The retention of historic structures and the information which they contain, the basic goals of historic preservation, has occurred with increasing frequency in the twenty-year period following the passage of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Admittedly, the ideal scenario involves the retention and reuse of architecturally or historically important structures. However, occasionally notable buildings are found which are located upon sites earmarked for new construction or which have deteriorated to a condition which makes restoration or adaptive reuse not economically feasible. Adequate documentation prior to the destruction of such buildings not only preserves the information therein contained, but also may encourage reuse of some structures by making the owner aware of their contribution to the streetscape, to local history or to the architectural history of a community or region.Although parameters for adequate documentation exist at the national level for national landmarks, state and local standards are vague at best, leaving both the professional and the non-professional preservationist to determine the level of documentation and the amount of research required. Difficult at best for the professional, documentation in the absence of guidelines frequently proves disastrous for the non-professional.This thesis is the product of a documentation project conducted between September 1984 and October 1985 to provide "adequate documentation" for a client of the College of Architecture and Planning at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. Having no established guidelines or precedent to follow, and instructed to produce "adequate documentation" for 28 structures at six Indiana State Hospitals, the documentation team learned much during the fourteen-month process of producing both written and graphic documentation.The author presents this descriptive analysis of one component of the documentation process - the preparation of the 331-page written text which accompanied photographs and H.A.B.S. drawings. While each project differs, the Indiana State Hospital Project established a precedent which may be referred to By the C.A.P. when faced with similar projects in the future.

Fair face lime-based brickwork is one of the most popular types of fa?ade in early colonial buildings in Hong Kong. A good proportion of such buildings are slowly but inexorably disappearing. Since the sixties, the awareness of the general public in heritage preservation of Hong Kong started in its embryonic form, gradually evolved through the seventies and eighties, gaining momentum to active involvement in the nineties, and finally to the organized and pragmatic approach of today. In 1976, the Hong Kong Government enacted the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance to ensure that the best examples of Hong Kong’s heritage are protected. With the establishment of the Antiquities and Monuments Office in at the same year, a number of buildings with historical and architectural values have been declared as monument or included in the list of graded heritage buildings since then and their conditions are being concerned. However, conservation principles have not been highlighted in our local heritage building maintenance practices. Perhaps, due to client’s intention, funding constrains, and/or lacking of skillful craftsmen and expert supervision, incompatible building materials and inappropriate methods have been applied on those fair face brickwork fa?ade. More and more evidence shows that such maintenance practices worsen the condition of the historic fa?ade and causing damages to the heritage. No doubt, fa?ades of those deteriorating heritage buildings are deserved proper maintenance and repair under appropriate conservation approaches. The focus of this dissertation is upon the understanding the issue of brickwork failure particularly owning to the saturation of soluble salt in brickwork attributed to various inappropriate maintenance approaches. To establish a guideline for lime-based brickwork fa?ade maintenance to ensure longevity, reduce costs and improve value. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

It was a miracle that I discovered the redoubt when I was studying in secondary school. During a summer holiday, I visited the Shing Mun Reservoir with my best friends. Suddenly a monkey attacked us and grasped one of my friend’s bag. The monkey ran away and we had to chase him to get back the bag. Finally, the monkey found that there were no food inside the bag and left the bag on the trail. When we found the bag, we found the tunnel entrance next to us. Out of curiosity, we went through and tunnels and found really interesting and exciting. Almost twenty years later, I revisited the redoubt and found my memories in my last visit. This time, I came with my eldest son. He is 10 years old and he found it very exciting to visit the tunnels, which he has not ever thought of its existence. For my own experience, there were not many changes, though silts and stagnant water have already blocked some parts of the tunnels. The Shing Mun Redoubt, built in 1930’s, was a very important defensive point of Hong Kong. It was essentially the last point of defense of Kowloon. It witnessed the military defense of Hong Kong, in particular during the Japanese attack in Dec 1941 during the World War II. The redoubt has already lasted