Urban planning intended to conserve cities’ valuable past, both areas and structures, is challenging due to the need to find a balance between preserving urban heritage and fulfilling development needs. In China, efforts to preserve cities designated to be Historic Cultural Cities (HCCs) are affected by HCC planning mechanism (HCCPMs), which have been developed to protect the cities’ significant value as a whole. In this study, policies in HCC conservation plans are evaluated on their amount of detail and are compared to stakeholders’ expectations. A case study is carried out for areas in the City of Beijing. Findings of this study include the following: a general level of the detail used in HCC conservation plans; this level of detail ranges distinctively in various policy categories and HCC classes; stakeholders desire a higher level of detail than currently exists in the conservation plans; different expectations exist among stakeholder groups (residents, participants from the central districts, and participant without planning knowledge). Five statements can be reflected from the general level of detail: 1) urban conservation is not a primary concern in HCCs; 2) plan objectives were achieved in HCC plans; 3) the public did not effectively impact planning decisions; 4) little financial and human resources support exists for conservation activities; 5) the written legislative guidance is inaccurate. The differences in stakeholders’ expectation and the current plans reveal the failure to achieve public participation goals such as transparency and democracy. Recommendations are provided on improving plan quality and public participation in Historic Cultural Cities to better serve for urban conservation in Chinese cities.

Yes / Designed as a pragmatic approach that anticipates change to cultural heritage, this chapter discusses responses that encompass records for tangible cultural heritage (monuments, sites and landscapes) and the narratives that see the impact upon them. The Curious Travellers project provides a mechanism for digitally documenting heritage sites that have been destroyed or are under immediate threat from unsympathetic development, neglect, natural disasters, conflict and cultural vandalism. The project created and tested data-mining and crowd-sourced workflows that enable the accurate digital documentation and 3D visualisation of buildings, archaeological sites, monuments and heritage at risk. When combined with donated content, image data are used to recreate 3D models of endangered and lost monuments and heritage sites using a combination of open-source and proprietary methods. These models are queried against contextual information, helping to place and interrogate structures with relevant site and landscape data for the surrounding environment. Geospatial records such as aerial imagery and 3D mobile mapping laser scan data serve as a framework for adding new content and testing accuracy. In preserving time-event records, image metadata offers important information on visitor habits and conservation pressures, which can be used to inform measures for site management. / The Curious Travellers project was funded as a component of the AHRC Digital Transformations Theme Large Grant ‘Fragmented Heritage’ (AH/L00688X/1). AHRC Follow-on funding has seen this approach contribute to the BReaTHe project (AH/S005951/1) which seeks to Build Resilience Through Heritage for displaced communities and with a contribution to the BA Cities and Infrastructures Scheme project, ‘Reducing Disaster Risk to Life and Livelihoods by evaluating the seismic performance of retrofitted interventions within Kathmandu’s UNESCO World Heritage Site during the 2015 Earthquake’, with Durham University (KF1\100109).

The overall aim of this thesis is to further understanding of the developing relations between heritage conservation and urban revitalization, by following the on-going World Heritage List nomination process for the Grand Canal in China. A review of the history and current situation of heritage conservation and urban revitalization establishes several key gaps in knowledge, for example, the field of systematic heritage conservation is still left blank. Taking advantage of the opportunity to work with this on-going nomination, the project examines the nature and challenges of heritage conservation research and practice for a heritage property of large scale and complexity, in the form of four linked studies. A critique of the national level nomination process to date illustrates the complexity of the task, and concludes that systematic heritage conservation has not been established as a concentrated and nation-wide heritage conservation activity in China. Focusing on the municipal level nomination process to date through a case study of the city of Zhenjiang (and Yangzhou as a comparator) establishes key reasons why one city has been more successful than the other in its participation in the World Heritage List nomination. A second case study, of the Xi Jin Ferry area in Zhenjiang (Jiangsu Province), provides a fuller account of the ways in which heritage conservation can contribute to, and work with, urban revitalization. Drawing on the case of Xi Jin Ferry, a theoretically-informed, but practically-viable approach to linking heritage conservation and urban revitalization is developed which learns from the past and looks to the future. Building on the empirical research projects, a critique of existing approaches to heritage conservation of large, complex sites leads to a proposal for a 'Heritage System' framework which would facilitate future evaluations and improve the prospects for on-going management of the Grand Canal.

