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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Metabolismo de carboidratos da espécie amazônica Senna reticulata sob cultivo em alto CO2 / Carbohydrate metabolism of the amazonian tree Senna reticulata under elevated CO2

Arenque, Bruna Cersózimo 01 June 2010 (has links)
Plantas típicas de regiões alagáveis tendem a apresentar diversas estratégias morfológicas e fisiológicas a fim de otimizar as chances de sobrevivência nestes ambientes. Um dos principais mecanismos, porém menos estudados, é a plasticidade encontrada no metabolismo de carboidratos que está diretamente ligado a alta demanda energética inerente a estes locais. Senna reticulata (Leguminosae) é uma espécie pioneira típica de planícies sujeitas ao regime anual de inundação da Amazônia Central, considerada uma das mais eficientes colonizadoras destes ambientes, além de extremamente tolerante ao alagamento. Neste trabalho, pela primeira vez foram caracterizados os padrões de reserva e de mobilização de açúcares desta espécie no período que corresponde ao seu estabelecimento no início da sua primeira fase terrestre. Adicionalmente o efeito da elevada concentração de gás carbônico foi verificada cultivando-se as plantas em câmaras de topo aberto (OTCs) em concentrações de CO2 ambiente (~380 µmol) e elevado (~760 µmol). Foram realizadas coletas destrutivas para análises de conteúdo de carboidratos não estruturais ao longo de 90 dias e ao longo de 24 horas. Foi verificado que S. reticulata possui altos níveis de amido foliar indicando que essa reserva pode estar diretamente relacionada a estratégia de constante produções de novas folhas que esta espécie apresenta. As razões sacarose:monossacarídeos se apresentaram altas em todos os órgãos analisados especialmente na raiz indicando que esta espécie pode apresentar estratégias metabólicas relacionadas também a estação seca pois além da sacarose poder ser utilizada como principal substrato na formação de raízes adventícias em condições de alagamento, também pode ser útil na regulação osmótica da raiz em locais com solos que apresentam baixa disponibilidade hídrica. A elevada concentração de gás carbônico promoveu um aumento significativo das reservas de amido na folha e no caule além de diminuir a taxa de degradação de amido transitório durante o período noturno. As concentrações de açúcares solúveis (glicose, frutose e sacarose) apresentaram tendência de diminuição sob condições de atmosfera enriquecida provavelmente devido à maior utilização dos mesmos para o crescimento da raiz. Este conjunto de respostas indica que essa espécie responde de forma positiva a elevada concentração de gás carbônico utilizando-se de possíveis mecanismos que diminuem a sinalização mediada por açúcares como, por exemplo, a habilidade de aumentar a capacidade de seus drenos já existentes, promovendo a mobilização do excesso de carboidratos para reservas e crescimento. / Plants of floodplains tend to show many morphological and physiological strategies to get higher survival rates in this places. One of them but with received less attention is the plasticity showed by carbohydrate metabolism that is directly linked to high energy demand at this sites. Senna reticulata (Leguminosae) is a pioneer tree which is common in floodplains sites submitted to an annual pulse of flooding at Central Amazonian and one of the most efficient colonizers at this sites besides extremely flooding tolerant. In this work by the first time was made the characterization about reserves and mobilizations patterns of sugars on the time range that corresponding to the establishment at the initial first terrestrial phase. Additionally, the effect of high CO2 was checked by growing plants in Open-Top-Chambers (OTC´s) with ambient (~380 µmol) and elevated (~760 µmol) CO2 concentrations. It was made systematic harvests along periods of 24 hours and 90 days to determinate the carbohydrate non-structural content. It was founded that S. reticulata had higher levels of starch in leaves showing evidences that this reserve is directly linked with constantly production of new leaves strategy. The ratio sucrose:monosaccharides was high in all organs but specially in roots showing evidences that this specie has metabolic strategies also related with drought periods because besides sucrose could be used as the aim substrate to adventitious root formation at flooding conditions and can be useful too on the osmotic regulation of roots in sites with low moisture content soil. The high levels of carbon dioxide promote significative increase of starch in leaves and stem besides decrease the degradation rate of transitory starch in leaves in the dark period. The levels of soluble sugars (glucose, frutose and sucrose) showed tendency of decrease under high CO2 conditions probably due to higher use in root growth. This set of answers evidence that this tree has positively response to high CO2 useful by possible mechanisms that decrease the signaling through sugars like for example the big abiliity of increase capacity of preexistents sinks to promoting the surplus carbohydrates mobilization to reserves and growth.
2

