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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Síntese a Partir de Baterias Exauridas de Íon-Li e Zn-MnO2 de Fe3O4, CoFe2O4 e ZnFe2O4 e Suas Aplicações Como Catalisadores nas Reações de Foto Fenton Heterogêneo.

MOURA, M. N. 22 March 2017 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:58:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10763_Mayra Nicoli Moura - Dissertação corrigida.pdf: 3004599 bytes, checksum: 5d4e91152db73883ca3959418fd139f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / Cobalto do cátodo das baterias de íon lítio (LIBs) exauridas de telefones celulares Samsumg® foi reciclado como ferrita dopada com cobalto. O zinco do ânodo das pilhas alcalinas (Zn-MnO2) Duracell® AA foi reciclado para a formação da ferrita dopada com zinco. As ferritas foram aplicadas como catalisadores em reações foto Fenton heterogêneo para a descoloração do corante azul de metileno. Pela análise de difração de Raios-X (DRX) identificou-se formação de ferritas não dopadas, dopada com cobalto e dopada com zinco do tipo espinélio. Com auxilio das técnicas: microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) verificou-se que as ferritas não dopadas, dopada com cobalto e dopada com zinco formam aglomerados de partículas nanométricas. Pelas análises de espectroscopia de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) e espectro de absorção atômica com chama (F AAS) foi possível determinar as concentrações dos metais presentes nas ferritas. As concentrações de cobalto foram 70,0 ± 4,0 mg.g-1 e 65,0 ± 2,0 mg.g-1 nas ferritas dopadas com cobalto a partir de reagente analítico e da bateria de íon lítio, respectivamente. As concentrações de zinco nas ferritas dopadas com zinco a partir de reagente analítico e da pilha alcalina, respectivamente foram iguais 26,0 ± 1,0 mg.g-1 e 89,0 ± 4,0 mg.g-1. A condição otimizada para a descoloração do corante foi avaliada por um planejamento fatorial. A melhor condição para reação catalítica usando como catalisador CoFe2O4 foi pH 3,0, 30 mg de catalisador e 8 mL de H2O2, obtendo a porcentagem de eficiência de degradação igual a 61,5%, 87,3% e 87,7% para ferrita não dopada, dopada com cobalto a partir de reagentes analíticos e dopada com cobalto a partir da solução lixiviada da bateria de íon-Li e CoFe2O4-LIBs, respectivamente, após 420 minutos. A dopagem melhorou a eficiência da descoloração da solução de azul de metileno. A melhor condição experimental otimizada para ZnFe2O4 foi 30 mg de catalisador, 8 mL de H2O2 em pH 6,0. A eficiência de descoloração obtida foi igual a 45,9%, 92,2% e 37,0% para ferrita não dopada, dopada com zinco a partir de reagente analítico e dopada com zinco a partir da lixiviação da pilha alcalina, após 240 minutos de reação.
2

Procédé photo-Fenton hétérogène pour l'élimination des micropolluants à très faible concentration de la rivière Meurthe / Heterogeneous photo-fenton process for removal of micropollutants at very low concentration from Meurthe river

Ayoub, Hawraa 27 March 2018 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse concerne le développement de catalyseurs Fe/Faujasite afin de dégrader un cocktail de micropolluants provenant d’une eau réelle de rivière dans la Meurthe (France) avec le procédé photo-Fenton hétérogène. Les micropolluants étudiés appartiennent à 4 grandes familles : des principes actifs pharmaceutiques, des produits de soins cosmétiques, des perturbateurs endocriniens, et des composés perfluorés. Pour la première fois, dans cette thèse, la dégradation d’un mélange de 21 micropolluants à l’état de traces (2 – 80 ng/L) provenant d’une réelle eau de rivière non-dopée a été effectuée. Cependant, le fait de travailler avec des concentrations très faibles en polluants reste un challenge notamment en ce qui concerne les aspects de chimie analytiques. Ce travail de thèse est donc divisé en deux grandes parties. Dans un premier temps, il a été nécessaire de trouver la meilleure eau réelle contenant un nombre élevé de micropolluants de différentes natures à des concentrations de l’ordre de quelques ng/L mais inférieures à 100 ng/L. Pour cela différentes campagnes de prélèvement ont été effectuées dans les deux principales rivières de la région Lorraine, la Meurthe et la Moselle, en différents lieux et différentes périodes de l’année. L’eau provenant du site de Moulin Noir a été choisie. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons développé des catalyseurs fer/Faujasite pour pouvoir tester leur efficacité pour la dégradation des micropolluants provenant du site de Moulin Noir par le procédé photo-Fenton hétérogène. Dans une étape intermédiaire, l’optimisation des paramètres opératoires du procédé photo-Fenton avec nos catalyseurs a été effectuée en utilisant deux macropolluants modèles, phénol et diclofenac / Twenty one 21 micropollutants including pharmaceuticals, personal cares product, endocrine disruptors and perfluorinated compounds presenting at ng/L in the real water of Meurthe river, were successfully quantified and removed using heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. To achieve this goal, an analytical-catalytic methodology was developed and the work steps were performed linked together in a cycle-like manner. The use of the sensitive and efficient multi-residual SPE-LC-MS/MS analytical method allowed us to analyze and quantify the mixture of micropollutants present in a complex matrix during 3 periods of the year with different weather conditions, from 5 sampling sites. Results showed that the highest concentrations of most of the present micropollutants are observed in October at ng/L, Moulin Noir sampling site found to contain the largest number and type of these pollutants, the WWTP was not efficient in the removal of the micropollutants present in water and the drinking water used from tab was totally safe from micropollutants. The calculation of the fluxes and estimation of the mass balance at the rivers confluence confirmed the good precision and reliability of our measurement methodology, and specify the most suitable site for water to be taken from to be used in the removal tests which was Moulin Noir. Having the appropriate water sample, an efficient iron impregnated Faujasite catalyst was developed and used in a photo-Fenton process for the micropollutant removal tests. After characterization and optimization of the different experimental factors using the 2 model macropollutants, phenol and diclofenac, the real tests were performed on real water samples from Moulin Noir. The results demonstrated the good efficiency of the photo-Fenton process with the cocktail of 21 micropollutants. Except for sulfamethoxazole and PFOA, the concentrations of all the other micro-contaminants became lower than the limit of quantification of the LC-MS/MS after 30 minutes or 6 hours of photo-Fenton treatment depending on their initial concentrations under the effect of both adsorption and Fenton mechanisms. Comparing the photo-Fenton process to heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation over TiO2, Faster micropollutants removal occurred with the zeolite

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