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The urbanized congregate housing and commercial buildings have long developed towards the super high-rise, enlarged and complex composition. The application, identification, usage and administration of such buildings are more complicated than general buildings; so too the fire facilities, organization, training, operation and management. Such tendency of development on super high-rise and large buildings is evident everywhere in various cities. In the area of fire prevention, there will be greater challenges. The general public remains ignorant about disaster prevention, while government authorities do not integrate and enhance regulation on categorization and identification of construction for super high-rise buildings with different applications and scales. Without accumulating our capabilities for fire prevention, it is likely incur the loss of countless lives and property in general buildings when disaster occurs. Since the implementation of the fire administration system in Taiwan from 1995, certain results have been achieved and further development is expected. However, it is found from literature review and questionnaire of this study that there are still many improvements to be made. Among numerous problems, ¡§Human negligence¡¨ covers most of the cases, which also verifies the perspective discussed in the study that ¡§people¡¨ are the keys to fire administration. Therefore, it is deemed in this study that in a super high-rise composite (general super high-rise), the caretaker, fire administrator, mutual fire administrator, professional building administration (security) company and various fire squads be the key persons to promote fire administration. Whether it is the administrational obligation of fire safety or fire rescue, the abovementioned units must link, cooperate and integrate with each other to form a group, so the capability of administrating fire safety of each super high-rise building can be controlled adequately. From various problems witnessed in this study, the following strategies are drafted to correspond with administration, which is expected to integrate the administrational level of fire safety. Under well mechanism of administration, the capacity of fire prevention can be reflected for reducing fire accidents to minimum: 1. Enhance administrative obligation and command mechanism of fire prevention for composite super high-rise buildings. 2. Establish administrative capability of fire prevention from professional building administration (security) company. 3. Regulate the categorization and identification of construction for super high-rise buildings with different applications and scales. 4. Integrate the capacity of fire prevention, operation in fire field and building¡¦s disaster prevention for unified correspondence. 5. Request the government to promote publication and incentive system for information on administration and examination of fire safety.

An important element in the building fire safety of high-rise buildings in Hong Kong since 1996 has been the use of refuge floors in the building's evacuation system. To prevent smoke collecting and remaining in the refuge floors, the Building Code of Hong Kong requires these floors to have openings on opposite sides to provide adequate wind-induced ventilation. Other researchers using CFD simulations without wind tunnel verification have indicated that under certain conditions smoke could still remain on these floors and thereby reducing the fire safety of the refuge floors. This thesis explores these situations and presents a detailed scientific investigation of the wind movement in and around a refuge floor at mid-height of a high-rise building using wind tunnel testing together with CFD simulations (using CFD CFX-5.6 package). Besides identifying problem areas for smoke logging, this thesis also identifies how the design of a refuge floor can be modified to improve its fire safety. A significant factor on the fire safety of a refuge floor is the blocking effect of the building's central core and its effect on the wind-induced ventilation. Under Hong Kong Building Code, the central core can occupy up to 50% of the refuge floor. Previous investigators did not take into consideration the effect of the maximum core size on natural ventilation of the refuge floor. This thesis investigates the worst case scenario for a refuge floor that has a core occupying 50% of the floor and has two solid walls on opposite side of the floor to identify the problem areas where smoke could collect and remain. In exploring the worst case scenario with two parallel solid walls, the investigations revealed that the ceiling height and the wind direction have a significant effect on the wind ventilation of the refuge floor. These factors were not identified by previous investigators. In the case of the ceiling height, it was found that the head height of the refuge floor should be greater than 0.02 times the building height to achieve the desirable wind environment on the refuge floor. Regarding wind directions, the wind from most angles escapes the floor via the channel-like corridors next to the central core of the building. The main problem area occurred when the wind was perpendicular to the solid side walls. This resulted in noticeable stagnant areas where smoke could remain. To validate the CFD method used in the thesis, wind tunnel experiments were performed to provide the scientific field velocity data of wind flowing over the building and in the refuge floor located at mid-height of the building. Earlier researchers of the refuge floor did not have access to wind tunnel data of a refuge floor. In comparing the wind tunnel experiments with the CFD simulations used in the thesis, acceptable agreement was achieved. These results make it possible for a significant reduction in the CFD computational effort that previous studies required. Based on the findings of the investigations undertaken, design recommendations are proposed to improve the fire safety of the refuge floor in multistorey buildings in Hong Kong.

The ecological design considerations are focusing on the built environment and the living process of the building. It considering the environment impact in designing building, and integrating ecological responsive design methods. While the traditional Chinese building shared the same design philosophy. Our ancestors are really concerning the connection between their living space with the broader environment, not only in the time they occupying the building, but also when they construct and demolish it. They use the word "harmony" to describe this relationship with the environment, and consider it as the high-quality pursuit of life. Wooden building has been a major building type in China for thousands of years, however, over 40 thousand traditional Chinese building has been demolished in the past 30 years, most of them are wooden buildings. Since the steel, concrete and other emerging materials has become the major materials for the modern building, wooden building seems to step down from the stage of history. Not until in recent years, wooden building come into people’s view again, it’s increasingly appeared in all over the world and take part in a major role in mordent architecture. Since the wood is a sustainable and renewable building material, and a good carbon sink, it is more environmental friendly than steel, concrete or some other building materials. The wooden building has a great potential to discover its ecological benefits and as a carrier of traditional Chinese culture. In seeking the development of wood as a building material, and the future of sustainable buildings, I integrate the theory with practice that human population is growing rapidly, the high-rise wooden building might be a best solution for this quest. I expect to explore the application of wood in high rise building’s envelope and structure, integrate the wood with other material to expand its performance, emotionally and reality connect the traditional Chinese culture and people’s memory of the land to the present day.

