Cette thèse s'intéresse à la vérification de systèmes automatisables par model-checking. La question sous-jacente autour de laquelle se construit la contribution est la recherche d'un compromis entre différents objectifs potentiellement contradictoires : la décidabilité des systèmes à vérifier, l'expressivité des formalismes de modélisation, l'efficacité de la vérification, et la certification des outils utilisés. Dans ce but, on choisit de baser la modélisation sur des réseaux de Petri annotés par des langages de programmation réels. Cela implique la semi-décidabilité de la plupart des questions puisque la responsabilité de la terminaison est remise entre les mains du modélisateur (tout comme la terminaison des programmes est de la responsabilité du programmeur). Afin d'exploiter efficacement ces annotations, on choisit ensuite une approche de compilation de modèle qui permet de générer des programmes efficaces dans le langage des annotations, qui sont alors exécutées de la manière la plus efficace. De plus, la compilation est optimisée en tirant partie des spécificités de chaque modèle et nous utilisons l'approche de model-checking explicite qui autorise cette richesse d'annotations tout en facilitant le diagnostique et en restant compatible avec la simulation (les modèles compilés peuvent servir à de la simulation efficace). Enfin, pour combattre l'explosion combinatoire, nous utilisons des techniques de réductions de symétries qui permettent de réduire les temps d'exploration et l'espace mémoire nécessaire. / This work focuses on verification of automated systems using model-checking techniques. We focus on a compromise between potentially contradictory goals: decidability of systems to be verified, expressivity of modeling formalisms, efficiency of verification, and certification of used tools. To do so, we use high level Petri nets annotated by real programming languages. This implies the semi-decidability of most of problems because termination is left to the modeler (like termination of programs is left to the programmer). To handle these models, we choose a compilation approach which produces programs in the model annotation language, this allows to execute them efficiently. Moreover, this compilation is optimizing using model peculiarities. However, this rich expressivity leads to the use of explicit model-checking which allows to have rich model annotations but also allows to easily recover errors from verification, and remains compatible with simulation (these compiled models can be used for efficient simulation). Finally, to tackle the state space explosion problem, we use reduction by symmetries techniques which allow to reduce exploration times and state spaces.

Thesis focuses on interpretation of nested petri nets described in PNML language on Atmel processors. It introduces this limited - from memory capacity and perfomance point of views - targeted architecture, since it greatly affected both design and implementation. The interpreter is thouroughly described from all aspects of its design. One of most important concerns in the whole process was the ability to test and verify achieved state of functionality quickly and possibly without Atmel processor. That’s why the implentation took place on a squeak platform, that allowed to translate whole interpreter for targeted platform. Motivation behind this and overall process of translation is also a subject of this work.

The main part in the testing of the software is in the generation of test cases suitable for software system testing. The quality of the test cases plays a major role in reducing the time of software system testing and subsequently reduces the cost. The test cases, in model de- sign stages, are used to detect the faults before implementing it. This early detection offers more flexibility to correct the faults in early stages rather than latter ones. The best of these tests, that covers both static and dynamic software system model specifications, is one of the chal- lenges in the software testing. The static and dynamic specifications could be represented efficiently by Unified Modelling Language (UML) class diagram and sequence diagram. The work in this thesis shows that High Level Petri Nets (HLPN) can represent both of them in one model. Using a proper model in the representation of the software specifications is essential to generate proper test cases. The research presented in this thesis introduces novel and automated test cases generation techniques that can be used within a software sys- tem design testing. Furthermore, this research introduces e cient au- tomated technique to generate a formal software system model (HLPN) from semi-formal models (UML diagrams). The work in this thesis con- sists of four stages: (1) generating test cases from class diagram and Object Constraint Language (OCL) that can be used for testing the software system static specifications (the structure) (2) combining class diagram, sequence diagram and OCL to generate test cases able to cover both static and dynamic specifications (3) generating HLPN automat- ically from single or multi sequence diagrams (4) generating test cases from HLPN. The test cases that are generated in this work covered the structural and behavioural of the software system model. In first two phases of this work, the class diagram and sequence diagram are decomposed to nodes (edges) which are linked by Classes Hierarchy Table (CHu) and Edges Relationships Table (ERT) as well. The linking process based on the classes and edges relationships. The relationships of the software system components have been controlled by consistency checking technique, and the detection of these relationships has been automated. The test cases were generated based on these interrelationships. These test cases have been reduced to a minimum number and the best test case has been selected in every stage. The degree of similarity between test cases is used to ignore the similar test cases in order to avoid the redundancy. The transformation from UML sequence diagram (s) to HLPN facilitates the simpli cation of software system model and introduces formal model rather than semi-formal one. After decomposing the sequence diagram to Combined Fragments, the proposed technique converts each Combined Fragment to the corresponding block in HLPN. These blocks are con- nected together in Combined Fragments Net (CFN) to construct the the HLPN model. The experimentations with the proposed techniques show the effectiveness of these techniques in covering most of the software system specifications.

