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Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 29 novembre 2023) / Ce mémoire porte sur la pensée de l'écrivain allemand Hermann Hesse et s'intéresse au thème du sens de l'existence humaine. L'objectif principal du mémoire consiste à appuyer l'hypothèse selon laquelle le sens de l'existence humaine, pour Hermann Hesse, se trouve dans la recherche d'harmonisation de soi. Pour ce faire, nous avons privilégié l'analyse philosophique d'œuvres littéraires, plus précisément l'analyse des romans Narcisse et Goldmund et Le Jeu des perles de verre de Hesse. La pensée de l'écrivain s'éclaire lorsqu'on prend en considération trois idées fondamentales qu'il aborde dans les essais Sur l'idée d'unité et Un peu de théologie : le développement de l'âme, la fluctuation des pôles opposés et l'unité au-delà des oppositions. L'examen de ces trois idées permet de poser un cadre théorique et conceptuel pour analyser les romans sélectionnés. L'étude de ces deux romans permet de constater que la vie des personnages qui nous intéressent particulièrement, en l'occurrence Goldmund et Joseph Valet, acquiert un sens lorsque ceux-ci recherchent l'harmonisation d'eux-mêmes. Cette harmonisation se caractérise par une volonté de rapprocher les pôles « Geist » (raison ou esprit) et « Natur » (nature) - inhérents à l'être humain. Bien qu'il y ait un rapprochement de ces pôles à la fin des romans, leur essence rend impossible une parfaite harmonisation. Nous soutenons que cet échec nécessaire éclaire la pensée de Hesse et sa conception de l'existence humaine en indiquant que le sens de l'existence se trouve dans la recherche d'harmonisation de nos tendances opposées - plutôt que dans leur harmonisation effective. / This dissertation focuses on the thought of the German writer Hermann Hesse and explores the theme of the meaning of human existence. The main objective of this study is to support the hypothesis that, according to Hermann Hesse, the meaning of human existence is found in the search for self-harmonization. To achieve this objective, we have favored the philosophical analysis of literary works, more specifically the analysis of Hermann Hesse's novels Narcissus and Goldmund and The Glass Beads Game. The writer's thought becomes clearer when we take into consideration three fundamental ideas which he addresses in the essays On the Idea of Unity and A Bit of Theology: the development of the soul, the fluctuation of opposite poles and the unity beyond oppositions. The examination of these three ideas allows us to establish a theoretical and conceptual framework for analyzing the selected novels. By studying the two novels, we see that the lives of the characters who are of particular interest to us, namely Goldmund and Joseph Valet, acquire meaning when they seek harmonization of themselves. This harmonization is characterized by a desire to bring together the poles "Geist" (reason or mind) and "Natur" (nature) - inherent to the human being. Although there is a convergence of these poles at the end of the novels, their essence makes perfect harmonization impossible. We argue that this necessary failure sheds light on Hesse's thought and his conception of human existence by indicating that the meaning of existence is found in seeking the harmonization of our opposing tendencies - rather than in their effective harmonization.

Thèse de doctorat : ETUDES GERMANIQUES : Metz : 1999. / 1999METZ007L. 191 ref.

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"The Concept of 'the Human' in the Work of Hermann Hesse and Paul Tillich" is an interdisciplinary study in theology and literature. Three chapters each on Hesse and Tillich discuss the life work, and critical significance of both men. The seventh chapter compares their similarities and their contrasting views. In his work Hermann Hesse singles out the artist as the best example of true personhood and believes that individuals become fully human by being aesthetes, possessing ironic humor, learning to love unconditionally, expressing themselves while at play, transcending themselves through magical thinking, i.e., bringing into harmony the polarities of life, and finally, by assuming ethical responsibility for life to the point of sacrificial service. In the work of Paul Tillich existential man experiences estrangement, but essential man possesses a vision of wholeness and therefore of potentiality. However, maturity is to be found in becoming reconciled. Jesus as the Christ is the New Being who reunites man with God, Sanctification describes what it means to be fully human, and participation in a theonomous culture requires that one help make human life more human for others. The final chapter compares the life and work of Hesse and Tillich and concludes; both men have a tripartite view of human nature, they recognize the ambiguities of life as well as the demonic element in man, perfection is beyond an individual's grasp hut fulfillment is not, and both men are humanists who oppose dehumanization. They differ in that Tillich is more interested in ontology than in psychology, Hesse stresses self-realisation, whereas Tillich: stresses becoming whole by way of reunion with Being-itself. Hesse appreciates the aesthetic and ethical stages of life but lacks Tillich's emphasis on the depth dimension. Hesse's answer to the human situation is autonomous rather than theonomous as advocated by Tillich. The implications of both Hesse's and Tillich's thought include the following: becoming fully; human is a lifelong process; man is most human when he reflects his best self or the image of God; being human must address itself to the perennial problems of man (sin, suffering, and death); anthropology rather than dogmatic theology is the arena in which the theological enterprise should take placer and finally. the contemporary church needs to be aware of the necessity for both personal religious experience and social action.