Due to the high fate of urban population growth in Tanzania, there is an inadequate supply of housing, particularly for low-income groups, which has caused a proliferation of squatter settlements in the urban areas. The Tanzanian Government is trying to improve the quality and quantity of the housing supply for low-income urban groups. In 1973, the planning of the National Sites and Services Project, jointly financed by the International Development Association (IDA) and the Tanzania Government, was undertaken in three urban centres in Tanzania: Dar es Salaam, Mwanza and Mbeya. This study of the National Sites and Services Project in Tanzania examines the different stages of the project cycle normally pursued by the IDA for planning various development projects. The distinctive objectives of this study are: to identify various problem areas that require attention when planning future sites and services projects in Tanzania; and to provide guidelines on IDA project cycle which would be useful for the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (Ardhi) when planning IDA projects. This information could be particularly useful for other sites and services projects, especially since it is hoped that the IDA would continue to play an active role in supporting sites and services projects in Tanzania. The IDA project cycle is composed of five stages: identification, preparation, appraisal, negotiation and supervision. Since the National Sites and Services' Project had effectively completed only the first three stages of this cycle when this study was undertaken in April 1974, analysis of the negotiation and supervision stages is not included in the study. Before analyzing these three stages of the project cycle, the first chapter of the study examines some general aspects of foreign aid projects in developing countries. It points out various motives behind aid giving and examines some problems that the recipients and the donors face in the course of undertaking aided projects. The method of investigation used for this study was that of participant observer. The author spent about six months in the Sites and Services Section of Ardhi in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, during which time contact was established with various officials in the Tanzania Government involved in the Project. Prior to this six-month observation period, the author visited the World Bank headquarters in Washington, D.C., to interview various IDA officials involved in the project. Contact was also made with IDA officials involved in the Project who visited Tanzania on project missions during the observation period. This study concludes that though the project was operating satisfactorily during its planning stages, the success of the project depends largely on the implementation stage of the Project. The last chapter of the study focusses on the various operational and institutional problems facing the Project and attempts to outline the possible steps that could be taken to overcome these problems. These recommendations are developed through the author's subjective reactions as a participant observer. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Documentation and formalization of informal settlements ("insitu" i.e. while people continue to live in the settlement) needs appropriate mapping and registration system of real property that can finally lead into integrating an informal city to the formal city. For many years extraction of geospatial data for informal settlement upgrading have been through the use of conventional mapping, which included manual plotting from aerial photographs and the use of classical surveying methods that has proved to be slow because of manual operation, very expensive, and requires well-trained personnel. The use of high-resolution satellite image like QuickBird and GIS tools has recently been gaining popularity to various aspects of urban mapping and planning, thereby opening-up new opportunities for efficient management of rapidly changing environment of informal settlements. This study was based on Manzese informal area in the city of Dar es salaam, Tanzania for which the Ministry of Lands and Human Settlement Development is committed at developing strategic information and decision making tools for upgrading informal areas using digital database, Orthophotos and Quickbird satellite image. A simple prototype approach developed in this study, that is, 'automatic detection and extraction of informal buildings and other urban features', is envisaged to simplify and speedup the process of land cover mapping that can be used by various governmental and private segments in our society. The proposed method, first tests the utility of high resolution QuickBird satellite image to classify the detailed 11 classes of informal buildings and other urban features using different image classification methods like the Box, maximum likelihood and minimum distance classifier, followed by segmentation and finally editing of feature outlines. The overall mapping accuracy achieved for detailed classification of urban land cover was 83%. The output demonstrates the potential application of the proposed approach for urban feature extraction and updating. The study constrains and recommendations for future work are also discussed. / Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.