for around 80 years. It is left unattended for years. “Dangerous” signs are erected to warn people not to go inside the tunnels. However, this is a very important place to address the history of military defense of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong SAR government has already set up a military trail in Wong Nai Chung Gap, describing and displaying the military defense history of Hong Kong. Given that the military structures of the Shing Mun Redoubt remains largely intact, I strongly recommend the government to set up another military trail to highlight the importance of the Shing Mun Redoubt. In this paper, I addressed this issue and have developed a plan to set up a military trail there called the “Shing Mun Redoubt Military Trail”. In doing this, I made reference to the condition survey of the redoubt and the SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Thread) analysis of the development proposal. In connection with the proposed development, I also worked out the associated works such as transport facilities, maintenance plan, publicity plan etc, all aimed to successfully develop this military trail and to attract more visitors to come and enjoy. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Heritage conservation has become the hot issue since the well known public participated protection movement of Star Ferry Pier and Queen Pier. It made her to rethink her planning strategy related to heritage conservation issue. In 2007, the government announced the public participated heritage revitalization scheme. It allow public to participate into the revitalization program of the enlisted building heritage. In view of such change, this dissertation aimed to evaluate whether the revitalization scheme before and after 2007 is part of town planning strategy or just a compromise to the planning aspect. By the comparison of the revitalization projects of Wancahi Blue House Cluster, Tsim Sha Tsui Former Police Headquarter and Kom Tong Hall, the new town planning strategy could be better illustrated. Lastly, the paper would describe the British experience of building heritage regeneration. It set a good example for the Hong Kong Government in the improvement of town planning and heritage conservation issue. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Bats are always found in heritage buildings in Hong Kong, especially the vernacular Chinese-style buildings. This is because the natural environment which suitable for bat roosting is reducing and the structure and low disturbance of the heritage buildings are suitable for bats to roost. As conservation of heritage buildings arouse more and more attention in recent years, there are more and more conservation work projects in heritage buildings too. When planning conservation work in a heritage building with the existence of bats, what are the issues to be concerned? Since bats are protected by the Wild Animals Protection Ordinance (Cap.170), it will be an offence if works to be carried out which will hurt bats and destroy their roosts. However, sometimes conservationists seem face a difficult choice in keeping the bats or carry out the conservation work. The work may impose adverse impacts to bats such as destroying their roost and disturbing them. But keeping the btas in the heritage buildings without the conservation work, the building may become dilapidated or even collapse. As there is no comprehensive bat mitigation guideline for conservation work for heritage buildings in Hong Kong. Although there are some guidelines available in Europe and USA, are they applicable in Hong Kong? The aim of this dissertation is to provide a preliminary guide for building professionals/ conservationists to handle the bat issue when planning conservation work to heritage buildings with bat existence. The facts of bats in Hong Kong is studied then followed by the examination of mitigation measures proposed by Natural England with assessments and adjustments to fit the use in Hong Kong. Two local cases are studied and evaluation of the bat mitigation has been carried out. Finally, some points to note when carrying out conservation work in heritage buildings in Hong Kong have been discussed. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Sustainable Development is one of the most important arguments now a day. How we can make our world more sustainable in nature is the most significant phenomena for all of us. It is very difficult to transform the old, traditional and historically significant places to a more sustainable and modern in nature without hampering their values and historic resources. Cultural significances of old historic places represent the sense of connectivity and provide a continuation of past experience to the present and future generations (ICOMOS, 1999). These are the old urban characters which shapes the modern urban culture and identity over the time. They should treat as the most important belongings of history to go forward towards more advanced future. Future is always shaped by the past. Hence if we forget our history; it would be very difficult to get proper guidelines for future development. It is necessary for us to preserve our deteriorating heritage resources to develop our own future. However, globalization, rapid and uncontrolled urbanization and technological advancement make these attempt challenging. Urban heritage conservation in a very integrated