abstract: Buildings and other structures, all components and cladding thereof, shall be designed and constructed to resist the wind loads are required in all wind codes. Simple quasi-static treatment of wind loads, which is universally applied to design of low to medium-rise structures, can be either overly conservative or erroneous under-estimated for design of high-rise structures. Dynamic response, vortex, wind directionality, and shedding from other structures are all complicated key factors suppose to be considered in design. Meanwhile, wind tunnel testing is expansive, difficult and sometimes inaccurate even if it is a widely used method in simulation of aerodynamic response. Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD), historically, were two-dimensional (2D) method using conformal transformations of the flow about a cylinder to the flow about an airfoil were developed in the 1930s. A number of three-dimensional (3D) codes were developed, leading to numerous commercial packages, which is more accessible and economical for wind load analysis. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil and Environmental Engineering 2014

In this study is designed high-rise object in Brno in the city part called Veveří. These propose is divided for two high-rise towers of hight 177 a 57 meters, which continue on next door high-rise building of office centre Šumavská. These objects are connected each other with glass neck. This high-rise building is designed like creative centre, which associate different kinds of art directions in one object, in combination with living and vertical gallery. In each storey is variable space for studios, workshops a offices, in undeground storey is designed parking. Main object si divided over to whole height with strips and windows, what supports verticality of this object. Second tower is designed like minimalistic soliter with perforated facade in gold color.

The purpose of this thesis is to create basic design guidance for tall buildings and their aerodynamic modifications as a resource for architects, engineers, developers, and students. It aims to make a contribution to and strengthen particularly the architect&amp / #8217 / s understanding of tall building design, that requires a high level of interdisciplinary approach, by providing a broad overview of the tall building with its general concepts / to demonstrate the importance of human element as a critical component in the design of tall building by clarifying the wind forces and resulting movements which cause discomfort to building occupants and create serious serviceability issues / and to show the significance of aerodynamic modifications as an effective design approach in terms of mitigating wind excitation. In order to achieve these purposes, firstly, a comprehensive literature survey, which includes the definition, emergence and historical background, basic planning and design parameters, and lateral load considerations of tall buildings is presented. Following a structural classification of the tall buildings, wind excitation, its negative effects on occupant comfort and serviceabilty issues, and the methods to control wind excitation are studied. Finally, the significance of aerodynamic modifications against wind excitation, which include modifications of building&amp / #8217 / s cross-sectional shape and its corner geometry, sculptured building tops, horizontal and vertical openings through-building, are presented from the scholarship on this topic.

Buildings and other infrastructures located in the coastal regions of the US have a higher level of wind vulnerability. Reducing the increasing property losses and causalities associated with severe windstorms has been the central research focus of the wind engineering community. The present wind engineering toolbox consists of building codes and standards, laboratory experiments, and field measurements. The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 7 standard provides wind loads only for buildings with common shapes. For complex cases it refers to physical modeling. Although this option can be economically viable for large projects, it is not cost-effective for low-rise residential houses. To circumvent these limitations, a numerical approach based on the techniques of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been developed. The recent advance in computing technology and significant developments in turbulence modeling is making numerical evaluation of wind effects a more affordable approach. The present study targeted those cases that are not addressed by the standards. These include wind loads on complex roofs for low-rise buildings, aerodynamics of tall buildings, and effects of complex surrounding buildings. Among all the turbulence models investigated, the large eddy simulation (LES) model performed the best in predicting wind loads. The application of a spatially evolving time-dependent wind velocity field with the relevant turbulence structures at the inlet boundaries was found to be essential. All the results were compared and validated with experimental data. The study also revealed CFD’s unique flow visualization and aerodynamic data generation capabilities along with a better understanding of the complex three-dimensional aerodynamics of wind-structure interactions. With the proper modeling that realistically represents the actual turbulent atmospheric boundary layer flow, CFD can offer an economical alternative to the existing wind engineering tools. CFD’s easy accessibility is expected to transform the practice of structural design for wind, resulting in more wind-resilient and sustainable systems by encouraging optimal aerodynamic and sustainable structural/building design. Thus, this method will help ensure public safety and reduce economic losses due to wind perils.

The subject of the diploma thesis is an architectural study, proposing a high-rise building in the city of Brno, located at the intersection of Veveří and Šumavská street. The building is designed as a Creative center, bringing together all the creative professions. To present the art to the general public is proposed a Gallery as an important part of the project. The building height is 143,2 meter with a cubic shape and minimalist facade. A part of the proposal is a an exterior exhibition space.

The study solves the reconstruction and extension department store called Centrum, which is located in the city center of Brno.It is designed by the famous Czech architect Vladimír Karfík. The building was designed as a skyscraper, unfortunately, was built only 8 floors. The proposal for the reconstruction of the floors, where there will be placed services for public, then will be build the superstructure of 7 floors, where will be the apartments. The interpretation of facade design to back the idea of original horizontality.