The tsunami of April 1, 1946 was the deadliest natural disaster in the history of modern Hawaiʻi. Of the 159 casualties in the islands, twenty-four died at Laupahoehoe, a sugar plantation community on Hawaiʻi island. This study presents and analyzes oral history narratives of five survivors and eyewitnesses. In one-to-one interviews, four students and one teacher of Laupahoehoe School recalled their early life experiences, as well as what they saw and heard that morning in 1946; how and why they reacted to the unfolding drama the way they did; and how the events of that day affected them to the present. The oral histories are examined through two lenses. First, as living historical documents, they reveal a human side of the tragedy, a side often overlooked by researchers pre-occupied with statistical and scientific explanations. Documenting people's life experiences and values, the oral histories provide us with knowledge and understanding of tsunamis from humanistic as well as scientific perspectives. Second, as case studies, the interview narratives reflect oral history's role in an emerging trend in social science research, in which the process of gathering data is almost as closely analyzed as the data itself. This study examines memory, or how and why we recall life experiences; narrative, or how and why we tell stories about what we remember; and history, or how and why we preserve these stories for present and future generations. Oral history involves an interviewee/narrator who, in a conversational, question-and-answer setting with an interviewer/researcher, recalls details of his/her life experiences. The interviews are recorded, processed, preserved, and transmitted in various formats for posterity. This examination of oral history, or the "alchemy" of transmuting memory into history, demonstrates its educative role to all involved in the process: the interviewee/narrator, who has lived through and remembers his/her life experiences; the interviewer/researcher, who collaborates with the interviewee/narrator to construct historical narratives; and present and future generations of scholars, students, and the lay community, who will utilize the narratives as primary accounts about the past. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-231). / Electronic reproduction. / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / ix, 231 leaves, bound 29 cm

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1985. / Bibliography: leaves 158-175. / Photocopy. / Microfiche. / ix, 175 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2007. / Vita. In bibliographical references (leaves 319-339).

The thesis examines the History Workshop at the University of the University of the Witwatersrand in the context of radical South African historical scholarship. Not only is the History Workshop shown to mirror developments in radical scholarship but it is seen to guide and stimulate particular directions of research. The history of the Workshop is traced and its academic as well as popularising activities are examined. The Marxist social history approach, which was encouraged by the Workshop, is considered with reference to the social and political environment in which it emerged, and the international and local historiographical context. The issues, themes and concepts reflective of that approach are unpacked and some thought is given to their impact on Marxist categories of analysis. The History Workshop is seen to reflect and to have some influence on the direction pursued in labour and urban as well as rural history. In labour history, it pursued concerns of the social history of labour. Labour history was to take two different paths in the 1980's due partially to the influence of the Workshop group. Urban history grew rapidly as a field in the 1980's. The triennial Workshops reflected that development while the Workshop group particularly encouraged social history concerns within that field. The development of Marxist social history is seen in the change from an economistic approach in some of the papers presented at the first History Workshops to a broader social history emphasis in many of the later papers. The themes and issues arising out of urban Marxist social history are considered, as is their impact on the understanding of South Africa's urban history in general. The Workshop reflected and encouraged social history themes in rural history studies, which was another expanding field of research in the 1980's. These themes incorporated Africanist insight as well as an emphasis on oral history and local history. The Marxist social history studies, which were presented at the triennial Workshops, produced new insights into the rural history of South Africa which challenged earlier theories. The History Workshop with its materialist social history approach acted as a forum and as such, a catalyst for a radical scholarship in South Africa. The triennial workshops reflected what was happening in the terrain of Marxist social history. These Workshops, which attracted a large gathering of local, as well as foreign academics, legitimised that research and gave the Marxist social history scholars a certain standing within the local academic community. Although the study of South Africa's past may have similar directions in the late 1970's and 1980's without the presence of the Workshop, that presence gave a coherence and an added impetus to those routes of Marxist social history.