way would be one of the solutions for conserving old values and ideas with their own traditional nature. Conservation with sustainable manner should be taken as the top priority in all development planning agendas. Moreover, proper urban heritage conservation can help to transform historical places as the source of history, culture and socio-economic advancement for the local community and can change unsustainable community into more sustainable in nature. Dhaka is one of the major old cities in South Asia. It has a various combination of historic places and communities which give Dhaka a unique urban character. It has long history of urbanization and this urban growth pattern has influenced mainly by the topography, socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics along with inherent morphological quality. However over population growth, uncontrolled urbanization, poor infrastructure facilities and weak urban management contribute to deteriorating these urban heritages rapidly. There are several discussions about urban heritage conservation of developing countries but little discussions have found which has focused on the conservation with empowering local traditional economy to develop the sustainable community. By enhancing local economy through proper planning and policy and promote sustainable tourism can contribute to conserve heritage resources of Dhaka and support sustainable community development. Two historically significant communities are chosen for representing Dhaka‟s heritage which is unique in nature for their traditional professions, significant local arts, handmade crafts, life style, religious and social festivals, urban fabric and built heritage. These are Benarashi Palli at Mirpur and Shakhari Bazaar at old Dhaka. They had a self-sustained economy in the past which becomes declining day by day due to rapid and poor urban development management and ignorance of historical values and ideas. However, still these two communities are trying to survive with their own efforts and make them represented of the glorious past to us. The main focus of this study is to revive their past well-sustained economic conditions with proper conservation of heritage resources and community participation. At the same time explore several guidelines of comprehensive conservation for sustainable urban community in Dhaka. The research identifies that there is a severe lacking of integrated conservation policies in Dhaka. In fact, the importance of heritage conservation is still very far away from national planning policies in Bangladesh. Dhaka has several development control agencies however; they are not so well-integrated and well-organized to provide a comprehensive heritage planning policies for Dhaka as well as Bangladesh. Moreover, incompetent rules and regulations with scattered organizations make this problem more severe. The study has tried to incorporate all these issues and formulate a comprehensive conservation planning for Benarashi Palli and Shakhari Bazaar as well as Dhaka. Furthermore, the study tries to accommodate sustainable tourism for providing a sustainable urban economy which has always ignored in Bangladesh context. However, tourism could be a strong way of promoting heritage conservation in Dhaka which has already followed by many developing countries in South Asia. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Public sentiment towards heritage sites in Hong Kong has changed dramatically over the past decade. A city built entirely on its rapid urban development and redevelopment, Hong Kong has transitioned into a place where people start to concern about what is left in our heritage before it is too late. The change of public sentiment leads us to have a different set of expectation on heritage sites in Hong Kong, which is the topic of this paper. In response to the escalating public concerns regarding the administration’s take towards heritage conservation, Hong Kong government’s new Heritage Conservation Policy in 2007 launched the ‘Revitalising Historic Buildings Through Partnership Scheme’, overseen by the new Commissioner for Heritage’s Office. The Scheme (the ‘R-Scheme’) is an initiative to engage non-profit organisations (NPOs) to conduct adaptive reuse at government-owned historic buildings. The Batch I of the R-Scheme included the proposed revitalisation of the Old Tai O Police Station. Built in 1902, the Old Tai O Police Station is a Grade II historic building located on Lantau Island. The Hong Kong Heritage Conservation Foundation Limited (HCF) has been selected to restore and operate the site as Tai O Heritage Hotel, a boutique hotel in a non-profit social enterprise model. The R-Scheme is a pioneer initiative that builds up a framework for public-private partnership in heritage conservation. And as most pioneer programmes go, while the R-Scheme opens up new opportunities and broadens the field of heritage conservation, it also brings new challenges that one might not have foreseen beforehand. This paper uses Tai O Heritage Hotel as a case study to look into these new challenges, and how these challenges are arisen because of the change of public sentiment and expectation towards historic buildings in recent years. Part of this paper is written in first person narrative, as the author has been working on this revitalisation project and has personally encountered these challenges, including heritage interpretation and public engagement. The challenges and solutions covered in this paper focus on the “software” of the project, as she is involved mostly in the non-technical aspects of the project, and also this portion of the project contributes heavily on satisfying public expectation as well. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

