Kwan Hon Pong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-156). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / Abbreviations --- p.v / Acknowledgment --- p.vii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Diabetes mellitus - general introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Animal models of diabetes --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Streptozotocin-induced diabetes (SID) --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Mechanism of the diabetogenic effect of STZ --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Administration of STZ --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2 --- Impairment of cognitive function in diabetes mellitus --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Common mechanisms suggested in diabetic neuropathy --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Polyol pathway activation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Redox potential alterations --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Nonenzymatic glycation --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- PKC alteration --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4 --- Do the common mechanisms of neuropathy induced the cognitive impairment in diabetes --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5 --- Structure and function of the hippocampus --- p.20 / Chapter 1.6 --- The definition and mechanism of learning and memory --- p.21 / Chapter 1.7 --- The mechanisms underlying the early and late phases of LTP in hippocampus --- p.23 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Perforant and schaffer collaterals pathways --- p.23 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Mossy fibre pathway --- p.24 / Chapter 1.7.3 --- Late phase of LTP in hippocampus --- p.25 / Chapter 1.8 --- GABAergic interaction in hippocampal plasticity --- p.25 / Chapter 1.9 --- The objective of the project --- p.27 / Chapter 1.10 --- Hypothesis --- p.27 / Chapter 1.10.1 --- The initial role of glutamate receptors --- p.28 / Chapter 1.10.2 --- Involvement of putative retrograde messengers --- p.30 / Chapter 1.10.3 --- The role of GABA receptors --- p.37 / Chapter 1.10.4 --- The role of the CREB --- p.40 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Animals --- p.43 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Induction of diabetes mellitus --- p.43 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Insulin therapy --- p.45 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Sample collection --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2 --- Isolation of total RNA --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3 --- Quantitation of total RNA --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4 --- Reverse transcription --- p.53 / Chapter 2.5 --- PCR --- p.54 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Preparation of PCR --- p.54 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Purification of PCR product --- p.60 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Confirmation of PCR products by DNA sequencing --- p.61 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- PCR analysis --- p.62 / Chapter 2.5.4.1 --- Quantitation of cDNA --- p.62 / Chapter 2.5.4.2 --- Radioactive PCR --- p.65 / Chapter 2.5.4.3 --- cDNA gel electrophoresis --- p.66 / Chapter 3. --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Non-NMDA receptors --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- AMPA receptors --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Kainate receptors --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- NMDA receptors --- p.76 / Chapter 3.2 --- Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Group I subtype --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Group II subtypes --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3 --- Synthases of retrograde messengers --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4 --- Calcium-related receptors --- p.82 / Chapter 3.5 --- "GABA receptor subtypes (Aαl-4,BRla)" --- p.85 / Chapter 3.6 --- Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) --- p.88 / Chapter 3.7 --- Enzyme genes related to CREB dephosphorylation --- p.88 / Chapter 3.8 --- Effect of insulin therapy on ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes --- p.91 / Chapter 3.9 --- Effect of insulin therapy on metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes --- p.91 / Chapter 3.10 --- Effect of insulin therapy on synthases of retrograde messenger --- p.91 / Chapter 3.11 --- Effect of insulin therapy on GAB A receptor subtype --- p.91 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- SID on Glutamate receptor subtypes --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2 --- SID on Calcium-related receptors --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3 --- SID on Synthases of retrograde messengers --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4 --- SID on GABA receptor subtypes --- p.109 / Chapter 4.5 --- SID on enzyme genes related to dephosphorylation of CREB --- p.111 / Chapter 4.6 --- Effect on insulin therapy on gene expression in hippocampus --- p.113 / Chapter 5. --- References --- p.115