Afrikaans text / Hierdie verhandeling is 'n historiografiese studie oor die geskiedskrywing wat in Die Huisgenoot verskyn het in die tydperk 1923 - 1949. J.M.H. Viljoen, self 'n opgeleide historikus, het as redakteur doelbewas persone tot geskied- skrywing aangemoedig en hom ook vir die plasing daarvan in Die Huisgenoot„ beywer* In die verhandeling moes egter selektief te werk gegaan word, deurdat hoofsaaklik op die bydraes van opgeleide historici gekonsentreer is* Uiteraard moes baie van die bydraes deur amateurs dus buite rekening gelaat word. Die geskiedskrywing word ten aansien van die onderskeie tyd- perke en onderwerpe bespreek en evalueer. Veral die boek- besprekings wat in dié tydperk 'n onderskeidende kenmerk van die geskiedskrywing was, word deeglik in oënskou genoem* S6 ook die briewe wat in reaksie op sekere geplaasde artikels verskyn het. Met alles in ag geneem kan Die Huisgenoot van daardie tyd ongetwyfeld met reg aanspraak maak op die status van 'n his- tories-wetenskaplike tydskrif* / This dissertation is an historic study of the historiography which appeared in Die Huisgenoot during the period 1923 - 1949. The editor, J.M.H. Viljoen, himself a formally trained historian, purposefully promoted historiography, which he published in Die Huisgenoot. This dissertation is however, primarily concerned with the contributions of formally trained historians. Consequently many contributions by amateur historians were not considered. Historiography relating to specific periods and subjects is discussed and evaluated. In particular book reviews which were an outstanding feature of this historiography, are evaluated thoroughly. Similarly, letters of reaction to specific articles were also evaluated. In conclusion, it is evident that Die Huiagenoot which was published in the years 1923 - 1949, qualifies as an histori- cally-scientific periodical. / History / M.A. (History)

published_or_final_version / History / Master / Master of Philosophy

The Ta'rikh al-Rusu1 wa 'l-HulUk of Abu Ja 'far Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari (ca. 228-310 A.H.) has, since its recovery • in the last century, been considered the most important primary source for the study of the first three centuries of Islam. However, due to the author's technique of reporting his information, scholars have generally regarded al-tabari as a compiler and chronicler, using the Ta' rikh only to verify factual information, 'complaining of its disorganization and tediousness, and dismissing any notion that the author could have expressed opinions or attitudes of his own. It is the contention of this thesis that al-T• abari did indicate his attitudes towards past events and that his contemporary readers cou1d easily have perceived his opinions and his perspective of early Islamic history. By analyzing five sections from the Ta'rikh, each representing one of the major time spans included in the work, and by paying particular attention to al-~abari's use of isnads (chains of narrators) and his organization and juxtaposition of akbbar (narrations), we will attempt to determine his attitudes towards these events and his sources, and his thoughts on the development of the Islamic umma from its conception to his own time. A comparison of al-Tabari1s treatment of these incidents with the accounts' • of three other contemporary historians will help to expose the differences between them and allow us to understand why the Ta'rikh remains the outstanding primary source for the first three centuries of Islam.

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The Selīmnāme of Celālzāde Muṣṭafā Çelebi is a history of the early career and the reign (1512-20) of the Ottoman Sultan Selīm I. The part which forms the subject of the present edition and translation covers the early career of Selīm, up to his accession to the Ottoman throne, and concentrates particularly on the troubled state of Anatolia during the latter part of the reign of Selīm's father, Bāyezīd II, and on the events which led to Selīm's acquiring the Sultanate in the face of strong competition from his brother Aḥmed. Celālzāde Muṣṭafā had entered the service of the Ottoman government halfway through Selīm's reign, in 1516, as a scribe of the Imperial Dīvān. Under Selīm's son and successor, Süleymān, he was promoted, first to the office of Re'īs ül-Küttāb (1525) and then to that of Nişānci (1534), which he held, with great distinction, for twenty-three years. The Selīmnāme was written sometime between 1557 and 1566, during the period of his retirement. In explaining his reason for writing the book, Celālzāde asserts that none of the accounts of Selīm's reign which have so far been written, reflect the true facts, because they were written by uninformed people. He himself claims to have gained his knowledge from reliable people (including Pirī Pasha, Grand Vizier during the last two years of Selīm's reign, whom he served as private secretary). He also implies that his position as Nişānci, by giving him access to documents relating to the period, has made him especially well qualified to set the record straight. The Selīmnāme has not been published, but survives in six manuscript copies, which are located in Istanbul, Dresden, London and Manchester. The critical edition nere presented is based on a full collation of the relevant sections of all these manuscripts, which has yielded sufficient evidence regarding the inter-relationship of them to make possible the postulation of a stemma codicum. Descriptions of the manuscripts, and a discussion of the main patterns of variation between them, are included in the introduction to this thesis. The notes accompanying the translation are intended primarily as a commentary on the text itself, and include a considerable element of discussion of linguistic and semantic problems. The significance of historical terns occurring, and the identity of persons mentioned in the text are also made the subject of notes.