The reproductive and physiological condition of a deep-sea mussel (Bathymodiolus septemdierum Hashimoto & Okutani, 1994) living in extremely acidic conditions

Rossi, Giulia 02 December 2016 (has links)
Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is causing wholesale shifts seawater carbonate chemistry towards a state of decreased carbonate ion concentration and reduced ocean pH. This change in water chemistry has potentially dire implications for marine organisms, especially those that build and maintain calcium carbonate structures. Our understanding of how ocean acidification may affect marine organisms is limited, as most studies have been short-term laboratory experiments. The CO2 flux from hydrothermal vent fluids on NW Eifuku submarine volcano (Mariana Volcanic Arc) provides a natural setting to investigate the effects of acidification. Here, the vent mussel, Bathymodiolus septemdierum, lives in water with pH as low as 5.22. This study was designed to examine the consequences of a low pH environment on reproduction, calcification and somatic growth in B. septemdierum, since the presumed elevated cost of acid-base regulation may diminish available energy for these processes. Histological analysis reveals both females and males display synchronous gametogenesis across collection sites with spawning occurring between late winter and early spring. Mussels are functionally dioecious, although evidence of protogynous hermaphroditism was found– a first record for the genus. In comparison with mussels at near normal pH, we find no evidence that the pattern of gametogenesis is affected by low pH conditions. However, calcification is compromised: at a given shell volume, shells from NW Eifuku weigh about half those from sites with near normal pH mussels. The condition index (CI = body ash free dry weight/ shell volume) was assessed in mussels collected from four low pH sites on Northwest Eifuku and two control sites from Lau Basin and Nifonea Ridge; we show that low pH conditions negatively affect CI, especially when energy availability is limited. Bathymodiolus septemdierum acquires energy from chemoautotrophic symbionts in the specialized gill epithelial cells. Using a gill condition index (GCI = gill ash free dry weight/ shell volume) and transmission electron microscopy to determine symbiont abundances in gill tissues, we show that NW Eifuku mussels with healthy gills and abundant symbionts have a higher CI than mussels from NW Eifuku with unhealthy gills. Optimal environmental sulphide concentrations appear to sustain higher symbiont abundances. While the survival of mussels on NW Eifuku is remarkable, it can come at a considerable cost to body and shell condition when during periods of energy limitation. Bathymodiolus septemdierum shows substantial resilience to low pH conditions when energy availability is sufficient due to energy budget adjustments that maximize fitness. / Graduate / 0329, 0472, 0416
3

Metabolismo de carboidratos da espécie amazônica Senna reticulata sob cultivo em alto CO2 / Carbohydrate metabolism of the amazonian tree Senna reticulata under elevated CO2

