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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Análise de agrupamento para classificação de fontes usadas na braquiterapia intravascular

CABRAL, Moacy Vasconcelos 28 February 2008 (has links)
Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-08T15:17:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Moacy Vasconcelos Cabral.pdf: 608103 bytes, checksum: 99d5c81824432310afaa742f16c76e41 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T15:17:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moacy Vasconcelos Cabral.pdf: 608103 bytes, checksum: 99d5c81824432310afaa742f16c76e41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / There are several factors that are responsible for the most deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases, which are growing in almost all countries of the world. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the one that occurs with the greatest extent, originating from the partial or total occlusion of one or more coronary arteries – the atherosclerosis. Throughout the years, various techniques were implemented to diagnose as well as to treat coronary diseases. In the search for a better quality of life and a less invasive treatment than the traditional surgeries for myocardial revascularization, angioplasty is applicable. Unfortunately, around 30% of the patients treated with angioplasty, in a period of just six months, come back to treatment due to restenosis – a reoccurrence of the narrowing or blockage in the blood vessel. Nowadays, Intravascular Brachytherapy – a technique with intravenous radiation – is the method of choice as it handles this phase in a satisfactory way, for it is observed the receding of the proliferative metabolism of restenosis. Thus, with the aim for radiological protection of both patients and professionals involved in the therapy, the distribution of doses for the monoenergetic electrons and photons were calculated for blood vessels of 4.5, 3.0 and 1.5 mm of diameter in several sources, using the MCNP4B code. In this context, the goal of this work was to classify theradioactive sources used in Intravascular Brachytherapy by employing Cluster Analyses with related dendograms and Cophenetic Correlation Coefficients. The results showed that the hierarchical techniques were effective in the classification of the electron-emitting radioactive sources (Cophenetic Correlation Coefficients varied from 0.81 to 0.99), whereas for the photons these techniques were not satisfactory (Cophenetic Correlation Coefficients varied from 0.64 to 0.78). / Existem vários fatores que são responsáveis pela grande maioria das mortes causadas por doenças cardiovasculares as quais são crescente em quase todos os países do mundo, sendo o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) a que ocorre com maior destaque, oriundo de oclusão parcial ou total de uma ou mais artérias coronárias (a aterosclerose). Atualmente, vêm sendo aplicadas diversas técnicas tanto para diagnosticar quanto para tratar a doença coronariana. Buscando uma melhor qualidade de vida e um tratamento menos invasivo do que as tradicionais cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio, emprega-se a angioplastia coronária. Lamentavelmente, em torno de 30% dos pacientes tratados por angioplastia, em um período de apenas seis meses, voltam ao médico devido à reestenose (reestreitamento da artéria). Recentemente, a braquiterapia intravascular (terapia com radiação intravaso) vem sendo bastante útil no retardo do metabolismo proliferativo da reestenose. Dessa forma, visando à proteção radiológica dos pacientes e profissionais envolvidos nesta terapia, cálculos de dose foram realizados em vasos sanguíneos de 4,5, 3,0 e 1,5 mm de diâmetro para diversas fontes de radiação,usando o código MCNP4B. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de classificar fontes radioativas usadas na Braquiterapia Intravascular utilizando a análise de agrupamento, por meio de dendograma e Correlação Cofenética associados. Os resultados mostraram que as técnicas hierárquicas foram eficientes na classificação das fontes radioativas emissoras de elétrons (as Correlações Cofenéticas variaram de 0,81 a 0,99), enquanto que para os fótons essas técnicas não foram satisfatórias (as Correlações Cofenéticas variaram de 0,64 a 0,78).

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