"Who controls the past [...] controls the future: who controls the present controls the past". In the first century BCE Diodorus of Sicily described a corner of the British Isles he called Belerion and drew attention to the ingenious way the inhabitants extracted tin and the civilised manner they had acquired through trading that metal. In 2012 a tourist may stay in a bed and breakfast near Penzance or buy books from a shop named after that promontory. However, during the nineteenth century a debate amongst historians arose as to the meaning of Diodorus' Greek text, its relationship to other classical texts and the status of Cornwall in antiquity. The discussion involved at least ten treatments specifically of the topic in Cornwall alone and was incorporated into a variety of other narratives. The debate offers an unusual insight into the role of classical texts in the description and understanding of local identity. This thesis looks at passages from the classical world that have been linked to Cornwall and which often have very little academic scholarship relating to them, and examines how they have been interpreted by Cornish historians. It will show how, despite the inconclusiveness of the ancient material, a connection between Cornwall and Greek and Roman traders has been constructed by Cornish writers, and why they were interested in doing so. This thesis suggests that the political and social contexts of local historiographers has actively shaped the interpretations of the texts often assigning a meaning to classical texts that allows a narrative of independence, cultural sophistication and unbroken mining innovation to be constructed concerning Cornwall. As such this thesis will form part of a rapidly expanding inter-disciplinary interest in our understanding of responses to the Classics and to our conception of the formation of regional historical narrative.

Orientador: Margarida Maria de Carvalho / Resumo: Tradicionalmente reduzida a um impulso exclusivo de comicidade, a inserção de personagens femininas nas comédias de Aristófanes foi lida por alguns historiadores como uma preocupação do teatrólogo em ridicularizar a imagem da mulher grega. Ao nos debruçarmos sobre a leitura das peças Lisístrata (411 a.C.), As Tesmoforiantes (411 a.C.) e Assembleia de Mulheres (392 a.C.), encenadas no contexto da Guerra do Peloponeso e posterior derrota de Atenas, formulamos a hipótese de que a esposa legítima foi representada como mantenedora da cidade ateniense, uma vez que percebemos a ênfase em sua importância cívica por ser considerada um veículo justo de crítica nas peças aristofânicas. Ao problematizar os acontecimentos e decisões políticas de seu período, o comediógrafo o fez inserindo mulheres ativas em suas obras, responsáveis por aconselhar seus maridos sobre aquilo que julgavam prejudicial à pólis. Pela lei de Péricles, vigente a partir de meados do V século a.C., eram essas mulheres ativas que carregavam o compromisso de reproduzir cidadãos atenienses, contribuindo para a manutenção da lógica democrática clássica. Em nossa visão, o poeta publicita a faceta atuante e interventora do feminino justamente porque ela estava calcada na legitimidade da transmissão da cidadania. Pautados na análise da documentação textual e na História de Gênero, pretendemos compreender a participação feminina, especificamente das esposas legítimas, na sociedade ateniense do V e início do IV séculos a.C.,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Traditionally reduced to an exclusive comicality impulse, the insertion of female characters in the comedies of Aristophanes was read by some historians as a concern of the playwright in ridiculing the image of Greek woman. When we dive into the reading of Lysistrata (411 BC), Thesmophoriazusae (411 BC) and Assemblywomen (392 BC), staged in the context of the Peloponnesian War and subsequent defeat of Athens, we formulated the hypothesis that the legitimate wife was represented as maintainer of the Athenian city, since we perceive the emphasis in her civic importance as a righteous vehicle of criticism in Aristophanes‘ plots. In problematizing the occurrences and political decisions of his period, the playwright did it inserting active women in his plots; they were responsible for advising their husbands on what they judged to be harmful to the polis. By the law of Pericles, valid since the middle of the fifth century BC, these active women were committed to reproducing Athenian citizens, contributing to the maintenance of the classical democratic logic. In our view, the poet shows the acting and intervening facet of the feminine precisely because it was based on the legitimacy citizenship transmission. Based on the analysis of the textual documentation and on Gender History, we intend to understand the feminine participation, specifically of the legitimate wives, in the Athenian society of the fifth and beginning of the fourth centuries BC, by problematizing the relation bet... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Bárbara Alexandre Aniceto (ba_ship@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-22T23:23:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO BÁRBARA ANICETO FINAL.pdf: 1200135 bytes, checksum: 8e7243fc2df0a3328d99c20890b823ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jacqueline de Almeida null (jacquie@franca.unesp.br) on 2018-04-23T17:52:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Aniceto_BA_me_fran.pdf: 1200135 bytes, checksum: 8e7243fc2df0a3328d99c20890b823ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T17:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aniceto_BA_me_fran.pdf: 1200135 bytes, checksum: 8e7243fc2df0a3328d99c20890b823ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-11 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Tradicionalmente reduzida a um impulso exclusivo de comicidade, a inserção de personagens femininas nas comédias de Aristófanes foi lida por alguns historiadores como uma preocupação do teatrólogo em ridicularizar a imagem da mulher grega. Ao nos debruçarmos sobre a leitura das peças Lisístrata (411 a.C.), As Tesmoforiantes (411 a.C.) e Assembleia de Mulheres (392 a.C.), encenadas no contexto da Guerra do Peloponeso e posterior derrota de Atenas, formulamos a hipótese de que a esposa legítima foi representada como mantenedora da cidade ateniense, uma vez que percebemos a ênfase em sua importância cívica por ser considerada um veículo justo de crítica nas peças aristofânicas. Ao problematizar os acontecimentos e decisões políticas de seu período, o comediógrafo o fez inserindo mulheres ativas em suas obras, responsáveis por aconselhar seus maridos sobre aquilo que julgavam prejudicial à pólis. Pela lei de Péricles, vigente a partir de meados do V século a.C., eram essas mulheres ativas que carregavam o compromisso de reproduzir cidadãos atenienses, contribuindo para a manutenção da lógica democrática clássica. Em nossa visão, o poeta publicita a faceta atuante e interventora do feminino justamente porque ela estava calcada na legitimidade da transmissão da cidadania. Pautados na análise da documentação textual e na História de Gênero, pretendemos compreender a participação feminina, especificamente das esposas legítimas, na sociedade ateniense do V e início do IV séculos a.C., pela problematização da relação entre o feminino e o masculino, bem como enfatizar a possibilidade do papel feminino ativo. / Traditionally reduced to an exclusive comicality impulse, the insertion of female characters in the comedies of Aristophanes was read by some historians as a concern of the playwright in ridiculing the image of Greek woman. When we dive into the reading of Lysistrata (411 BC), Thesmophoriazusae (411 BC) and Assemblywomen (392 BC), staged in the context of the Peloponnesian War and subsequent defeat of Athens, we formulated the hypothesis that the legitimate wife was represented as maintainer of the Athenian city, since we perceive the emphasis in her civic importance as a righteous vehicle of criticism in Aristophanes‘ plots. In problematizing the occurrences and political decisions of his period, the playwright did it inserting active women in his plots; they were responsible for advising their husbands on what they judged to be harmful to the polis. By the law of Pericles, valid since the middle of the fifth century BC, these active women were committed to reproducing Athenian citizens, contributing to the maintenance of the classical democratic logic. In our view, the poet shows the acting and intervening facet of the feminine precisely because it was based on the legitimacy citizenship transmission. Based on the analysis of the textual documentation and on Gender History, we intend to understand the feminine participation, specifically of the legitimate wives, in the Athenian society of the fifth and beginning of the fourth centuries BC, by problematizing the relation between the feminine and the masculine, as well as emphasizing the possibility of the active feminine role. / 2015/08263-6