L’objet jeu vidéo interroge de plus en plus la psychologie clinique depuis le début des années 2000. Au centre de divers controverses quant à ses usages et ses prétendus méfaits ; certaines pratiques videoludiques tendent aujourd’hui à se banaliser. Pour autant, le discours des addictologues, des médias, des parents et éducateurs, des joueurs eux-mêmes, voire de la psychanalyse, véhiculent souvent une vérité masquée par le langage qui ne cesse de nous interroger. Notamment, c’est la question des origines, de l’histoire, et des effets de cette vérité sur le sujet qui nous intéresse. Dire que jouer « peut-être comme la drogue » en dit long sur les représentations que nous nous faisons, en tant que société, du jeu, comme du jeu vidéo. Mais cela en dit long, également, sur un certain malaise à propos des nouvelles technologies et de la jeunesse en général. C’est ce malaise, que nous pensons percevoir dans certaines demandes de soin, et dans certaines manifestations cliniques symptomatiques, voir « synthomatiques ». La présente thèse tente de s’interroger sur l’histoire et les caractéristiques du jeu vidéo en tant qu’objet du champ du ludique, avant de présenter les rapports du jeu vidéo à la clinique, pour enfin conclure sur une réflexion autour des discours propos du vidéoludique et de leurs possibles effets en clinique. / Video games interrogate more and more the clinical psychology since early 2000's. They are in the center of numerous controversies about its uses and its alleged misdeeds. Despite this, some videogame practices tend to trivialize today. However, the discourse of addictologists, media, parents and educators, players themselves or of psychoanalysis, often convey a truth obscured by the language that continues to question us. Notably, it raises the issue of the origins, history, and the effects of this truth on the subject that interests us. Say that play "maybe like drugs" is very eloquent about the representations we make, as a society, relating to the game, as the video game. But it's very eloquent, too, about some discontent about new technologies and youth in general. It is this discontent, we think carefully collect in certain demands, and in some symptomatic clinical manifestations, even in some "synthomatical" manifestations. This thesis attempts to question the history and characteristics of the video game as a playful object, before presenting the reports of the video game to the clinic, to finally conclude with a reflection on the discourse about the videogame and their possible effects in the clinic.

The videogame now occupies a unique territory in contemporary culture that offers a new perspective on conceptions of high and low art. While the fear that the majority of videogames 'pacify' their audience in an Adornian "culture industry" is not without justification, its reductionism can be countered by a recognition of the diversity and aesthetic potential of the medium. This has been proposed by sociologist, Graeme Kirkpatrick, although without close attention to the role of music. Videogame music often operates in similar ways to music in other mixed-media scenarios, such as film, or opera. In the same way that film music cannot be completely divorced from film, videogame music is contingent on and a crucial part of the videogame aesthetic. However, the interactive nature of the medium - its différance - has naturally led to the development of nonlinear musical systems that tailor music in real time to the game's dynamically changing dramatic action. Musical non-linearity points beyond both music and videogames (and their respective discourses) toward broader issues pertinent to contemporary musicology and critical thinking, not least to matters concerning high modernism (traditionally conceived of as resistant to mass culture). Such issues include Barthes's "death of the author", the significance of order/disorder as a formal spectrum, and postmodern conceptions and experiences of temporality. I argue that in this sense the videogame medium - and its music - warrants attention as a unique but not sui generis aesthetic experience. Precedent can be found for many of the formal ideas employed in such systems in certain aspects of avant-garde art, and especially in the aleatoric music prevalent in the 1950s and 60s. This thesis explores this paradox by considering videogames as both high and low, and, more significantly, I argue that the aesthetics of videogame music draw attention to the centrality of "play" in all cultural objects.