Local Government Heritage Planning Legislation in British Columbia investigates and critiques the community planning policies of the provincial government white paper Toward Heritage Legislation. This investigation is undertaken from the perspectives of the experience of other jurisdictions and the views of professional heritage planners in British Columbia. The primary objectives of this thesis are: i) to illustrate by examining the history of heritage conservation legislation in other jurisdictions that there is a common pattern to the evolution of conservation legislation and that the proposals of Toward Heritage Legislation are consistent with this pattern ii) to examine the views of professional heritage planners regarding the proposed policies and iii) to argue that the proposed policies demonstrate both strengths and weaknesses and that a strong implementation framework will be required if the policies are to be implemented effectively. These objectives are achieved by the use of two methods. First, the history of heritage conservation is traced through a review of the relevant historical literature on the legislation of other jurisdictions. Second, fifteen professional heritage planners from across British Columbia are interviewed regarding their views on the proposed policies. The first conclusion of the thesis is that there is a pattern to the development of heritage legislation in other jurisdictions. This pattern illustrates that early heritage legislation focuses largely on the conservation of individual sites and monuments and that over time the legislation evolves and ultimately demonstrates three characteristics: one, the recognition of the context of individual sites including grouping of individual sites to form historic areas and districts, two, the integration of heritage planning into the day to day planning processes of local government and three, the devolution of responsibility for heritage conservation from senior to local governments. The data collected from the consultations with professional planners indicates that there is broad support for the conceptual basis of the proposed policies but that there are significant weaknesses in the details of the proposals. The planners indicate that in particular there are weaknesses in the ability to implement the policies within existing local government administrative practices. The thesis also concludes that the community planning proposals of Toward Heritage Legislation are consistent with the policies of other jurisdictions and in fact represent the logical next step in the development of heritage legislation in British Columbia. However, the planners interviewed clearly cautioned that the details of the policies must be reviewed, clarified and modified if they are to be successfully implemented. Their concerns focused on three general areas: the planners indicated in some cases that they did not support individual policies as proposed, secondly they requested clarification and detailing of the implementation of individual policies and thirdly, they advised that additional resources will be required to successfully implement the policies. The final conclusion of the thesis concerns the importance of training personnel to implement new heritage legislation. The consultations with the planners highlighted the current weaknesses of training for heritage planners and emphasized the importance of this shortcoming for the future of heritage conservation in British Columbia. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

A dissertation submitted to the School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, In fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg 2015 / What happens when a rural community expresses the need for a heritage centre? Located in the former Transkei homeland of the apartheid era, now in the Eastern Cape Province, Matatiele is one of many disadvantaged, though culturally rich, communities in South Africa. The region has received insufficient attention to its heritage concerns and has been neglected by government and by academics for decades. Motivated by the Mehloding Community Trust, a project run by the Matatiele community, this research addresses the local community’s perception of heritage. This includes, amongst other things, their views on heritage management strategies and in particular the significance of rock art. One hundred and forty individuals from fifteen selected villages were interviewed to ascertain their interest in a heritage centre by way of representing and managing their own heritage. This research, therefore, addresses the nature of community involvement in heritage management and archaeology in the south-eastern part South Africa.

