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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

AvaliaÃÃo do Impacto das MudanÃas ClimÃticas na Oferta HÃdrica da Bacia HidrogrÃfica do ReservatÃrio Ãros usando os Modelos de MudanÃas ClimÃticas do IPCC-AR4, levando em ConsideraÃÃo as Diversas Incertezas Associadas / Evaluation of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Supply Watershed Reservoir Models using Ãros Climate Change IPCC-AR4, taking into consideration the Various Uncertainties Associated

Wescley de Sousa Fernandes 21 June 2012 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / No presente trabalho as projeÃÃes de vazÃes para a bacia do Ãros (CearÃ) foram obtidas usando as precipitaÃÃes dos modelos globais do quarto relatÃrio do Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR4) para o perÃodo de 2010 a 2099 do cenÃrio A1B. As vazÃes foram geradas pelo modelo hidrolÃgico Soil Moisture Account Procedure (SMAP). Para a obtenÃÃo destas, as precipitaÃÃes foram corrigidas estatisticamente a partir dos dados observados, considerando as sÃries distribuiÃÃes do tipo gama. Quanto à evaporaÃÃo de entrada do modelo chuva-vazÃo foram feitas duas consideraÃÃes, a primeira consideraÃÃo utiliza vazÃes obtidas pelo modelo hidrolÃgico SMAP inicializado com evaporaÃÃo fornecidas pelo INMET e a segunda considera que a inicializaÃÃo foi feita por evaporaÃÃes estimadas pelo mÃtodo de Penann Mothieth. Para a anÃlise das variaÃÃes interanuais foram observadas as caracterÃsticas de tendÃncias das sÃries (usando mÃtodo clÃssico de Mann-Kendall-Sen) nos padrÃes de variaÃÃo (anÃlise da mÃdia e do coeficiente de variaÃÃo da sÃrie) e a anÃlise de extremos (comparaÃÃo das curvas de distribuiÃÃo acumulada do sÃculo XX e XXI). Para anÃlise sazonal considerou-se a anomalia na climatologia mÃdia dos modelos do sÃculo XXI em relaÃÃo ao sÃculo XX. Para a anÃlise interanual foi observado que a inicializaÃÃo do modelo hidrolÃgico SMAP com evaporaÃÃes estimadas pelo mÃtodo de Penann Motheith modificado pode surgir como implementaÃÃo para o teste de hipÃtese de Mann Kendall Sen. O calculo do coeficiente de variaÃÃo demonstrou que apesar da pouca divergÃncia quanto a ocorrÃncia de variabilidade, tratando-se de sÃries de vazÃes obtidas pelo SMAP inicializado com evaporaÃÃes estimadas, as rodadas dos modelos MIROC3_2_MEDRES relatou aumentos de variabilidade para o sÃculo XXI em relaÃÃo ao sÃculo XX. Quando a inicializaÃÃo no SMAP ocorre por meio de evaporaÃÃes fornecidas pelo INMET ocorre uma grande diversificaÃÃo nos valores de variabilidade. Ainda na anÃlise interanual, a curva de funÃÃo de distribuiÃÃo acumulada (CDF) demonstrou que dos 8 modelos analisados (modelos inicializados com evaporaÃÃes estimadas pelo mÃtodo de Penann-Motheith modificado) 3 apresentam maior freqÃÃncia de eventos secos, 3 apresentam uma freqÃÃncia de eventos mais Ãmidos e 2 modelos nÃo apresentando anÃlises significativas aproximando-se da curva gerada pela sÃrie de vazÃo observada. Quanto à anÃlise sazonal das vazÃes à observado que quando se utiliza o mÃtodo de Penann Motheith modificado para evaporaÃÃo (na inicializaÃÃo do SMAP) os valores de vazÃes tornam-se menores do que os valores obtidos por sÃries geradas pelo modelo hidrolÃgico inicializado com evaporaÃÃes fornecidas pelo INMET, relacionando o sÃculo XXI com o sÃculo XX. / In the present work flow projections for the basin Ãros (CearÃ) were obtained using the precipitation of global models of the fourth report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR4) for the period 2010 to 2099 the A1B scenario. The flows were generated by the hydrologic model Soil Moisture Account Procedure (SMAP). To obtain these, the precipitations were statistically corrected from the observed data, considering the distributions of the type series range. The evaporation model input rainfall-runoff were two considerations, the first consideration obtained by using flow hydrologic model initialized with SMAP evaporation provided by INMET and considers that the second boot occur by evaporation estimated by the method of Penann Mothieth. For the analysis of interannual variations were observed the characteristics of trends of the series (using the classical method of Mann-Kendall-Sen), the changing patterns of variation (analysis of the mean and coefficient of variation of the series) and the analysis of extremes (compared cumulative distribution curves of the twentieth century and XXI). For seasonal analysis considered the climate anomaly in the middle of the XXI century models over the twentieth century. For analysis it was observed that interannual hydrologic model initialization SMAP with evaporation estimated by the modified Penann Motheith can arise as an implementation for the hypothesis test of Mann Kendall Sen. The calculation of the coefficient of variation showed that despite the short confrontation over the occurrence of variability, in the case of streamflow series obtained by SMAP initialized with estimated evaporation, the rounds of the models MIROC3_2_MEDRES reported increases in variability for the XXI century in relation to the twentieth century. When booting into SMAP occurs through evaporation provided by INMET is a great diversification in the values of variability. Although the interannual analysis, the curve of cumulative distribution function (CDF) showed that eight of the analyzed models (models initialized with evaporation estimated by the method of Penann Motheith-modified) 3 have a higher frequency of dry events, have a third event frequency wet and two models showing no meaningful analyzes approaching the curve generated by the series of observed flows. As for seasonal analysis of the flow is observed that when using the method of Penann Motheith modified to evaporation (initialization SMAP) values of flow rates become smaller than the values obtained by series generated by the hydrologic model initialized with evaporation provided by INMET , relating the new century, the twentieth century.

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