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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Wong, Sze Ki. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-106). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Abstract in Chinese --- p.iv / Table of contents --- p.V / List of figures --- p.ix / List of abbreviations --- p.X / Chapter Chapter 1. --- General introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Literature review --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1. --- Pathogenic mechanisms of Vibrio species in fish --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Introduction --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Adhesion --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.3. --- Invasion --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.4. --- Proliferation --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2. --- Vibrio virulence factors --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Introduction --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Hemolysin --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Protease --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.4. --- Siderophore --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.5. --- Lipopolysaccharide --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3. --- General apoptotic pathways --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Extrinsic apoptotic pathway --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.2.1. --- Death receptor signaling apoptosis --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.2.1.1. --- Fas signaling pathway --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.2.1.2. --- TNF-R1 signaling pathway --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.2.1.3. --- TRAIL receptors signaling pathway --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.2.2. --- Growth factor receptor signaling apoptosis --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Intrinsic apoptotic pathway --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.3.1. --- Mitochondrial apoptotic pathway --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.3.1.1. --- Cyto c --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.3.1.2. --- Smac/DIABLO --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.3.1.3. --- Omi/HtrA2 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.3.1.4. --- AIF and endo G --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3.1.5. --- Bcl-2 family --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3.1.6. --- Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3.2. --- p53-regulated apoptotic pathway --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.3.3. --- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptotic pathway --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4. --- Membrane vesiculation in erythrocytes --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4.1. --- Introduction --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4.2. --- Induction of vesiculation --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4.3. --- Contents of vesicles --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.4. --- Mechanisms involved during vesiculation --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.5. --- Correlation between apoptosis and membrane vesiculation in erythrocytes --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.6. --- Reasons for vesiculation --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- "Induction of apoptosis by Vibrio alginolyticus thermolabile hemolysin (TLH) in blood cells of silver sea bream, Sparus sarba" --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1. --- Abstract --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2. --- Introduction --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3. --- Materials and methods --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Experimental fish --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Whole blood preparation --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Preparation of V. alginolyticus TLH --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- "Caspase-3, -8, -9/6 fluorescent assay" --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.5. --- TUNEL assay --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.6. --- Apoptotic DNA ladder assay --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.7. --- Statistical analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 3.4. --- Results --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- "Increase of caspase-3, -8, -9/6 activities" --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Detection of DNA fragmentation by TUNEL assay --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4.3. --- Detection of DNA fragmentation by apoptotic DNA ladder assay --- p.44 / Chapter 3.5. --- Discussion --- p.46 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- "Occurrence of membrane vesiculation, apoptosis and post-apoptotic necrosis after exposure to Vibrio alginolyticus thermolabile hemolysin (TLH) in erythrocytes of silver sea bream, Sparus sarba" --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1. --- Abstract --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2. --- Introduction --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3. --- Materials and methods --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Experimental fish --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Whole blood preparation --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Preparation of V. alginolyticus TLH --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.4. --- Light microscopy --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.5. --- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.6. --- Measurement of membrane vesiculation - acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.7. --- Measurement of necrosis - hemoglobin colorimetric assay --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3.8. --- Apoptotic DNA ladder assay --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3.9. --- Flow cytometry --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.10. --- Statistical analysis --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4. --- Results --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.1. --- Ultrastructural changes in red blood cells after exposure to TLH --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.2. --- Changes of cell population in size and granularity after exposure of TLH --- p.67 / Chapter 4.4.3. --- Effect of TLH dosage on necrosis and DNA fragmentation --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4.4. --- "Occurrence of membrane vesiculation, necrosis and DNA fragmentation in cells exposed to TLH" --- p.72 / Chapter 4.5. --- Discussion --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- General conclusions --- p.82 / References --- p.87

