Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2017-09-01T17:51:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Luiz Fernando K Unti.pdf: 6181881 bytes, checksum: b0280e86919fc3c265d97d1ffba8200e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-01T17:51:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Luiz Fernando K Unti.pdf: 6181881 bytes, checksum: b0280e86919fc3c265d97d1ffba8200e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Dentre os materiais mais comuns utilizados para a construção de eletrólitos e eletrodos das células a combustível de óxido sólido (CaCOS) estão os óxidos com estrutura semelhante à perovisquita; estes apresentam características desejáveis para esta aplicação, como boa condutividade elétrica. Diversos são os estudos nesta área atualmente, onde um dos enfoques é o desenvolvimento de materiais com condutividade protônica para melhorar a performance destes condutores. O presente trabalho avaliou a viabilidade do composto Ba5Nb4O15 (BNO) como possível candidato na produção de elementos de CaCOS. Este composto possui uma estrutura de perovisquita hexagonal, e estudos recentes apontam que é largamente utilizado em ressoadores dielétricos e há indícios que este tipo de estrutura pode apresentar condutividade protônica. Nesse trabalho foi avaliada a síntese da fase BNO através de um método alternativo à reação no estado sólido, baseada no método Pechini modificado, usando para isto precursores no formato de óxido. Como há diversas rotas diferentes de processamento para esta fase, comparou-se a sinterabilidade dos pós obtidos nas sínteses através da densificação, após serem conformados e sinterizados em duas temperaturas: 1400 e 1450ºC. Também se estudou a influência da adição de dopantes de menor valência (titânio e zircônio) na estrutura e nas propriedades elétricas da fase pura. Foi possível obter a fase BNO em todas as sínteses, embora após a primeira calcinação houvesse diferentes fases na amostra obtida pelo método Pechini; estas fases secundárias desapareceram após a sinterização. Atingiu-se maior densificação ao submeter os pós sintetizados à moagem, previamente à conformação, onde se atingiu porosidades aparentes menores que 5%. As dopagens promoveram o refino do grão, mas não foram eficientes no aumento da condutividade do composto. Contudo, as amostras sinterizadas em 1450ºC apresentaram maior condutividade em atmosfera úmida (H2O) do que em água pesada (D2O), o que pode ser um indício da existência de condutividade protônica nesta estrutura. / Among the common materials used to produce solid oxide fuel cell’s (SOFC’s) electrolytes and electrodes areoxides with perovskite structures; they show desirable characteristics for this application, like good levels of ionic conduction. Nowadays, there are many different studies on this field, where developing new proton conduction materials to improve SOFC’s performance is one of them. Present work evaluated the viability of compound Ba5Nb4O15 (BNO) as a candidate to produce SOFC’s elements. This compound show a hexagonal perovskite structure and recent papers point this kind of structure is currently used can show some indications of proton conduction. At present study, it was evaluated BNO synthesis through an alternate method to solid-state reaction, based on Pechini method and using different oxides as precursors. Since there are many different processing routes to obtain this phase, it was compared sinterability of synthesized powders after pressing and sintering at two temperatures: 1400 and 1450ºC. The poisoning effect of titanium and zirconium on structure and electric properties was also studied. BNO phase was successful obtained in all synthesis, although non-stoichiometry phases were present on Pechini sample after first calcination; after sintering, these phases were no longer present though. A higher densification was obtained after milling synthesized powder previously to pressing: a bulk porosity smaller than 5% was achieved. Doping produce grain refinement, but it was not efficient improving electrical conductivity. However, sintered samples at 1450ºC had shown higher conductivity on humid atmosphere (H2O) than presented on heavy water atmosphere (D2O). This could be an indication of proton conductionin this structure. Keywords: proton conduction, hexagonal perovskites, Pechini method, solid oxide fuel cells.

La problématique des condensateurs céramiques à très hautes performances est récurrente dansde nombreux secteurs de l’énergie électrique. Elle prend toute son acuité en microélectronique « nomade», où les circuits doivent être de plus en plus miniaturisés. Ces condensateurs, peuvent occuperjusqu’à 50 % de l’espace sur le circuit imprimé, réduire leurs dimensions devient donc un impératif.Dans ce contexte de nouveaux matériaux à permittivité colossale ont été découverts, commepar exemple CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO). Le mécanisme IBLC (Internal Barrier Layer Capacitance),décrivant des grains semi-conducteurs et des joints de grains isolants, permet aujourd’hui d’expliquerces fortes permittivités. Cependant l’origine de la semi-conductivité des grains ainsi quele caractère isolant des joints de grains donne encore matière à controverse. Ce travail a donc undouble objectif, d’une part concevoir un matériau possédant des propriétés diélectriques similairesà CCTO, et d’autre part comprendre les différents mécanismes responsables de ces permittivitésexceptionnelles. La première partie de ce manuscrit présente les caractéristiques d’usages descondensateurs, elle à également pour objectif de lister les mécanismes qui ont été proposés parla communauté scientifique pour tenter d’expliquer la forte permittivité de CCTO. La deuxièmepartie présente d’une part les techniques de caractérisations qui ont été utilisées pour analyserles composés présentés dans ce manuscrit, en insistant plus particulièrement sur la spectroscopied’impédance, largement utilisée dans cette étude. Elle présente d’autre part les techniques de synthèsesqui ont été expérimentées pour synthétiser un nouveau matériau à permittivité colossale :Ba4YMn3O11,5±δ. Les caractérisations structurale et micro-structurale de Ba4YMn3O11,5±δ serontévoquées dans la troisième partie de ce manuscrit. Enfin, les diverses optimisations qui ontété réalisées sur Ba4YMn3O11,5±δ, pour tenter d’améliorer ces propriétés diélectriques, serons évoquées.Nous détaillerons dans cette dernière partie les substitutions ayant été réalisées sur le sitedu baryum et du manganèse, ainsi que la création d’une phase possédant un cation différent del’actuel yttrium et présentant également des propriétés diélectriques très intéressantes. / The problem of ceramic capacitors with very high performance is recurrent in many areas ofElectrical Energy. It takes all its acuteness in « nomadic » microelectronics (cell phone, tablet, mp3player...) where the circuits must be increasingly miniaturized. These capacitors can take up to50 % of the space on the PCB, reducing their size becomes an imperative. In this context newmaterials with colossal permittivity were discovered, such CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO). The mechanismIBLC (Internal Barrier Layer Capacitance), describing semiconductor grains and insulating grainboundaries can now explain these high permittivities. However, the origin of the semiconductivitygrains and the insulating character of grain boundaries give even controversial. The aim is thus twofold,on one hand to synthesize a material possessing similar dielectric properties to CCTO, and onthe other hand to understand the various mechanisms responsible for these exceptional permittivity.The first part of this thesis presents various characteristics of capacitors uses, it also aims to listthe mechanisms that have been proposed by the scientific community to try to explain the highpermittivity of CCTO. The second part presents firstly the characterization techniques whichwere used to analyze all the compounds described in this manuscript, with particular emphasison impedance spectroscopy. It presents on the other hand synthesis techniques that have beentried to synthesize a new material with colossal permittivity : Ba4YMn3O11,5±δ. Structural andmicro-structural characterizations of Ba4YMn3O11,5±δ will be discussed in the third part to themanuscript. Finally, the various optimizations that were performed on Ba4YMn3O11,5±δ, to try toimprove the dielectric properties, will be discussed. We detail in this last part substitutions havingbeen made on the site of barium and manganese and the creation of a phase having a differentcation in the present yttrium site and having dielectric properties very interesting also.