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Delivery of environmental health services to Ducats informal settlementSompani, Thozamile Matthews January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Technikon, 2003 / This study provides information on the provision of environmental health
services to informal housing settlements by local authorities.
A standard for Environmental Health Service delivery according to
Government policies and legislation has been provided. Actual
environmental health services delivered to Ducats informal settlement at
the time (1992), have been compared to the services that should have
been delivered by law.
Baseline data have been compiled by means of questionnaires, in order
to assist the different levels of government in addressing the housing and
environmental health needs of the Ducat community.
The nature of Environmental Health and the history of informal housing,
more specific that of the Ducat informal housing settlement, have been
determined.
Limited environmental health services were rendered to informal housing
settlements occupying land illegally during 1992. These environmental
health services were limited to basic sanitation, water supply and refuse
removal. Only pit latrines or bucket latrines were required as a means of
sanitation, tanks for water supply and skips for the disposal of waste.
Amatola Regional Services Council however rendered all the
environmental health services required.
Other environmental health aspects such as pest control, communicable
disease control, air pollution control, radiation, occupational health
issues, temperature extremes, lighting, ventilation, noise, social
environment, food and meat hygiene were not required.
This study has provided a set of Government policies and legislation,
which should be considered in rendering environmental health services
for housing in future.
Uncertainty of the past decade, about rendering of Environmental Health
services to people occupying land illegally, still persists. The Municipal
Structures Act, 117 of 1998 requires the rendering of Environmental
Health services by local authorities, but it does not state whether these
services should be rendered to people occupying land illegally as well.
Since this has been the biggest restriction in providing environmental
health services in the past, it is recommended that Government address
this uncertainty.
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Reengineering the residence application and admission business processes at a selected tertiary institutionManise, Loki DK January 2018 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Business Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Institutions of higher learning are operating in an environment that is continuously informed by the markets and government regulations, hence the need for continuous improvement initiatives in order to remain relevant to the dynamic changes in higher education. The improvements are done by reviewing the course content, operations, and business processes, which includes an application and admission process. This study analyses the residence application and admission process (RAAP). The business processes and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system support the realisation of the application and admission process of the university. The review of the current application and admission process will be based on business processes, business process reengineering, and the business process modelling theory. Therefore, the problem statement for the study is that the impact of information flow during the application and admission of students for residency at the university involves business processes that are inefficient and ineffective. This results in mistakes being made by administrators, and students who are dissatisfied. The study is based on two research questions: Firstly, what strategies can be used to improve the application and admission process of the role players at the selected tertiary institution, and secondly, how does the application and admission process affect service delivery to the students and residence administrators at the selected tertiary institution? The aim of the study is to explore how the participating students and administrators in the residence application and admission process perceive the efficiency of university business processes. A further aim is to explore how the processes can be reengineered to fulfil the requirements of the students and administrators. The research methodology employed to resolve the problem logically is qualitative in nature. A research paradigm guides the actions of the researcher with regard to the generation and interpretation data, which results in knowledge production. The inductive research approach is well suited for the research strategy. For the purpose of this study, a case study strategy is deemed suitable because of its qualitative nature, and comprehensive knowledge of the university processes is required to understand and address the research problem. The unit of analysis of the study is the university’s administrative department business processes. The purposive, non-randomly selected students who applied for residency and the employees of the applicable departments within the university form the unit of observation, which is also a source of data. The data are collected by means of interviews using semi-structured questionnaires, with the samples being non-random and purposively selected. The data collected in the case study are then be summarised and categorised into themes. The themes are uses to present the “As-Is” and the “To-Be” application and admission process.
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Implementation of green measures for sustainable low-income housing in developing countries : guidelines for the design of new settlements in the South African context.Murru, Barbara. 26 September 2014 (has links)
In South Africa, about 15,3% of the households were living in 2011 in formal
state-subsidised low-income houses (houses for households with income lower than
R 3500 - about $ 350 - per month), whereas 12,1% were living in informal dwellings.
The sustainable development of low-income housing is therefore one of the main
challenges for developing countries addressing the green Agenda as South Africa,
especially considering the quality of life of inhabitants and the complex socioeconomic
implications. Furthermore, the energy consumption patterns of low income
households have emerged as one of the most important factors influencing the
national electricity demand, as marked by the National Housing Code of 2009.
The complex social and environmental issues related to the living conditions of
low-income communities need to be addressed with an integrated approach to the
design of the settlements. Rethinking and greening the low-income housing design
principles firstly represent an opportunity to strive social inequity and improve the
quality of life of households.