The historic place is the result of a uniqueness that characterises and differentiates it from other places. It holds both tangible and intangible features that creates its sense of place, which is a lifelong process whereby it gradually constitutes our historic city and its character. This study aligns with the growing recognition by the international heritage community to expand our understanding of cultural heritage to include tangible and intangible values, agenda of sustainability, the role of local culture, and sustainable development. It, thus, initiates a critical dialogue between heritage conservation and sustainable urban development, to examine the concept of sense of place and its implications for conservation theory and practice. By drawing on a variety of methodologies and sources, it seeks to understand how effectively sense of place can contribute to the management of historic urban areas in a globalised world. The theoretical phase of the research traces relevant literature and studies, presenting the latest debates on heritage management at the international level, and explores selected collaborative projects in Europe at regional level. While the practical phase, focuses on Edinburgh as an in-depth case study, exploring its policies and practice at a local level. The methodological approach adopted in this study has enabled combining literature from different disciplines, through categorising the main features of sense of place, to a grid of main goals for any development project: conserving the physical structure, the suitability of the use, and the development of local community and improving the quality of life. This takes us beyond issues of conservation and towards a recognition of the central role sense of place and local community have in (re)configuring shared values, practices, collective memory and identity in a specific cultural cluster. To illustrate the validity of the approach, the analytical framework was applied to selected development projects across Edinburgh to explore the sense of place, unpack the complexity of local values of various users, effectively engage more users and stakeholders, and redefine heritage management and the way it can be integrated within the planning system. This was possible by using various methods to acknowledge its multiplicity: exploring the evolution of Edinburgh’s historic place in history and the role of planning system and policies into shaping the present character; and conducting semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and focus groups in local communities.

The aim of this thesis is to develop conservation principles for the brick and tile industry in Eskisehir, one of the symbolic industrial cities in Turkey where brick and tile has been the significant production from the Early Republic Period. The conservation of these structures, complexes and mechanical elements is a controversial issue owing to their physical, economical, social and administrative values. The principles how to conserve and why is searched through discussions on conservation approaches, development plans and values. Focusing on this aim, this study is structured in six parts as the research on industrialization and industrial heritage, review and discussion of value types, survey on brick and tile industry, the value assessment process for the factories with the proposed value types and the implementation of conservation principles. In conclusion, the development of principles is an essential process in conservation of cultural heritage. This thesis proposes conservation principles over physical, social and administrative structure for industrial heritage for brick and tile factories in the Eskisehir Industrial Area.

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The research presented in this dissertation covers three separate topics of conservation as defined by the National Science Foundation: 1) Materials Stabilization, Strengthening, Monitoring, and Repair; 2. Understanding Material Degradation and Aging; and 3) Materials and Structural Characterization of Cultural Heritage Objects (the `technical study'). The first topic is addressed through a study to assess the consolidant tetraethoxysilane for the stabilization of alum treated wood. Falling under materials degradation studies is a study published in American Museum Novitates to understand how environmental conditions affect the aging of fossil resins from five different deposits. Two separate studies are included in technical study of cultural heritage objects which comprises the third research area of materials characterization. The first is a survey of red dyes used in Chinese paintings from the Ming Dynasty to the Early Republic (1364-1911). The second is a study of the pigments, dyes and binders used in Hawaiian barkcloth (kapa) from the 19th century.

xii, 124 p. : ill. (chiefly col.), col. maps / This thesis explores the complex relationship between heritage conservation and tourism in the Historic Center of Arequipa, a World Cultural Heritage Site in Peru. Although it has been recognized that tourism impacts the people and places where it occurs and, through this, it impacts the tourists' own experience, the challenge that tourism poses to efforts to conserve heritage resources is not always recognized. Even though heritage conservation efforts in Arequipa have been strengthened in the last ten years, tourism has been increasing steadily without appropriate planning, therefore challenging the desired balance between conservation and tourism in the historic center. The relationship between heritage conservation and tourism has been assessed, and tourism opportunities and threats for heritage conservation have been identified. Based on the existing Master Plan for the Historic Center of Arequipa guiding conservation efforts in the city, recommendations for conservation and tourism planning have been established. / Committee in charge: Robert Z. Melnick, Chairperson; Henry Kunowski, Member