Leung, Ho Wai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-146). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / THESIS COMMITTEE --- p.II / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.III / ABSTRACT --- p.IV / CHINESE ABSTRACT --- p.VI / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.VII / OVERVIEW OF THIS PROJECT --- p.1 / Chapter SECTION 1: --- Purification and Characterization of hemagglutinins from French bean and mottled kidney bean / Chapter Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- General Introduction --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Physiological functions of plant lectins --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Physiological functions of animal lectins --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Biological functions of lectins --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5 --- Clinical and research applications of lectins --- p.16 / Chapter 1.6 --- Legume lectins --- p.17 / Chapter 1.7 --- Isolation and purification of lectins --- p.19 / Chapter 1.8 --- Objectives of the present study --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter 2.1 --- Chemicals --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Assay of hemagglutinating activity --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- Purification protocol --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Assay of saccharide inhibition of hemagglutination --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5 --- Assay of pH stability --- p.28 / Chapter 2.6 --- Molecular mass determination and N-terminal sequence determination --- p.28 / Chapter 2.7 --- Assay of mitogenic activity --- p.29 / Chapter 2.8 --- Assay of antiproliferative activity --- p.30 / Chapter 2.9 --- Assay for antifungal activity --- p.30 / Chapter 2.10 --- Assay of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity --- p.31 / Chapter 2.11 --- Assay of stability towards trypsin and chymotrypsin --- p.31 / Chapter 2.12 --- Assay of nitric oxide production --- p.32 / Chapter 2.13 --- Assay ofHIV-1 integrase --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS / Chapter 3.1 --- Purification scheme --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2 --- Size determination and N-terminal sequencing --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3 --- Temperature stability assay --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4 --- pH stability assay --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5 --- Saccharides inhibition of hemagglutination --- p.37 / Chapter 3.6 --- Stability towards Trypsin and Chymotrypsin --- p.38 / Chapter 3.7 --- Anti-proliferative activity --- p.38 / Chapter 3.8 --- HTV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition --- p.39 / Chapter 3.9 --- Mitogenic activity --- p.39 / Chapter 3.10 --- Nitric oxide production --- p.39 / Chapter 3.11 --- HIV-1 integrase --- p.39 / Chapter 3.12 --- Defensin --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 4.1 --- Purification scheme --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2 --- Sequence comparison --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3 --- Physical Stability of the hemagglutinins --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4 --- Protease Stability --- p.71 / Chapter 4.5 --- Sugar Specificity Assay --- p.72 / Chapter 4.6 --- Anti-proliferative Aactivity toward Cancer Cells --- p.73 / Chapter 4.7 --- HTV-1 reverse trancriptase and H̐ơþV integrase inhibition --- p.74 / Chapter 4.8 --- Mitogenic activity --- p.75 / Chapter 4.9 --- Antifungal protein --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- CONCLUSION --- p.78 / Chapter SECTION 2: --- Purification and Characterization of flammulolysin from mushroom Flαmmulinα velutipes / Chapter Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- General Introduction --- p.79 / Chapter 1.2 --- Mechanisms of hemolysis --- p.80 / Chapter 1.3 --- Biological role of hemolysins --- p.80 / Chapter 1.4 --- Mushroom hemolysin --- p.82 / Chapter 1.5 --- Applications of hemolysins --- p.83 / Chapter 1.6 --- Objectives of the present study --- p.83 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS / Chapter 3.1 --- Purification and sequence determination --- p.90 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effect of sugars and salts on hemolysin --- p.90 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of Temperature and pH on hemolysin --- p.91 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of Proteases on hemolysin --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5 --- Effect of osmotic protection on hemolysin --- p.91 / Chapter 3.6 --- Effect of hemolysin on tumor cells --- p.91 / Chapter 3.7 --- Effect of hemolysin on spleen cells --- p.92 / Chapter 3.8 --- Effect of hemolysin on bacterial growth --- p.92 / Chapter 3.9 --- Effect of hemolysin on fungal growth --- p.92 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 4.1 --- Purification and sequence comparison of hemolysin --- p.103 / Chapter 4.2 --- Sugar and Salts inhibition --- p.104 / Chapter 4.3 --- Temperature stability --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4 --- pH stability --- p.106 / Chapter 4.5 --- Protease stability --- p.106 / Chapter 4.6 --- Osmotic Protection --- p.106 / Chapter 4.7 --- Anti-tumour activity of the hemolysin --- p.107 / Chapter 4.8 --- Anti-fungal activity --- p.108 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- CONCLUSION --- p.109 / Chapter SECTION 3: --- Purification and Characterization of antifungal peptide from buckwheat seeds Fagopyrum esculentum / Chapter Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Plant antiftmgal proteins --- p.110 / Chapter 1.2 --- Classification of antifungal proteins --- p.110 / Chapter 1.3 --- Distribution of antifungal proteins in plants --- p.111 / Chapter 1.4 --- Mechanisms of antifungal activity --- p.111 / Chapter 1.5 --- Future Perspectives of Antifungal proteins --- p.112 / Chapter 1.6 --- Antifungal peptide from Buckwheat --- p.112 / Chapter 1 .7 --- Objectives of the present study --- p.113 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.114 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS / Chapter 3.1 --- Purification and sequence determination --- p.118 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effect on anti-fungal activity --- p.118 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of temperature and pH on antifungal activity --- p.118 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of the antifungal peptide on tumor cells --- p.119 / Chapter 3.5 --- Effect of antifungal peptide on HIV-1 Reverse transcriptase Activity --- p.119 / Chapter 3.6 --- Effect of antifungal peptide on spleen cells and NO Production --- p.119 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 4.1 --- Purification scheme and N-terminal sequence --- p.130 / Chapter 4.2 --- Antifungal Activity --- p.131 / Chapter 4.3 --- Physical stability --- p.131 / Chapter 4.4 --- Anti-proliferative activity toward cancer cells --- p.131 / Chapter 4.5 --- HTV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory activity --- p.132 / Chapter 4.6 --- Mitogenic activity and nitric oxide production --- p.132 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- CONCLUSION --- p.133 / OVERALL CONCLUSION --- p.134 / REFERENCES --- p.136