The rationale of this study is to investigate how a strategic bottom-up
approach and multi-scale low-cost green measures, implemented in the design
process of South African low-cost housing, can potentially achieve environmental
and social sustainability targets with affordable solutions.
The dissertation analysed a representative case study of a low-cost housing
development in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The research adopted a bottom-up
approach combining participatory methods through a survey and interviews with the
local community, and a scenario analysis investigating design alternatives and multiscale
green strategies (i.e. alternative building typologies, densification, passive
design strategies). The proposed scenario evaluated the potential benefits of the
green implementation, through qualitative and quantitative assessments based on
sustainability indicators as environmental and energy impacts, social implications,
safety and cost effectiveness, supported also by experimental methods using
dynamic building energy modelling.
The study promoted an integrated and holistic research and design approach
to foster the sustainability in low-cost housing development. The outcome of this
integrated bottom-up approach defined a framework of good criteria and methods for the design process, which can be intended as a guideline to effectively
implement green measures and reach sustainability targets for low-cost settlements. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2014.
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A post-occupancy evaluation of the Hope City Housing Complex of the Greater Middelburg Housing Association, MpumalangaMoja, Bontlefeela 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M Cosumer Science)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Housing White Paper (Department of Housing, 1994: 12) sets out the government's broad
housing policy and the seven strategies undertaken in the implementation of the policy. One of
the strategies is the mobilisation of housing credit through the establishment of the Social
Housing Foundation (SHF). The SHF provides training, advice, and support to emerging and
established social housing institutions. These housing institutions deliver high density
subsidised rental or installment sale housing to the beneficiaries of the State housing subsidy
scheme. The Greater Middelburg Housing Association (GMHA) is an example of such an
institution. Social housing in South Africa aims at addressing the broader quality of life of their residents,
beyond the physical dwelling in which they reside. Furthermore, the aim is to build rental
housing, which adheres to suitable quality standards, and is located close to economic
opportunities and amenities (Crofton & Venter, 2000:7). To determine the satisfaction levels
experienced by residents with regard to different aspects of their housing situation, a Post-
Occupancy Evaluation survey can be used to determine whether the objectives of the social
housing institution have been met by the housing provided. The main objective of this research study was to determine the level of housing satisfaction
experienced by residents of the Greater Middelburg Housing Association's Hope City Housing
Complex. The secondary objectives of the study were derived from the main objective and
were, firstly, to determine the residents' socio-demographic and socio-economic profiles, and
secondly to determine the residents' satisfaction levels with regard to the housing unit, the
housing complex and the management of the housing project. Thirdly the residents' overall
satisfaction with their housing situation, were determined, and lastly recommendations were
made for future developments and improvements of the Hope City Housing Complex. To
achieve these objectives, a post-occupancy evaluation study was conducted among a randomly
selected sample of 150 tenants residing in the complex. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire, which entailed dichotomous, multiple
choice, scaled, matrix-type and open-ended questions. The scaled questions were answered on
a four-point scale, where the tenants' opinions on certain aspects of the housing unit, complex
and management, were rated. The questionnaire was administered during individual interviews
of 40 minutes each, with the head or the spouse of the head of the selected households. A
document-study of the GMHA was conducted to gain insight into the organisation's
background, aims and goals. The research results on the socio-demographic and socio-economic profile of the respondents
indicated that the target market of the housing institution was mostly couples, between the ages
of 21 and 40 years, who had dependants. The majority of the respondents indicated that they
would prefer to own housing at this stage of their lives, but that they are satisfied with renting
until they have the financial means to buy property. Most respondents had achieved grade 12
schooling and were formally employed, earning monthly household incomes between R2 000
and R3 500. Few respondents reported that they were saving regularly, and only a small
number of tenants had been in arrears with their rental payment. The results indicated that the respondents were satisfied with their overall housing situation, but
had complaints about specific aspects of the housing unit, the complex and the management.
Statistically a negative correlation was found between the satisfaction levels with the unit,
complex and management indicators and overall housing satisfaction. Concerning the unit, the respondents felt that the units, and especially the bedrooms, were too
small. They felt that the complex did not provide facilities that are needed by the residents,
such as play areas for children and a convenience store. Respondents were also dissatisfied
with the way in which tenants, who have defaulted on their rental payments, were treated by
management. Furthermore, respondents were dissatisfied with the relationship between the
management of the housing complex and the residents. The main reason for their dissatisfaction
was management's low response rate to maintenance complaints. The GMHA should encourage the tenants to attend the Tenant Training Programmes run by the
management. These programmes should outline the responsibilities of the management and the
responsibilities of the residents with regard to the maintenance of the housing units. The
GMHA should also look into providing the installment sale option as a tenure option to the
residents, as this would enable those tenants, who would like to buy property, to do so. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Behuising Witskrif (Department of Housing, 1994: 12) stel die regering se breë
behuisingsbeleid en die sewe strategieë wat onderneem is in die implementering van die beleid.
