Hospitals are regarded as some of the most important structures in society due to the service that they provide. Knowing this, governments spend large amounts of money on these facilities. Also, codes of design require to provide them more reserve capacity than that for conventional structures. However, large damages (such as collapses and permanent or temporary interruptions of their functionality) have still been observed in hospitals during strong earthquakes. Unfortunately, it is precisely after this type of event that their service is in high demand and failure in providing that service could lead to further disastrous or fatal consequences. Therefore, the use of protective technologies, combined with rational procedures of design, would help to reduce damage and probable losses of functionality in hospital structures. In this thesis, a procedure for seismic design of structures equipped with a type of protective technology, namely, buckling-restrained braces (BRBs), is proposed. Then, the results of experimental and numerical studies are presented to understand the benefits of using BRBs in structures. This study highlights that BRBs are very effective to dissipate seismic energy and can act as structural fuses, i.e. disposable devices that may be replaced after an earthquake without interruptions in the functionality of the structure. One of the advantages of the proposed procedure is that it takes into account explicitly the characteristics and contributions of both, the main structure and the BRBs. It is based on the assumption that a structure protected with BRBs can rationally be represented by a dual SDOF system whose parts yield at different displacement levels. Other advantages include: 1) better control of the displacement demands on the structure; 2) achievement of the fuse concept beforehand; and 3) rapid assessment of the probabilistic performance of the structure. The experimental studies consisted of testing steel and concrete models, with and without BRBs, on a shaking table. In addition to calibrate and validate the proposed method of design, the tests have helped to find that, due to BRBs: 1) the damping ratio is increased significantly; and 2) the dynamic response, to ground motions characteristic of the lakebed zone of Mexico City, is reduced in terms of lateral displacements, inter-storey drifts, floor velocities and floor accelerations. The numerical studies are: 1) a study of the response of typical hospitals improved with BRBs; 2) a study of residual displacements in conventional and dual systems; and 3) evaluation of the economic benefits of using BRBs in structures. On these studies, hypothetical hospitals located in the lakebed zone of Mexico City were considered. The results show that the use of BRBs is very beneficial in medium- and low-rise buildings, while adverse effects may be observed in high-rise structures.

Este artículo consiste en analizar una nueva alternativa de control antisísmico de alta tecnología para la construcción de hospitales en el Perú, que en su normativa exige el uso de aislamiento de base para edificaciones esenciales. Para ello, se opta por la evaluación estructural de una edificación construida con aisladores sísmicos y la misma con implementación del sistema de disipación de energía SLB (Shear Link Bozzo). Los resultados analizados, para cada técnica estudiada de control antisísmico, son: derivas de entrepiso, aceleraciones de piso, balance energético y análisis de rotulas plásticas, en base a la filosofía de funcionalidad continua. / This article consists of analyzing a new high-tech anti-seismic control alternative for the construction of hospitals in Peru, which in its regulations requires the use of base insulation for essential buildings. For this, the structural evaluation of a building constructed with seismic isolators is chosen and the same with the implementation of the SLB (Shear Link Bozzo) energy dissipation system. The results analyzed for each anti-seismic control technique studied are: mezzanine drifts, floor accelerations, energy balance and analysis of plastic hinges, based on the philosophy of continuous functionality. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente tesis consiste en proponer una alternativa de control antisísmico de alta tecnología para la construcción de hospitales en el Perú, que en su normativa exige el uso de aislamiento de base para edificaciones esenciales. Para ello, se opta por la evaluación estructural con el sistema de disipación de energía SLB (Shear Link Bozzo) de tecnología peruana en dos hospitales con tipo de suelos S1 y S2 ubicados en zonas de sismicidad 4 y 3 respectivamente, los cuales son proyectos ya construidos con sistema de aislamiento de base. El desarrollo del proyecto ha sido llevado a cabo empleando principalmente las normativas nacionales NTP E.030 y NTP E.031 siguiendo directrices y recomendaciones propuestas en códigos internacionales como el ASCE 7-14, FEMA P58, ASCE 41-17. En el estudio se comparan las respuestas sísmicas de ambas metodologías obtenidas de un análisis tiempo-historia no lineal empleando 7 pares de registros sísmicos para cada hospital según las condiciones de suelo que lo conforman, obteniendo derivas, aceleraciones de piso, curvas histeréticas, balance de energía y formación de rótulas plásticas; todo ello para evaluar la condición de funcionalidad continua, necesaria en estructuras hospitalarias. Adicionalmente, se determinan los costos iniciales aproximados de estos proyectos con ambas tecnologías de control antisísmico. En base a los resultados se concluye, que los disipadores SLB efectivamente constituyen una opción más para poder implementar en el diseño de hospitales logrando menores costos iniciales, aproximadamente del 50% al monto obtenido con los aisladores, tomando en cuenta partidas con gran incidencia en los costos totales. No obstante, su elección tiene que estar sujeto al correcto análisis estructural y evaluación de daños en el proyecto a realizar, haciendo un balance entre cada una de las ventajes y desventajas que se presentan en esta tesis para ambas técnicas, adecuándolo a los requerimiento y objetivos deseados. / The present thesis consists of proposing a high-tech anti-seismic control alternative for the construction of hospitals in Peru, which in its regulations requires the use of base insulation for essential buildings. For this, the structural evaluation is chosen with the SLB (Shear Link Bozzo) energy dissipation system of Peruvian technology in two hospitals with soil type S1 and S2 located in seismic zones 4 and 3 respectively, which are projects already built with base insulation system. The development of the project has been carried out mainly using the national regulations NTP E.030 and NTP E.031, following guidelines and recommendations proposed in international codes such as ASCE 7-14, FEMA P58, ASCE 41-17. The study compares the seismic responses of both methodologies obtained from a non-linear time-history analysis using 7 pairs of seismic records for each hospital according to the soil conditions that comprise it, obtaining drifts, floor accelerations, hysterical curves, balance of energy and formation of plastic hinges; all this to evaluate the condition of continuous functionality, necessary in hospital structures. Additionally, the approximate initial costs of these projects with both anti-seismic control technologies are determined. Based on the results, it is concluded that the SLB heatsinks effectively constitute one more option to be able to implement in the design of hospitals, achieving lower initial costs, approximately 50% of the amount obtained with the isolators. However, your choice must be subject to the correct structural analysis and damage evaluation in the project to be carried out, making a balance between each of the advantages and disadvantages that are presented in this thesis for both techniques, adapting it to the requirements and objectives. desired. / Tesis