Essa pesquisa para o Mestrado Profissional em História tem como objetivo formular metodologicamente um modelo-ficha para a descrição detalhada de edificações com potencial para preservação por sua história e sua importância sociocultural nas comunidades a que pertencem. Esse registro de indicadores arquitetônicos e históricos é um modelo de ficha, que consiste no produto resultante do estudo realizado. Com o intuito de formular esse modelo-ficha, foram analisados conceitos como memória, identidade e cultura. Conceituando, também, de forma adequada, termos como patrimônio material e imaterial, e analisando os modelos existentes de fichamento foi possível desenvolver um modelo-ficha mais coerente e convincente, que auxiliará nos registros dos dados para a preservação de edificações com importância histórica. A explanação desses conceitos complementa os estudos de graduação para os arquitetos e urbanistas, que possuem uma formação superficial nessa área de conhecimento. O modelo-ficha, depois de formatado, foi apresentado a quatro Conselhos Municipais de Patrimônio Arquitetônico Histórico e Cultural (COMPAHC), onde foi validado pelos membros neles presentes. Esse material orientará os profissionais arquitetos e urbanistas e historiadores participantes dos conselhos a produzir materiais e levantamentos dimensionais e fotográficos detalhados dos imóveis e conjuntos urbanos, de forma a agregar a história imaterial às edificações inventariadas e passíveis de tombamento. Para aplicação prática e para teste dos parâmetros indicados, foi realizado o estudo de caso da Vila KM2, conjunto urbano que consiste em um local implantado pelo batalhão ferroviário de Bento Gonçalves, às margens da via férrea. O espaço foi escolhido por ter sido um pequeno núcleo social com vida própria, independente do centro de Bento Gonçalves (pertencente à linha de Veríssimo de Matos). Ali aconteceram atividades sociais, de trabalho, de comércio e onde residiu uma comunidade diferenciada que até hoje lembra com saudades períodos de muita felicidade. Assim, sob a observação direcionada a esse grupo, foi possível realizar a experimentação dos indicadores, compreendendo como é necessário investigar e tratar os outros patrimônios que, sendo desprezados pelas comunidades, acabam se deteriorando e sendo demolidos. O ato de preservar também precisa passar pelos processos educativos e, certamente, pela educação patrimonial superior para arquitetos e urbanistas, com vistas a um futuro próximo, que exigirá desses profissionais conhecer, de modo aprofundado, princípios de história, preservação e restauro. Complementam o estudo proposto para o Mestrado Profissional em História a análise reflexiva sobre a experiência obtida por meio de contatos com conselhos dos quatro municípios e, também, o levantamento obtido por meio de visitas aos conselhos de quatro municípios. O modelo-ficha a ser preenchido com imóveis de valor histórico trará novas diretrizes para que sejam contadas as histórias dos municípios, escondidas nas paredes de edificações passadas. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-11-25T16:48:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Margit Arnold Fensterseifer.pdf: 6680899 bytes, checksum: 22369d86d9b0fc57863de1250a8f0927 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-25T16:48:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Margit Arnold Fensterseifer.pdf: 6680899 bytes, checksum: 22369d86d9b0fc57863de1250a8f0927 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-25 / This research for the Professional Masters in History aims to methodologically formulate a record model for the complete description of buildings to be preserved for its history and socio-cultural importance in the communities they belong to. This record of architectural and historical indicators is a form model that is the resulting product of the study performed. In order to formulate the model-form, concepts such as memory, identity and culture were analyzed. Conceptualizing, also, in an appropriate way, terms such as tangible and intangible heritage, and analyzing the existing report models, it was possible to develop a more coherent and convincing record model, which will assist in data records for the preservation of buildings of historical importance. The explanation of these concepts complements the undergraduate studies for architects and urban planners, who have a superficial knowledge in this area. The model-form, once formatted, was presented to four Municipal Councils of Architectural Heritage and Cultural History. Then, it was validated by the present members of the councils. This material will guide the professional architects, urban planners and historians that take part in the councils to produce dimensional and photographic materials and detailed surveys of real estate and urban centers, in order to add the immaterial history to inventoried buildings, that can be preserved. For practical application and testing of the parameters, the case study of the village KM2 was analyzed. KM2 is an urban ensemble that was deployed by the railway battalion of Bento Gonçalves, on the border of the railroad. This local was chosen because it was a small social nucleus with its own life, independent from Bento Gonçalves (belonging to the line of Matos Verissimo). There occurred social, work and trade activities – and there also lived a different community that even today remember these periods of great happiness. Thus, under the direct observation of this community, it was possible to test the indicators, understanding how necessary it is to investigate and treat other historical buildings, being despised by communities, that end up deteriorating and being demolished. The act of preserving also need to go through the educational process and certainly the superior heritage education for architects and urban planners with a view to the near future, which will require these professionals to know, in depth, early history, preservation and restoration. Complement the proposed study for the Professional Masters in History the reflective analysis on the experience gained through contacts with the four municipalities councils and also the survey obtained through visits to four municipal councils. The record model to be filled with historical value of real estate will bring new guidelines to tell the stories of the cities, hidden in the past of the walls of these buildings.

