This report discusses the taxonomy, distribution and ecology of the herpetofauna of the Transvaal based on a survey conducted over the past 10 years. Seventeen new forms, apart from four new taxa described during the course of this study, are discussed in the section on Systematics. The distribution of many species has been considerably amended. A total of 265 species and subspecies were recorded from the province. The biogeography of the herpetofauna is discussed in the light of past and present climatic events, as determined by palynological record. Factors affecting reptile and amphibian distributions are incorporated in an attempt to elucidate current distribution patterns. The conservation status of each species and subspecies is discussed and a final chapter on threats and conservation recommendations are incorporated. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1989.