Texte remanié de: Doct. thesis--Paris--Catholic University and Sorbonne (Paris IV), 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 207-213. Index.

El desarrollo de sus habilidades experimentales es parte imprescindible en la formación de un estudiante de Medicina. Un profesional en ciencias de la salud debe saber medir, usar correctamente las unidades, observar críticamente u n fenómeno, redactar correctamente un informe, etc. Estas habilidades se adquieren durant e el desarrollo de los cursos de Física. Los cursos de Física, por su carácter experimental, bri ndan oportunidades únicas para el desarrollo de tales habilidades; por ello es de gran importancia la incorporación de los laboratorios en los cursos de esta ciencia, pero es igualmente importan te que estas se desarrollen de una manera organizada y con objetivos bien definidos sobre la base de la estructura curricular de los cursos de Física, así como de la experiencia de los profes ores encargados de esta actividad. Por esta razón es que consideramos necesaria la presentación de esta guía de experimentos para los cursos de Física, a fin de que los estudiantes desa rrollen de una manera organizada y consciente los diferentes trabajos experimentales y puedan así madurar los conceptos que les serán de gran utilidad no sólo en sus cursos posteriores de cienc ias de la salud, sino también en su actividad profesional. / Presión hidrostática

Orientador: Ruben Aldrovandi / Mestre

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1981. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. "Published as separate collection of poems titled "The Perseids" won the Vassar Miller Prize in poetry in 2000." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-33). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. "Published as separate collection of poems titled "The Perseids" won the Vassar Miller Prize in poetry in 2000." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-33). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-132). Also available via the Internet.

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In this dissertation, I examine astronomical practice in the second half of the seventeenth century by analyzing the nature of observation and instrumentation within an institutional and social context. I argue that astronomical practice was transformed by the convergence of several overlapping factors including the deployment of new instruments, the mathematical and astronomical education of practitioners, the gradual assimilation of new ideas, and the rise of scientific societies and networks. More specifically, I argue that the 1670's controversy between Johannes Hevelius and Robert Hooke and the ensuing debate that involved a larger circle of practitioners, helped establish a new foundation for the discipline of astronomy. In forcing practitioners to take sides, the controversy prompted them to define the precise nature of astronomical practice as well as the necessary qualifications for its practitioners. In Chapter 1, I discuss sixteenth and seventeenth-century astronomical instruments, and I provide a history of instrumentation from the use of positional measuring instruments in the late sixteenth century to the more widespread use of micrometers and telescopically-mounted positional measuring instruments in the late seventeenth century. Proceeding from the instruments to the people involved, in Chapters 2 and 3 I discuss the mathematical and astronomical community of the late sixteenth to late seventeenth centuries. The "community" included those individuals working both within and outside the universities. In Chapter 4, I discuss the Hevelius-Hooke controversy over the relative merits of naked-eye versus telescopic sights as the watershed in positional astronomy that defined the role of astronomers, shaped their methods of observation, and directed future research. In the final chapter of this study, Chapter 5, I discuss the work of Cassini at the Paris Observatory and Flamsteed at the Greenwich Observatory, and how their efforts were shaped by the Hevelius-Hooke controversy. / Ph. D.

La compression élastique (CE) est un traitement médical qui est prescrit en cas d'insuffisance veineuse. Récemment, la CE rencontre aussi un certain succès auprès des sportifs pour la récupération. Cependant, malgré l’utilisation de plus en plus massive de la CE, son action biomécanique sur le membre inférieur n'est pas encore bien caractérisée. Pour contribuer à cette caractérisation, un modèle biomécanique 3D des tissus mous de la jambe sous CE a été développé et appliqué à un panel de sujets. Chaque modèle est personnalisé : la géométrie est reconstruite à partir des images tomographiques 3D de la jambe de chaque sujet et les conditions aux limites reproduisent fidèlement la pression localement appliquée par la CE sur la peau. De plus, les propriétés hyper-élastiques des tissus mous sont identifiées pour chaque sujet par recalage du modèle. Une méthode de recalage originale a été spécifiquement développée et mise en œuvre pour cette application : elle consiste à utiliser les images tomographiques 3D de la jambe déformée comme données expérimentales pour le recalage. Finalement, le modèle donne accès au champ de pression transmis par la CE aux tissus mous internes. Les principales conclusions sont que le champ de pression à l'intérieur de la jambe n'est pas transmis uniformément et qu'il y a de fortes variabilités inter-sujets. En outre, le modèle permet d'obtenir des indications sur le confort et l'efficacité de la CE. Il a ainsi été possible de montrer que l'intensité des pressions maximales subies par les tissus mous de la jambe est inversement proportionnelle à l’épaisseur du tissu adipeux. Les principales perspectives du travail concernent la validation clinique de ces conclusions sur un nombre significatif de sujets, puis leur exploitation en vue d’améliorer les traitements. / Elastic compression (EC) is a medical treatment prescribed in case of venous insufficiency. Recently, EC is also employed for recovery after efforts in sports. Nevertheless, despite the more and more common use of EC, its biomechanical action onto the lower limb remain partially unknown . To address this issue, a 3D biomechanical model of the soft tissues of the leg under EC has been developed and applied on a group of subjects. Each model is patient-specific: the geometry is reconstructed from the 3D CT-scan images of each subject’s legs and the boundary conditions are prescribed according to the local pressure applied by the EC onto the skin. Furthermore, the hyper-elastic properties of the soft tissues are identified for each subject using an inverse approach. The inverse approach is original: it consists in using the 3D CT-scan images of the deformed leg as experimental data for calibrating the model. The resulting model provides the pressure fields in the internal soft tissues induced by the EC. The main conclusions are that the pressure is not transmitted evenly and that significant inter-subject variability exists. Moreover, it is shown that the magnitude of the pressure undergone by the soft tissues is inversely proportional to the thickness of adipose tissues. The main perspectives of this work are to validate the conclusions on a significant number of subjects and to continue improving the treatments of venous insufficiency by EC.