He, Jie. / Thesis submitted in: October 2008. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-236). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- The Development of the Cultural Route Concept --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- The Delimitation of Heritage Definitions and Conservation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Shortcomings of Delimitations and Their Implementation in Cultural Routes --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Authenticity as a Subject of Investigation and Planning Support --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Definition --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Research Objectives --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Significance of Study --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Cultural Route Heritage Disciplines and Protection Practices --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Theoretical and Methodological Investigations --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Delimitations and Case Studies --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Routes and Associated Landscape Studies carried out by Archaeologists --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Archaeological Route Studies --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Landscape Archaeological Module and Cases --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Methodology and technology --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3 --- "Landscape Archaeology and ,GIS applications" --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Landscape Archaeology through the Cognitive Paradigm --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Information Technology and GIS Support --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- GIS Support for Heritage --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4 --- GIS for Cultural Resource Management --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Gap between Practice and Research --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- The Potential of GIS for Conservation Planning in CRM --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Problems in Gonservation Planning Relating to Heritage Value --- p.39 / Chapter 2.5 --- Perceptual Archaeology and GIS Applications. --- p.40 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Archaeological Yisibility --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Cost Surface Analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.6 --- Problem-oriented Applications of Visibility and Cost-surface Analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Single Factor Approaches --- p.50 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Social and Cultural Interpretations --- p.52 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Path Studies --- p.53 / Chapter 2.7 --- Visual Resource Management Researches by the Author --- p.54 / Chapter 2.8 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.54 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- SYSTEM DESIGN --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Questions --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Authenticity and the Reified Attributes --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Definition of Attributes --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Authenticity Interpretations through Spatial Interrelationships --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Authenticity Interpretations through Functionalities --- p.67 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- The Scale Issue --- p.69 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Technical Potentials in GIS --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2 --- The System Framework --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Path Replication and Prediction --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Control of Space --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Cultural Landscapes in Cultural Route Spatial Analysis --- p.82 / Chapter 3.3 --- Management and Delimitations --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Allocations --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Delimitations in Categories --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.90 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1 --- Background Dataset. --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- DEM --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Mapping Scales --- p.96 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- "Historical Topography and Landscape Reconstruction," --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2 --- Cost Surface Analysis --- p.102 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Movement Singulation --- p.103 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Path Selection --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3 --- Cost Surface Modeling --- p.107 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Attributes Introduced --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Cost-Surface Model Making --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Visibility as a Cost --- p.114 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Algorithms --- p.121 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- rSpatial Control of Property --- p.128 / Chapter 4.4 --- Technical Issues and Validation --- p.137 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Technical Issues of Visibility Studies --- p.138 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Cost-Surface Analysis Conberns --- p.141 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Validations --- p.142 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.143 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- CASE STUDY OF THE GREAT WALL --- p.145 / Chapter 5.1 --- Background --- p.145 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Previous Research --- p.145 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Great Wall Conservation --- p.149 / Chapter 5.2 --- Case Study Design --- p.150 / Chapter 5.3 --- Data Sources and Data Preparation --- p.151 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- DEM --- p.151 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Historical Reconstructions --- p.156 / Chapter 5.4 --- Large-scale Analyses --- p.162 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Cost-surface Modeling --- p.163 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Invasion and Defensive Interpretations --- p.166 / Chapter 5.5 --- The Juyongguan Pass Study --- p.178 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Research Background --- p.181 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Facility Mapping and Viewshed Analysis --- p.181 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Movement Modeling --- p.191 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Analytical Results --- p.195 / Chapter 5.6 --- Spatial Control and Delimitations of Juyongguan Pass Fortress --- p.201 / Chapter 5.6.1 --- Spatial Control of the Great Wall --- p.201 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- Juyongguan Pass Fortress Delimitations --- p.203 / Chapter 5.7 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.209 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION --- p.211 / Chapter 6.1 --- Utility of the Proposed Study Scheme --- p.211 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- The Theoretical Aspect --- p.211 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Methodological Aspect --- p.212 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Conservation Practice --- p.213 / Chapter 6.2 --- Research Contributions and Limitations --- p.214 / Chapter 6.3 --- Further Research --- p.215 / REFERENCES --- p.219

published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-120). / A new community is developing in central-western Ohio at the administrative and educational facilities of The Way International, a world-wide non-denominational biblical research ministry. Since 1961 this community has grown from only a few families to over 300 persons living either at or near the site. By 1985 this figure is expected to more than double. This paper shows how the design and planning methods used to date have not been totally successful in dealing with this rapid growth. These methods have resulted in space shortages at times, conflicting use relationships, and unsatisfactory building forms and appearances. A more systematic approach to site design is examined as an aid to resolving some of these problems. This systematic approach focuses on the issues of density standards, block sizes, building configurations, open space planning, and architectural design, drawing rules and concepts from the patterns found in the historic and traditional rural context. Thus, a coherent, unifying "rural atmosphere" for this growing community is the guiding concept behind this system. The issue of uncertainty of future growth is handled by first defining likely phases or increments of growth. Next, the derived design system is shown to be able to handle this range of likely growth increments. Finally, a schematic site plan for developing a portion of the property is designed to demonstrate the use of the system, and to advocate a first step towards preserving the rich rural heritage of this place. / by Mark William Ranyak. / M.Arch.