Les systèmes de production manufacturiers sont une classe des systèmes à événements discrets. Leur taille nécessite de distribuer le logiciel de contrôle sur une architecture industrielle de plusieurs ordinateurs reliés en réseau. Dans ce contexte, il devient essentiel d'être capable d'évaluer l'impact d'une architecture réseau spécifique sur les services des systèmes manufacturiers en termes de la performance et la qualité. Les performances du réseau sous-jacent peuvent notamment nuire à la productivité du système. Dans la méthodologie traditionnelle proposée dans la littérature, cet aspect n'est pas pris en compte au niveau conception. Cependant, la modélisation de tels systèmes est importante pour vérifier certaines propriétés. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche de modélisation par composants à l’aide des réseaux de Petri haut niveau pour la modélisation de certains protocoles de réseaux afin d'évaluer les systèmes manufacturiers comme étant des systèmes distribués. La sélection des réseaux de Petri est justifiée par leur pouvoir d'expression en ce qui concerne la modélisation des systèmes distribués et concurrents. L’approche par composants permet de diminuer la complexité de la modélisation et encourage la généricité, la modularité et la réutilisabilité des composants prêt-à-utiliser. Cela permet de construire facilement de nouveaux modèles et de réduire les coûts de développement de systèmes. En outre, cela peut aider à une meilleure gestion des services et des protocoles et à changer facilement/modifier un élément du système. Notre modélisation permet enfin d'évaluer ces systèmes par le biais de simulations centralisées / Manufacturing systems belong to the class of distributed discrete event systems. Their size requires distributing the software to control them on architecture of several industrial computers connected by networks. In this context, it becomes crucial to be able to evaluate the impact of a specific architecture on the manufacturing systems services both in terms of performance and quality. The performance of the underlying network can notably affect the productivity of the system. In traditional methodology proposed in literature, this aspect is not taken into account in the design stage. Thus, modeling such systems is important to verify some properties at that stage. In this thesis, we propose a component-based modeling approach with High Level Petri nets based method for modeling some network protocols in order to evaluate the manufacturing systems as being distributed systems. The selection of Petri nets is justified by their expression power with regard to the modeling of distributed and concurrent systems. Component-based approach can decrease modeling complexity and encourages genericity, modularity and reusability of ready-to-use components. This allows building new models easily and reducing the systems development cost. Moreover, this can help in better managing services and protocols and to easily change/modify a system element. Finally, this modeling enables us to evaluate discrete event systems by means of centralized simulations

The main part in the testing of the software is in the generation of test cases suitable for software system testing. The quality of the test cases plays a major role in reducing the time of software system testing and subsequently reduces the cost. The test cases, in model de- sign stages, are used to detect the faults before implementing it. This early detection offers more flexibility to correct the faults in early stages rather than latter ones. The best of these tests, that covers both static and dynamic software system model specifications, is one of the chal- lenges in the software testing. The static and dynamic specifications could be represented efficiently by Unified Modelling Language (UML) class diagram and sequence diagram. The work in this thesis shows that High Level Petri Nets (HLPN) can represent both of them in one model. Using a proper model in the representation of the software specifications is essential to generate proper test cases. The research presented in this thesis introduces novel and automated test cases generation techniques that can be used within a software sys- tem design testing. Furthermore, this research introduces e cient au- tomated technique to generate a formal software system model (HLPN) from semi-formal models (UML diagrams). The work in this thesis con- sists of four stages: (1) generating test cases from class diagram and Object Constraint Language (OCL) that can be used for testing the software system static specifications (the structure) (2) combining class diagram, sequence diagram and OCL to generate test cases able to cover both static and dynamic specifications (3) generating HLPN automat- ically from single or multi sequence diagrams (4) generating test cases from HLPN. The test cases that are generated in this work covered the structural and behavioural of the software system model. In first two phases of this work, the class diagram and sequence diagram are decomposed to nodes (edges) which are linked by Classes Hierarchy Table (CHu) and Edges Relationships Table (ERT) as well. The linking process based on the classes and edges relationships. The relationships of the software system components have been controlled by consistency checking technique, and the detection of these relationships has been automated. The test cases were generated based on these interrelationships. These test cases have been reduced to a minimum number and the best test case has been selected in every stage. The degree of similarity between test cases is used to ignore the similar test cases in order to avoid the redundancy. The transformation from UML sequence diagram (s) to HLPN facilitates the simpli cation of software system model and introduces formal model rather than semi-formal one. After decomposing the sequence diagram to Combined Fragments, the proposed technique converts each Combined Fragment to the corresponding block in HLPN. These blocks are con- nected together in Combined Fragments Net (CFN) to construct the the HLPN model. The experimentations with the proposed techniques show the effectiveness of these techniques in covering most of the software system specifications.

With the introduction of new input devices, such as multi-touch surface displays, the Nintendo WiiMote, the Microsoft Kinect, and the Leap Motion sensor, among others, the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) finds itself at an important crossroads that requires solving new challenges. Given the amount of three-dimensional (3D) data available today, 3D navigation plays an important role in 3D User Interfaces (3DUI). This dissertation deals with multi-touch, 3D navigation, and how users can explore 3D virtual worlds using a multi-touch, non-stereo, desktop display. The contributions of this dissertation include a feature-extraction algorithm for multi-touch displays (FETOUCH), a multi-touch and gyroscope interaction technique (GyroTouch), a theoretical model for multi-touch interaction using high-level Petri Nets (PeNTa), an algorithm to resolve ambiguities in the multi-touch gesture classification process (Yield), a proposed technique for navigational experiments (FaNS), a proposed gesture (Hold-and-Roll), and an experiment prototype for 3D navigation (3DNav). The verification experiment for 3DNav was conducted with 30 human-subjects of both genders. The experiment used the 3DNav prototype to present a pseudo-universe, where each user was required to find five objects using the multi-touch display and five objects using a game controller (GamePad). For the multi-touch display, 3DNav used a commercial library called GestureWorks in conjunction with Yield to resolve the ambiguity posed by the multiplicity of gestures reported by the initial classification. The experiment compared both devices. The task completion time with multi-touch was slightly shorter, but the difference was not statistically significant. The design of experiment also included an equation that determined the level of video game console expertise of the subjects, which was used to break down users into two groups: casual users and experienced users. The study found that experienced gamers performed significantly faster with the GamePad than casual users. When looking at the groups separately, casual gamers performed significantly better using the multi-touch display, compared to the GamePad. Additional results are found in this dissertation.