Een van die strategieë is die mobilisering van behuisingkrediet, deur die totstandkoming van
die Social Housing Foundation (SHF). Die SHF lewer opleiding, advies en ondersteuning aan
nuwe en gevestigde sosiale behuisingsinstansies. Hierdie behuisingsinisiatiewe lewer hoëdigtheid
gesubsideerde huur- of termyn-betalingbehuising aan die begunstigdes van die
Staatsbehuisingsubsidieskema. Die Greater Middelburg Housing Association (GMHA) is 'n
voorbeeld van so 'n instansie. Sosiale behuising in Suid-Afrika het ten doel om die meer omvattende lewenskwaliteit van die
inwoners, wyer as bloot die behuisingstruktuur wat bewoon word, aan te spreek. Verder is die
doel om huur-behuisingstrukture te bou, wat voldoen aan bepaalde kwaliteitstandaarde en wat
nie te ver van ekonomiese bedrywighede en geriewe geleë is nie (Crofton & Venter, 2000:7).
Om die inwoners se vlakke van tevredenheid met verskillende aspekte van hul behuising te
bepaal, kan 'n na-ingebruiknemingsevalueringopname gebruik word, om te bepaal of die
doelstellings van die sosiale behuisingsinstansies bereik word, deur die behuising wat
beskikbaar gestel word. Die hoofdoelstelling van dié navorsingstudie was die bepaling van die verskillende vlakke van
behuisingstevredenheid, soos dit ervaar word deur die inwoners wat in die Greater Middelburg
Housing Association se Hope City behuisingskompleks woon. Die sekondêre doelstellings van
die studie het voortgespruit uit die hoofdoelstelling en is eerstens die samestelling van die
inwoners se sosio-demografiese en sosio-ekonomiese profiele, tweedens die bepaling van die
inwoners se vlakke van behuisingstevredenheid ten opsigte van die behuisingseenhede, die
behuisingskompleks en die bestuur van die behuisingsprojek. Derdens is die respondente se
totale tevredenheid met hul behuisingsituasie bepaal, waarna aanbevelings vir verdere
ontwikkelinge en verbeteringe aan die Hope City Behuisingskompleks gemaak word. Om hierdie doelwitte te bereik, is 'n na-ingebruiknemingsevalueringstudie onderneem waaraan 'n
ewekansige steekproefvan 150 inwoners, wie woonagtig is in die kompleks, deelgeneem het.
Data is bekom deur gebruik te maak van 'n gestruktureerde vraelys wat digotome, multi-keuse,
geskaleerde, matriks-tipe en oop vrae bevat het. Die geskaleerde vrae bestaan uit 'n vierpuntskaal,
waarvolgens die inwoner se opinie oor sekere aspekte van die behuisingseenheid, die
kompleks en die bestuur bepaal/gemeet is. Die vraelys is tydens individuele onderhoude, van
40 minute elk, met die hoof, of die eggenoot van die hoof van die geselekteerde huishoudings,
voltooi. 'n Dokument analise van die besigheidsplan van die GMHA is onderneem om insig te
verkry in die organisasie se agtergrond, mikpunte en doelstellings. Die navorsingsresultate met betrekking tot die sosio-demografiese en sosio-ekonomiese profiel
van die respondente, het aangedui dat die teikenmark van die GMHA hoofsaaklik pare in die
ouderdomsgroep 21-40 jaar, wie afhanklikes het, is. Die meerderheid van die respondente het
aangedui dat hulle op hierdie stadium van hul lewens verkies om 'n behuisingeenheid te besit,
maar dat hulle tevrede is om te huur todat hulle finansieel in staat is om 'n huis te koop. Meeste
respondente het graad 12-skoolopleiding voltooi, en was werksaam in die formele sektor, met
maandelikse inkomstes van tussen R2 000 en R3 500. Baie min van die respondente het
aangedui dat hulle op gereelde basis spaar, en slegs enkele huurders was al agterstallig in die
betaling van hul huurgeld. Die resultate van die navorsing het aangedui dat die respondente tevrede was met hul
behuisingsituasie in die algemeen, maar dat hulle klagtes gehad het oor spesifieke aspekte van
die behuisingseenheid, die kompleks en die bestuur daarvan. Statisties is 'n negatiewe
korrelasie gevind tussen die tevredenheidsvlakke met die eenheid-, kompleks- en
bestuursindikatore en tevredenheid met die behuisingsituasie in die algemeen.