Aboriginal Australian heritage forms a significant and celebrated part of Australian heritage. Set within the institutional frameworks of a predominantly ??white?? European Australian heritage practice, Aboriginal heritage has been promoted as the heritage of a people who belonged to the distant, pre-colonial past and who were an integral and sustainable part of the natural environment. These controlled and carefully packaged meanings of Aboriginal heritage have underwritten aspects of urban Aboriginal presence and history that prevail in the (previously) colonial city. In the midst of the city which seeks to cling to selected images of its colonial past urban Aboriginal heritage emerges as a significant challenge to a largely ??white??, (post)colonial Australian heritage practice. The distinctively Aboriginal sense of anti-colonialism that underlines claims to urban sites of Aboriginal significance unsettles the colonial stereotypes that are associated with Aboriginal heritage and disrupts the ??purity?? of the city by penetrating the stronghold of colonial heritage. However, despite the challenge to the colonising imperatives of heritage practice, the fact that urban Aboriginal heritage continues to be a deeply contested reality indicates that heritage practice has failed to move beyond its predominantly colonial legacy. It knowingly or unwittingly maintains the stronghold of colonial heritage in the city by selectively and often with reluctance, recognising a few sites of contested Aboriginal heritage such as the Old Swan Brewery and Bennett House in Perth. Furthermore, the listing of these sites according to very narrow and largely Eurocentric perceptions of Aboriginal heritage makes it quite difficult for other sites which fall outside these considerations to be included as part of the urban built environment. Importantly this thesis demonstrates that it is most often in the case of Aboriginal sites of political resistance such as The Block in Redfern, the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra and Australian Hall in Sydney, that heritage practice tends to maintain its hegemony as these sites are a reminder of the continuing disenfranchised condition of Aboriginal peoples, in a nation which considers itself to be postcolonial.

This research focuses on events surrounding the activities of Battery Freeman, a coastal defense facility constructed within the earthworks of "old" Fort Stevens near Astoria, OR, in 1900 and destroyed in 1939. Archival data are used in conjunction with nearly 5,000 artifacts that were recovered from archaeological excavations in 1989 by the Oregon State University Field School, to reconstruct the history of the facility. Archival information provided a detailed representation of the spatial setting of Battery Freeman with respect to the original earthworks of Old Fort Stevens. In addition, this information detailed the timing and progress of and materials used in the construction of the battery. Spatial, temporal, and typological analyses were conducted on the artifacts. The great majority of the artifacts are associated with Battery Freeman architecture. Many of these artifacts were homogenously distributed throughout a "fill unit" reflecting the leveling and bulldozing of the site. However, several primary features were preserved, including a remnant of the east bulkhead wall of the pre-1900 structure and an incinerator feature apparently used in the battery. The spatial context of artifacts associated with these features could be interpreted with greater confidence. / Graduation date: 1994

Thesis (Honors)--University of South Florida, 2009. / "April, 2009." Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-57).

How can interpretation be used to promote the sustainable conservation of a historic site? What is meant by sustainable conservation of historic sites is examined and its three aspects: the social, financial, and environmental defined. On the basis of a critical literature review, objectives for an interpretation plan that promotes the sustainability of a historic site are stated. Through case studies, current interpretive practices are examined and evaluated as to their potential for meeting these objectives. Sites chosen for study were identified by heritage professionals as ‘best practices.’ Case studies include Valley Forge National Park, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania; Burton Cotton Gin Museum, Burton, Texas; Strawbery Banke Museum, Portsmouth, New Hampshire; President Lincoln’s Cottage, Washington D.C.; and the National Steel & Iron Heritage Museum, Coatesville, Pennsylvania. Based on the results of case study research, a best practices methodology is developed for writing an interpretation plan with sustainability among its central goals and practical examples of the unique ways in which each site addresses the different aspects of sustainability are given. The methodology developed is tested by outlining an interpretation plan for the Zedler Mill in Luling, Texas that promotes sustainability. This mill was a driving economic force in this small South Central Texas town for a period of nearly ninety years from 1874 to 1964. As with any historic site, conservation of the mill site today and into the future depends upon community support. My findings demonstrate how interpretation programs can provide the community (society) with social and economic benefits that can sustain that support. / text

In few cities will one find a landscape so scarred with the physical remains of its contentious recent past as Berlin. The capital city boasts recognizable and well-known relics from not only the Third Reich, but also from its time as communist East and capitalist West Berlin. Inconspicuously sitting in two of Berlin’s largest public parks though are two hills not as easily identifiable as other historic sites. Hidden beneath the grassy hills, the massive concrete remains of 1940s flak towers have slowly made their way into the historical consciousness of Berliners. In examining the evolution of the Nazi-built towers in the consciousness of Berliners, this thesis attempts to gain a better understanding of the city’s confrontation with the toxic relics in their landscape left from the Third Reich through a less-recognizable and less-contentious structure. / text