Bruna Cersózimo Arenque 01 June 2010 (has links)
Plantas típicas de regiões alagáveis tendem a apresentar diversas estratégias morfológicas e fisiológicas a fim de otimizar as chances de sobrevivência nestes ambientes. Um dos principais mecanismos, porém menos estudados, é a plasticidade encontrada no metabolismo de carboidratos que está diretamente ligado a alta demanda energética inerente a estes locais. Senna reticulata (Leguminosae) é uma espécie pioneira típica de planícies sujeitas ao regime anual de inundação da Amazônia Central, considerada uma das mais eficientes colonizadoras destes ambientes, além de extremamente tolerante ao alagamento. Neste trabalho, pela primeira vez foram caracterizados os padrões de reserva e de mobilização de açúcares desta espécie no período que corresponde ao seu estabelecimento no início da sua primeira fase terrestre. Adicionalmente o efeito da elevada concentração de gás carbônico foi verificada cultivando-se as plantas em câmaras de topo aberto (OTCs) em concentrações de CO2 ambiente (~380 µmol) e elevado (~760 µmol). Foram realizadas coletas destrutivas para análises de conteúdo de carboidratos não estruturais ao longo de 90 dias e ao longo de 24 horas. Foi verificado que S. reticulata possui altos níveis de amido foliar indicando que essa reserva pode estar diretamente relacionada a estratégia de constante produções de novas folhas que esta espécie apresenta. As razões sacarose:monossacarídeos se apresentaram altas em todos os órgãos analisados especialmente na raiz indicando que esta espécie pode apresentar estratégias metabólicas relacionadas também a estação seca pois além da sacarose poder ser utilizada como principal substrato na formação de raízes adventícias em condições de alagamento, também pode ser útil na regulação osmótica da raiz em locais com solos que apresentam baixa disponibilidade hídrica. A elevada concentração de gás carbônico promoveu um aumento significativo das reservas de amido na folha e no caule além de diminuir a taxa de degradação de amido transitório durante o período noturno. As concentrações de açúcares solúveis (glicose, frutose e sacarose) apresentaram tendência de diminuição sob condições de atmosfera enriquecida provavelmente devido à maior utilização dos mesmos para o crescimento da raiz. Este conjunto de respostas indica que essa espécie responde de forma positiva a elevada concentração de gás carbônico utilizando-se de possíveis mecanismos que diminuem a sinalização mediada por açúcares como, por exemplo, a habilidade de aumentar a capacidade de seus drenos já existentes, promovendo a mobilização do excesso de carboidratos para reservas e crescimento. / Plants of floodplains tend to show many morphological and physiological strategies to get higher survival rates in this places. One of them but with received less attention is the plasticity showed by carbohydrate metabolism that is directly linked to high energy demand at this sites. Senna reticulata (Leguminosae) is a pioneer tree which is common in floodplains sites submitted to an annual pulse of flooding at Central Amazonian and one of the most efficient colonizers at this sites besides extremely flooding tolerant. In this work by the first time was made the characterization about reserves and mobilizations patterns of sugars on the time range that corresponding to the establishment at the initial first terrestrial phase. Additionally, the effect of high CO2 was checked by growing plants in Open-Top-Chambers (OTC´s) with ambient (~380 µmol) and elevated (~760 µmol) CO2 concentrations. It was made systematic harvests along periods of 24 hours and 90 days to determinate the carbohydrate non-structural content. It was founded that S. reticulata had higher levels of starch in leaves showing evidences that this reserve is directly linked with constantly production of new leaves strategy. The ratio sucrose:monosaccharides was high in all organs but specially in roots showing evidences that this specie has metabolic strategies also related with drought periods because besides sucrose could be used as the aim substrate to adventitious root formation at flooding conditions and can be useful too on the osmotic regulation of roots in sites with low moisture content soil. The high levels of carbon dioxide promote significative increase of starch in leaves and stem besides decrease the degradation rate of transitory starch in leaves in the dark period. The levels of soluble sugars (glucose, frutose and sucrose) showed tendency of decrease under high CO2 conditions probably due to higher use in root growth. This set of answers evidence that this tree has positively response to high CO2 useful by possible mechanisms that decrease the signaling through sugars like for example the big abiliity of increase capacity of preexistents sinks to promoting the surplus carbohydrates mobilization to reserves and growth.
4

A calcium-binding protein CAS regulates the CO2-concentrating mechanism in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / 緑藻クラミドモナスにおいてカルシウム結合タンパク質CASはCO2濃縮機構を制御する

Wang, Lianyong 23 January 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第20099号 / 生博第359号 / 新制||生||47(附属図書館) / 33215 / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科統合生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 福澤 秀哉, 教授 佐藤 文彦, 教授 河内 孝之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM
5

The Effect of Turbulent Flow on Corrosion of Mild Steel in High Partial CO<sub>2</sub> Environments

Mohammed Nor, Azmi 10 June 2013 (has links)
No description available.

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