Wat die eenheid betref, het die respondente gevoel dat die eenhede, veral die slaapkamers, te
klein was. Hulle het ook gevoel dat die kompleks nie voldoen aan die inwoners se behoefte aan
fasiliteite soos speelareas vir die kinders en 'n geriefswinkel nie. Respondente was verder
ontevrede met die manier waarop die bestuur van die kompleks mense, wie tydelik nie in staat was om hul huurgelde te betaal nie, behandel. Die respondente het hulle ongelukkigheid met
die verhouding tussen die inwoners en die bestuur geopper. Die hoofrede vir die
ontevredenheid was die bestuur se traagheid om te reageer op die instandhoudingsklagtes van
die inwoners.
Die GMHA moet die inwoners aanmoedig om die Inwoner Opleidingsprogramme, wat
aangebied word deur die bestuur, by te woon. Die programme behoort die
verantwoordelikhede van die inwoners en dié van die bestuur, met betrekking tot die
instandhouding van die behuisingseenhede, te verduidelik. Die GMHA moet dit oorweeg om
die termyn-verkoopsopsie aan inwoners beskikbaar te stel, aangesien dit die inwoners van
Hope City, wie graag eiendom sou wou koop, in staat sou stel om dit te doen.
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Guidelines to apply the integrated housing needs system to allocate houses in the Mpumalanga province, South AfricaSigudla, Jerry 11 1900 (has links)
Mpumalanga Provincial Department of Human Settlements in partnership with the
National Department of Human Settlements has launched a new integrated system
known as the Housing Needs Register (HNR) to manage potential housing
beneficiaries. This study was aimed at refining the integrated system in terms of
providing guidelines and processes in the allocation of affordable houses.
A total of 88 878 records captured on the HNR were profiled, and the results show that
in approximately 86% of the records, family factors and better economic circumstances
were given as the main motivation towards a desire to own a house in a particular area
of residence. These findings emphasized the importance of understanding
beneficiaries’ needs with regard to housing. Providing guidelines in the application of
this knowledge in a fair and consistent manner could assist in curtailing the spread of
informal selling or demolishing of state subsidized houses and other forms of corruption. / Public Health / M.A. (Public Health)
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The apartheid city and its labouring class : African workers and the independent trade union movement in Durban 1959-1985Sambureni, Nelson Tozivaripi 06 1900 (has links)
This thesis examines the emergence and development of the
African working class in Durban between 1959 and 1985. It
begins with an analysis of Durban's economy, which
significantly changed .the lives of Africans. It shows how,
during an era of economic boom, of intensive state repres•ion
and unparalleled social engineering, the state intervened in
the shaping of the African community and created the
oppressive setting of the African working class, which was to
pose the greatest challenge to the established order.
The forced removals of the underclasses to the newly
established apartheid townships during the late 1950s and
early 1960s had a profound influence on the social and
political history of this working class. Once African trade
unions had been crippled and formal oppositional politics
crushed, South African industrial relations enjoyed relative
"peace" which was disturbed by the covert forms of worker
resistance.
In the 1970s the economic position of Durban's African
working class was rather tenuous, as earnings had remained
static since the 1960s despite the booming economy. Because of
this, urban workers felt social and economic pressures from
both apartheid and capitalism and responded in a way that
shocked both employers and the government.
In January 1973 Durban was rocked by strikes, which broke
the silence of the 1960s when the South African Congress of
Trade Unions declined and the African National Congress and
Pan-African Congress were banned. The outbreak of the 1973
Durban strikes marked a new beginning in the labour history
and industrial relations of Durban and South Africa in
general.
