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Analysing food security among rural households of Capricorn and Mopani Districts, Limpopo Province , South AfricaNengovhela, Rudzani January 2022 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. Agricultural (Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Regardless of the various measures implemented by the South African government to
curb food insecurity, majority of rural households are still experiencing food insecurity
at the household level. This could be because of the high unemployment rate that the
rural households are experiencing, especially in the Limpopo Province. Despite rural
household members exerting frantic efforts to acquire education, most of them still find
it difficult to secure jobs, which results in them depending on social grants for a living.
Still, social grant money alone is not enough to meet their entire families’ needs,
including food acquisition. The aim of the study was to analyse food security looking
at four dimensions, namely, food availability, access, utilisation, and stability among
rural households of Capricorn and Mopani Districts in the Limpopo Province of South
Africa.
Only two district municipalities in the Limpopo Province, namely, Mopani and
Capricorn Districts, were chosen as areas of study. The two district municipalities were
chosen because, previous studies and reviews reported that these municipalities are
the most affected districts by food insecurity shocks in the Limpopo Province. The
study used a cross-sectional survey, where a Multistage sampling procedure was
employed. The villages were selected based on probability proportionate to size. The
study considered a total of 346 rural households, comprising 173 rural households in
each district municipality. A structured questionnaire was used as an instrument to
collect data from rural households in the study area. In addition, the collected data was
captured using Excel 16. Thereafter, the data was exported to SPSS Version 27 for
analysis. Furthermore, to profile the socio-economic characteristics of households,
assess food consumption patterns and identify the strategies employed to enhance
household food security, descriptive statistics was used. To determine the food
security status of rural households in the study areas, the four dimensions of food
security were analysed separately. For instance, food availability was analysed using
descriptive statistics whereas food accessibility was analysed using Household Food
Insecurity Access Scale [HFIAS]. The HFIAS was also used to identify the food
security status while Household Dietary Diversity Score [HDDS] was used to measure
food utilisation. To measure food stability, a Likert Scale [LS] and descriptive statistics
were used. Multiple Linear Regression Models [MRM] were used to determine the
factors that influenced rural households’ food security status. On the other hand, the
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model [MLRM] was used to examine the determinants
of food security among rural households of Capricorn and Mopani district
municipalities.
The descriptive results established that most rural households from both Mopani
District Municipality [MDM] and Capricorn District Municipality [CDM] consume
different food groups. In this regard, a minority of rural households are classified as
dietary diverse whereas a majority of rural households are still characterised as less
dietary diverse due to the limited consumption of different food groups. This reveals
that these households range from less food secure to moderate food secure, as
illustrated by the food security results. Moreover, the descriptive results also indicated
that a majority of rural households in MDM are classified as severely food insecure
and that food stability was the component contributing to these households being
severely food insecure. As for CDM rural households, the results showed that a
majority of these rural households were moderately food insecure with food availability
and food stability being the contributing component at CDM. The Multiple linear
Regression Model [MRM] results in MDM revealed that the age of the household head,
remittances, and access to credit positively influenced food security status. On the
other hand, the Multinomial Logistic Regression Model [MLRM] results in MDM
revealed that the age of household head, household income greater than R1000,
household income between R1099 to R1999, household income between R4000 to
R4999, income from salary and access to credit, negatively influence food insecurity
status. The Multiple Linear Regression Model confirmed that the male headed
households, age of household head, wages, employment status and household
income negatively influence food security status in CDM. On the contrary, MLRM
results revealed that gender of household head, income from wages, income from
salary, old age pension grant, child support grant, household income above R1000
and access to credit for borrowing money positively influenced the food security status
of rural households in CDM.
