The Banner University Medical Center's (BUMC) renal transplant program relies on the LifePort Kidney Transporter to optimize marginal kidney organs via hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) prior to transplantation. Hemodynamic parameters produced by the device followed over the duration of support, combined with clinical experience, guide decisions in determining the acceptability of a donor kidney for implantation. Thus far, statistical evidence supporting ideal parameters remain undefined. The purpose of this study is to create a logistic model that will ascertain the post-implant sustainability of LifePort® supported kidneys and predict clinical outcomes. My hypothesis is that the statistical models constructed based on retrospective LifePort® parameters and clinical outcome data will successfully predict donor organ vascular health for transplantation and the optimal support duration. A successful model will contribute to increased efficiencies in the kidney transplant process as well as improved patient outcomes. An overview of the institution’s success was weighed using a survival analysis, with delayed graft function (DGF) as the endpoint. A logistic regression model and forecast model were built to predict the outcome for rejecting or accepting the organ for transplant, as well as to predict the hemodynamic parameters hours after the start of infusion. Results concluded a flow greater than 80 mL/min had a 90% probability of transplantation. The forecast model was capable of predicting flow for up to five hours. The calculated flow was in a 10 mL/min range of the actual flow, when up to one hour parameters were entered into the model. The study concluded practicality in the clinical setting, in kidney transplantation.

Laboratory tests are a primary resource for diagnosing patient diseases. However, physicians often make decisions based on a single laboratory result and have a limited perspective of the role of commonly-measured parameters in enhancing the diagnostic process. By providing a dynamic patient profile, the diagnosis could be more accurate and timely, allowing physicians to anticipate changes in the recovery trajectory and intervene more effectively. The assessment and monitoring of the circulatory system is essential for patients in intensive care units (ICU). One component of this system is the platelet count, which is used in assessing blood clotting. However, platelet counts represent a dynamic equilibrium of many simultaneous processes, including altered capillary permeability, inflammatory cascades (sepsis), and the coagulation process. To characterize the value of dynamic changes in platelet count, analytical methods are applied to datasets of critically-ill patients in (1) a homogeneous population of ICU cardiac surgery patients and (2) a heterogeneous group of ICU patients with different conditions and several hospital admissions. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to anticipate adverse events using metrics that capture dynamic changes of platelet counts in a homogeneous population, then redefine the methodology for a more heterogeneous and complex dataset. The methodology was extended to analyze other important physiological parameters of the circulatory system (i.e., calcium, albumin, anion gap, and total carbon dioxide). Finally, the methodology was applied to simultaneously analyze some parameters enhancing the predictive power of various models. This methodology assesses dynamic changes of clinical parameters for a heterogeneous population of ICU patients, defining rates of change determined by multiple point regression and by the simpler fixed time parameter value ratios at specific time intervals. Both metrics provide prognostic information, differentiating survivors from non-survivors and have demonstrated being more predictive than complex metrics and risk assessment scores with greater dimensionality. The goal was to determine a minimal set of biomarkers that would better assist care providers in assessing the risk of complications, allowing them alterations in the management of patients. These metrics should be simple and their implementation would be feasible in any environment and under uncertain conditions of the specific diagnosis and the onset of an acute event that causes a patient's admission to the ICU. The results provide evidence of the different behaviors of physiologic parameters during the recovery processes for survivors and non-survivors. These differences were observed during the first 8 to 10 days after a patient's admission to the ICU. The application of the presented methodology could enhance physicians' ability to diagnose more accurately, anticipate changes in recovery trajectories, and prescribe effective treatment, leading to more personalized care and reduced mortality rates.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in the world. Included in this group, ischemic heart disease (IHD) is more frequent and responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Last two decades, a significant progress had happened to the recognition, management and treatment in patients with IHD, which determined a meaningful reduction in death rates, infarctions and recurrent ischemias. Despite technological advancement is increasing and its use of contemporary techniques, pain and anxiety cause a series of physiological repercussions that may impair the quality of clinical outcomes. Objectives: This study focused on identify in literature the music effect to pain, anxiety and hemodynamic parameters before and after percutaneous cardiac procedures. Method: This is a systematic review with meta-analysis that followed all recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and the verification items recommended by the tool Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA), as well as based on the Assessing the tool Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Results: 40 papers were found on a initial research, and 11 of them filled the inclusion criteria. These papers showed music is effective to reduce anxiety and hemodynamic parameters, and it was also confirmed in the meta-analysis which identified a meta-analytic estimate of difference among the average rates of 4.02 (95% HF: 2.48 to 6.68), even though it was chosen by the researcher. However, its effects on pain were inconclusive, which was also shown in the meta-analysis that identified a non-significant meta-analytic estimate of -0.01 (95% HF: -0.36 to 0.32) when VAS was used, although there is still a necessity for forthcoming studies. Due to the variability of genres and time of musical exposure, it was not possible to determine which music or for how long are the ideal to achieve more positive results on the outcomes of interest, but, it may presume soft, slow beats and instrumental songs show better results. Regarding how to execute it, the use of headphones is recommended as it allows the patient to focus its attention on the musical stimulus. Most of the studies obtained good methodological quality and low risk of bias. Whereas meta-analysis identified risk of publication bias for studies about anxiety. Conclusion: That systematic review identified music is effective to reduce anxiety and hemodynamic parameters. Nonetheless the results were inconclusive in order to determine association in pain reduction. These results may be useful in the development of recommendations for use of music in interventional cardiology. / Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares são as principais causas de morte no mundo. Dentro desse grupo, as doenças isquêmicas do coração (DIC) são as mais frequentes e responsáveis por altos números de morbimortalidade. Nas últimas duas décadas ocorreram grandes avanços no reconhecimento, manejo e tratamento de pacientes com DIC, o que determinou significativa redução das taxas de óbito, infartos e isquemia recorrente. Apesar do crescente avanço tecnológico e da utilização de técnicas contemporâneas, a dor e ansiedade ocasionam uma série de repercussões fisiológicas que podem prejudicar a qualidade dos desfechos clínicos. Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar na literatura o efeito da música sob a dor, ansiedade e parâmetros hemodinâmicos antes e após procedimentos cardíacos percutâneos. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática com metanálise que seguiu todas as recomendações da Colaboração Cochrane e seguindo os itens de verificação preconizados pela ferramenta Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), bem como se baseou na ferramenta Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Resultados: Foram encontrados 40 artigos na busca inicial dos quais 11 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Estes demonstraram que a música é efetiva na redução da ansiedade e dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos, sendo ainda confirmada na metanálise que identificou uma estimativa metanalítica de diferença nas médias padronizadas de 4.02 (IC 95%: 2.48 a 6.68), mesmo sendo escolhida pelo pesquisador. Contudo, seus efeitos sobre a dor foram inconclusivos, o que também foi mostrado na metanálise que identificou uma estimativa metanalítica não significativa de -0,01 (IC 95%: -0,36 a 0,32) quando se utilizou a EVA, sendo necessário a realização de estudos futuros. Devido a variabilidade dos estilos e tempo de exposição musical, não se pôde determinar qual a música e o tempo de exposição ideais para alcançar resultados mais positivos sobre os desfechos de interesse, mas infere-se que aquelas de batidas suaves, sem letras e lentas presentem melhores efeitos. Quanto à forma de aplicação, a utilização de fones de ouvido é recomendada, pois permite que o paciente foque sua atenção no estimulo musical. A maior parte dos estudos obteve boa qualidade metodológica com baixo risco de viés. Já a metanálise identificou risco de viés de publicação para os estudos que abordaram ansiedade. Conclusão: Esta revisão sistemática identificou que a música é efetiva na redução da ansiedade e dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos. Entretanto, os resultados foram inconclusivos para determinar associação na redução da dor. Estes resultados podem ser úteis no desenvolvimento de recomendações para utilização da música na cardiologia intervencionista. / Aracaju, SE