As a contribution to econometric research on the role of architectural heritage, this dissertation evaluates non-aggregate data for a total of 2142 designated National Priority Protected Sites (NPPS) in China using hedonic model and ordered probit model. Attempting to verify economic costs of conserving architectural heritage sites in China, the objectives of the dissertation are to find out the grading system of NPPS; to compare the monetary value and non-monetary value methods on architectural heritage conservation; to identify the current criteria of national heritage conservation maintenance funding (NHCMF) allocation for the NPPS; and to select and evaluate the key factors of NHCMF allocation for the NPPS. The research question of this dissertation is: “what are the decision criteria of NHCMF allocation in China?”. The dissertation conceives of one general hypothesis and 17 empirical hypotheses. The general hypothesis is based on the maintenance funding and grading system of each conservation project. The empirical hypotheses are generated from possible determined factors of NHCMF allocation, theories of sustainable development, economic value and heritage value. Based on the real market information, 7 factors have been identified as the determined factors of NHCMF allocation of NPPS. They are “average household income”, “annual economic benefit”, “average personal salary”, “population”, “ticket”, “types modern building” and “types revolutionary sites”. Of these 7 factors, on the one hand, “average household income”, “annual economic benefit”, “population”, “entry ticket fee” and “types (revolutionary sites)” have positive relationship with the maintenance cost. The positive relationship result implies that the revolutionary sites locate in economic developed area with more population and higher entry ticket fee are more likely to get more maintenance funding. On the other hand, “average personal salary” and “types (modern buildings)” have negative relationship with maintenance funding. The negative relationship result reflects that modern buildings of NPPS with higher average personal salary are less likely getting more maintenance funding. Based on the hypothetical market data, 4 factors have been identified as the determined factors of NHCMF allocation of NPPS. The factors of “population and “annual economic benefit” have the same relationship with monetary market data. The “maintenance funding” and “original usage” have negative relationship with grading system. / published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

It has been a long debating topic in Hong Kong for the controversy of heritage conservation and development. For so long, heritage conservation has been sacrificed for economic development in urban renewal and development. However, the society of Hong Kong began to be aware of the importance of heritage in recent years. The heritage conservation topic has became focus of the society, and a task for the government to deal with carefully. As part of the new conservation policy, the Revitalizing Historic Buildings Through Partnership Scheme has come to the scene as a possible remedy to the complicated matter by focusing on social values, public engagement and heritage conservation. The goal of this study is to assess if the Scheme is effective and efficient in handling the dilemma between development and heritage conservation. A project of the Scheme, Tai O Heritage Hotel, is being examined. By overseeing the result of this project, we could determine to what extent this new initiative has achieved in conserving heritage and social benefit. With extensive review on the conservation policy and relevant document, together with the interview result with stakeholders of the project, we could assess if the project is competent enough to make a new way for future development strategy in Hong Kong. The findings in this research reflect that the new initiative has been able to put more attention to the root cause of heritage conservation problem, such as preserving social values, engaging public participation, incorporating the doctrines of heritage conservation into business running. The Tai O Heritage is viable in operation and could stand a model for later projects. However, it is also noted that even the Government has aimed high in the Scheme, the public participation is still limited. The effort of the Government to put up a conservation policy is never to be minimized as it lines out the future practice of urban development. to a right track and put emphasis on social value, more attention should be put on the public engagement and its future course. The Government is suggested to learn from the result of this project in order to work out a more efficient long term strategy to keep the conservation policy sustainable. Social values, public engagement and heritage conservation should be run out on a balanced base with more practical measures such as education, public-private consolidation and heritage trust. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management