In light of this, the study recommends that health practitioners should educate rural
households about healthy eating habits and that having a variety of nutritious food type
may increase food security. The Department of Agriculture should advise rural
households to participate primarily in subsistence farming and that they should focus
their agriculture on crops and livestock. This will enable them to enjoy diverse and
balanced diets. In addition, the government should empower rural households to
participate in development programmes. This may assist households to improve their
livelihoods and may also lead to diverse sources of income, which may enhance food
security. Furthermore, the government can further assist rural households by providing
production inputs (such as seeds/seedlings, fertilizers, and water for irrigation), which
may promote food availability, utilisation and accessibility. / NRF-DAAD
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Sicurezza alimentare nei Paesi in Via di Sviluppo: il caso studio del progetto “Produzione di cibo appropriato; sufficiente, sicuro e sostenibile" / FOOD SECURITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF "PRODUCTION OF APPROPRIATE FOOD: SUFFICIENT, SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE" PROJECTMINARDI, ANDREA 16 December 2019 (has links)
L’insicurezza alimentare colpisce soprattutto le famiglie rurali povere che vivono di agricoltura di sussistenza nei Paesi in via di Sviluppo. Nell’ottica di fornire un supporto alle comunità che si trovano in queste condizioni, L’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore e la Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi hanno avviato nel 2012 il progetto “Produzione di cibo appropriato, sufficiente, sicuro e sostenibile”. Il progetto si propone di avviare Centri Pilota in collaborazione con le diocesi che promuovano uno una intensificazione delle produzioni agricole e una dieta sostenibile dal punto di vista etico-sociale, economico e ambientale. I Paesi in cui opera il progetto sono l’India (Meghalaya State) e la Repubblica Democratica del Congo – RDC (Lomami province). Con l’aiuto dei team locali sono state raccolte informazioni sulle abitudini produttive e alimentari della popolazione. Su questi dati è stata svolta una analisi circa l’impatto che il progetto ha avuto sulla sicurezza alimentare (disponibilità e accesso) delle famiglie coinvolte. Il numero di polli allevati (India) e l’Household Dietary Diversity Score (India and RDC) sono stati utilizzati come proxy per la disponibilità e l’accesso di cibo, rispettivamente. L’analisi statistica è stata effettuata usando differenti approcci dello Propensity Score Match (Logit + Nearest Neighbour and GenMatch) per valutare ATT (Effetto medio del trattamento sul gruppo “trattato”). Per quanto riguarda l’India sono stati analizzati i) il numero di polli allevati (food availability) e ii) l’HDDS (Household Dietary Diversity) per la food access. Il progetto ha avuto un impatto positivo ma non significativo sul numero di polli allevato, che però non si è tradotto in un miglioramento dell’HDDS delle famiglie di piccoli agricoltori coinvolti nel progetto. Per la RDC è stato analizzato solo l’impatto sulla food access (HDDS). In questo caso l’impatto del progetto sulla sicurezza alimentare dei piccoli agricoltori è stato positivo ma non significativo. I risultati mostrano che un miglioramento nella qualità della dieta (HDDS) implica, oltre ad un miglioramento delle produzioni (in qualità e in quantità), è necessario anche un miglioramento della educazione (anche nutrizionale) e dell’accesso al mercato. / Food Insecurity (FI) affects especially poor rural people that rely on Subsistence Agriculture in developing countries. With the purpose to help the community that living in that conditions, in 2012 the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and the Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi have started the “Production of appropriate food: safe sufficient and sustainable” project. The project aims to open Pilot Center in agreement with local Diocese to promote the Agricultural production Intensification agriculture and Diets that are sustainable (ethical, economic and environmental). The project is active in India (Meghalaya State) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Lomami Province). Helped by the local team, information was collected on production and diets habits. An analysis of the impact that the project had on food security (availability and access) of the families involved was carried out on these data. Number of Chicken (India) and Household Dietary Diversity Score - HDDS (India and DRC) as a proxy for food availability and access, were respectively utilised. Thus, we used different Propensity Score Match approach (Logit + Nearest Neighbour and GenMatch) to evaluate the ATT (average treatment effect on the treated group). Regarding India, the number of chickens bred (as food availability) and the HDDS (food access) were analyzed. While the number of chickens bred is positive but not significant, the HDDS values of smallholder farmers involved in the project did not improved. Moving to DRC, only the HDDS was analyzed. In this case, the project had a positive impact on beneficiary families, but it was not significant. The results point out that diet improving (HDDS) advances the production, both in quality and quantity, but is not a sufficient condition per se. Furthermore, it is also essential to enhance the educational path which focuses on nutritional issues and the access to food from market.
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