Angina pectoris är bröstsmärta orsakat av myokardischemi, till följd av kranskärlsjukdom med eller utan stenoser eller icke kranskärlsjukdom. Arbetsprov är den vanligaste undersökningen för angina pectoris. Diffusa symtom och angina pectoris varianter utan stenoser med låg sensitivitet för elektrokardiografi (EKG) sänker den diagnostiska säkerheten i arbetsprov på kvinnor. Litteraturstudiens syfte var att utreda om hemodynamiska parametrar och riskbedömning med Pre-test sannolikhet (PTP) samt Dukes Löpbands Index (DTS, Dukes Treadmill Score) kan öka den diagnostiska säkerheten i arbetsprov på kvinnor. Inklusionskriterierna var vetenskapligt granskade kliniska studier på engelska, med information om etiskt godkännande eller samtycke. Snowballing metoden, PUBMED, MEDLINE och CINAHL användes. Studier som inkluderades i resultatet granskades återigen och jämfördes med varandra. Hemodynamiska parametrar, PTP och DTS ökar den diagnostiska säkerheten i arbetsprov på kvinnor. Denna diagnostiska säkerhet beror dock också på PTP metod, PTP riskgrupp, etnicitet och angina pectoris variant. Vidare forskning behövs om etnicitetspecifika PTP metoder, mekanismen bakom blodtrycksreaktionen, DTS på icke kranskärlsjukdomar samt metoder som kan skilja mellan olika icke kranskärlsjukdomar. Utan studier om Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) och Diamond Forrester Score (DFS) samt deras påverkan på arbetsprov, kan inte resultatet i litteraturstudien generaliseras till arbetsprov i Sverige. / Angina pectoris is chest pain and myocardial ischemia due to Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) or Non-Coronary Artery Disease (non-CAD). Exercise stress test (EST) is the most common diagnostic procedure for angina pectoris. Non-CAD, low sensitivity for exercise electrocardiography (ex-ECG) and diffuse symptoms lower the diagnostic accuracy for females. This review’s aim was to study whether haemodynamic parameters and risk stratifications with Pre-test probability (PTP) or Duke Treadmill Score (DTS) improves the diagnostic accuracy of EST for females. Inclusion criterions were English peer reviewed, clinical studies with mentioned ethical approval or consent. Snowballing, PUBMED, MEDLINE and CINAHL were used. Articles that were included in the results, were reviewed once again, and compared to one another. Hemodynamic parameters, PTP and DTS increase the diagnostic accuracy of EST in women. This diagnostic accuracy depends on PTP method, risk group, ethnicity, and angina pectoris variant. Further research regarding ethnic specific PTP methods, mechanism behind the blood pressure reaction, DTS for diagnosis of non-CAD and methods for differentiation of subtypes of non-CAD, would be valuable. Without studies about the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), Diamond Forrester Score (DFS), and their impact on ex-ECG, the result of this review cannot be generalized to ex-ECG in Sweden.

No description available.

This thesis deals with the principles of ultrasonic perfusion analysis and methods for determining perfusion parameters. It examines Evolutionary algorithms and their ability to optimize the approximation of dilution curves from ultrasond tissue scannig. It compares the optimization performance of three evolutionary algorithms. Continuous genetic algorithm GA, algorithm SOMA and PSO. Methods are evaluated on simulated and clinical data.