Essa pesquisa para o Mestrado Profissional em História tem como objetivo formular metodologicamente um modelo-ficha para a descrição detalhada de edificações com potencial para preservação por sua história e sua importância sociocultural nas comunidades a que pertencem. Esse registro de indicadores arquitetônicos e históricos é um modelo de ficha, que consiste no produto resultante do estudo realizado. Com o intuito de formular esse modelo-ficha, foram analisados conceitos como memória, identidade e cultura. Conceituando, também, de forma adequada, termos como patrimônio material e imaterial, e analisando os modelos existentes de fichamento foi possível desenvolver um modelo-ficha mais coerente e convincente, que auxiliará nos registros dos dados para a preservação de edificações com importância histórica. A explanação desses conceitos complementa os estudos de graduação para os arquitetos e urbanistas, que possuem uma formação superficial nessa área de conhecimento. O modelo-ficha, depois de formatado, foi apresentado a quatro Conselhos Municipais de Patrimônio Arquitetônico Histórico e Cultural (COMPAHC), onde foi validado pelos membros neles presentes. Esse material orientará os profissionais arquitetos e urbanistas e historiadores participantes dos conselhos a produzir materiais e levantamentos dimensionais e fotográficos detalhados dos imóveis e conjuntos urbanos, de forma a agregar a história imaterial às edificações inventariadas e passíveis de tombamento. Para aplicação prática e para teste dos parâmetros indicados, foi realizado o estudo de caso da Vila KM2, conjunto urbano que consiste em um local implantado pelo batalhão ferroviário de Bento Gonçalves, às margens da via férrea. O espaço foi escolhido por ter sido um pequeno núcleo social com vida própria, independente do centro de Bento Gonçalves (pertencente à linha de Veríssimo de Matos). Ali aconteceram atividades sociais, de trabalho, de comércio e onde residiu uma comunidade diferenciada que até hoje lembra com saudades períodos de muita felicidade. Assim, sob a observação direcionada a esse grupo, foi possível realizar a experimentação dos indicadores, compreendendo como é necessário investigar e tratar os outros patrimônios que, sendo desprezados pelas comunidades, acabam se deteriorando e sendo demolidos. O ato de preservar também precisa passar pelos processos educativos e, certamente, pela educação patrimonial superior para arquitetos e urbanistas, com vistas a um futuro próximo, que exigirá desses profissionais conhecer, de modo aprofundado, princípios de história, preservação e restauro. Complementam o estudo proposto para o Mestrado Profissional em História a análise reflexiva sobre a experiência obtida por meio de contatos com conselhos dos quatro municípios e, também, o levantamento obtido por meio de visitas aos conselhos de quatro municípios. O modelo-ficha a ser preenchido com imóveis de valor histórico trará novas diretrizes para que sejam contadas as histórias dos municípios, escondidas nas paredes de edificações passadas. / This research for the Professional Masters in History aims to methodologically formulate a record model for the complete description of buildings to be preserved for its history and socio-cultural importance in the communities they belong to. This record of architectural and historical indicators is a form model that is the resulting product of the study performed. In order to formulate the model-form, concepts such as memory, identity and culture were analyzed. Conceptualizing, also, in an appropriate way, terms such as tangible and intangible heritage, and analyzing the existing report models, it was possible to develop a more coherent and convincing record model, which will assist in data records for the preservation of buildings of historical importance. The explanation of these concepts complements the undergraduate studies for architects and urban planners, who have a superficial knowledge in this area. The model-form, once formatted, was presented to four Municipal Councils of Architectural Heritage and Cultural History. Then, it was validated by the present members of the councils. This material will guide the professional architects, urban planners and historians that take part in the councils to produce dimensional and photographic materials and detailed surveys of real estate and urban centers, in order to add the immaterial history to inventoried buildings, that can be preserved. For practical application and testing of the parameters, the case study of the village KM2 was analyzed. KM2 is an urban ensemble that was deployed by the railway battalion of Bento Gonçalves, on the border of the railroad. This local was chosen because it was a small social nucleus with its own life, independent from Bento Gonçalves (belonging to the line of Matos Verissimo). There occurred social, work and trade activities – and there also lived a different community that even today remember these periods of great happiness. Thus, under the direct observation of this community, it was possible to test the indicators, understanding how necessary it is to investigate and treat other historical buildings, being despised by communities, that end up deteriorating and being demolished. The act of preserving also need to go through the educational process and certainly the superior heritage education for architects and urban planners with a view to the near future, which will require these professionals to know, in depth, early history, preservation and restoration. Complement the proposed study for the Professional Masters in History the reflective analysis on the experience gained through contacts with the four municipalities councils and also the survey obtained through visits to four municipal councils. The record model to be filled with historical value of real estate will bring new guidelines to tell the stories of the cities, hidden in the past of the walls of these buildings.