A new blend of African independent trade unions emerged
with their distinctive style of organisation. They focused on
factory-based issues which reaped benefits for the workers in
the long-run and managed to sustain pressure from both the
state and employers. During this period, however, the African
working class paid a high price, enduring miserable
conditions, earning wages below the poverty line, experiencing
a breakdown in family structure, and living with crime and
violence, police repression and the criminalisation of much
social and economic life. By 1985, these unions had
established themselves so firmly that the state regarded them
as a serious challenge. Indeed, the making of Durban's African
working class was no easy task and its history shows
suffering, change, mobility and accomplishment. / History / D. Litt. et Phil. (History)
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Post occupancy evaluation of buildings in South Africa : a case study of Sophiatown student residence, JohannesburgEke, Chikezie Chinemerem 29 May 2014 (has links)
M.Tech. (Construction Management) / Sophiatown residence is one of the newly built residential accommodations in University of Johannesburg. The residence is currently the biggest residence in University of Johannesburg in terms of rooms and is a residential accommodation for only students of University of Johannesburg. The residence is a three storey building and has 416 room all single rooms and 416 students occupying it. This research work is post occupancy evaluation of an education building in Johannesburg. The study evaluates the building performance; the extent to which the students are satisfied with the indoor environmental quality and investigates the extent to which the University of Johannesburg newly constructed residence is satisfactory to its occupants (students). It also evaluates the indoor environmental quality elements that affect the student’s health and common illness that affect the student’s performance. The methodology used for this study was quantitative. A structured questionnaire with multiple choices, scaled, matrix-type and open ended question was used to conduct the interview and obtain data during the survey. Findings from the survey revealed that the building is not performing as intended because the occupants needed improvements in some area in the residence like; quality of natural light in there room, size of the study hall, quality of space provided in there study hall and others. The students were satisfied with the building although they need improvements in the study hall, toilet and bathroom, kitchen and TV room, internet services and others. However, students need little improvement in the quality of artificial light in their room, quality of natural light in their room, size of their study hall, and others. They also needed improvements in the size of their room, temperature in their room, noise level in the study hall (ability to have conversation without neighbors overhearing it), and others. Lastly, it was revealed that Fatigue (tiredness) is the most commonly experience illness while nausea is most frequently illness had and also affect the students’ performance. Based on the findings from the study, it is recommended that the institution evaluates the IEQ at specific intervals to ensure that occupants are happy at all times and also to empower the executive managers in such a way that they are able to choose the correct materials during the design stage to promote good indoor air quality. It is important that the managers attend workshops (trainings) so that they have a better understanding of good indoor air quality that will keep occupants satisfied with the performance of the building.
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Management of informal settlements : a challenge for the Greater Johannesburg Transitional Metropolitan Council (TMC)September, Ntombekhaya Yvonne 11 September 2012 (has links)
M.A. / It has been proven that all over the world informal settlements have come about as a result of housing shortage. Housing crisis is directly associated with rapid population growth which in turn leads to rapid urbanisation. Rapid urbanisation which puts tremendous stress in infrastructure available in the cities, is a process which cannot be reversed or stopped. It needs to be managed by the city authorities. That also is problematic because cities do not always have the resources to cope with this demand. This thesis puts forward suggestions that could be used to alleviate the dilemma facing the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Council, with the cum of throwing light on how informal settlements can be dealt with in the changing economy of South Africa. In order to address the research problem and fulfil the research objectives, a literature study was done, which gave various strategies that have been adopted in other countries. The literature study has been largely used to compare South Africa with other countries such as Brazil, Peru, Kenya, etc. who are faced with rapid urbanisation. A historical overview of urbanisation in South Africa, beginning in the early twentieth century has been given. This was done to illustrate the evolution of the South African legal system in an attempt to cope with events emanating from the discovery of gold in the Johannesburg area. Attempts by the new government to support the local authorities, particularly the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Council have been acknowledged. For example, the establishment of the Development Facilitation Act, the Botshabelo. Accord, the repeal of laws which made it impossible for people to take control of their destinies, are a few of these attempts. The emphasis in this study a placed on the involvement of people as a management tool in the development process.
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Die oorlewingstrategieë van huishoudings in die Mandela informele nedersettingRoos, Marisa 12 September 2012 (has links)
M.A. / Urbanization is a common feature worldwide and is even more prevalent in modern societies. This has brought tremendous changes to all known social structures. Third world countries, including South Africa, usually lack the capacity to effectively accommodate the influx from rural areas. A shortage of houses is the main reason for informal settlements being erected on the outskirts of these cities. Informal settlements are expanding almost daily. This can either be contributed to the insufficient infrastructures provided by third world cities or the influx of people from surrounding areas. There is a definite difference between the problems experienced by people living within the formal and informal parts of a city. The different type of problems experience by people living in different type of settlements has a direct influence on the survival of households in different settlements. Although previous studies have been conducted to determine the household structures in informal settlements, none have helped to give an understanding of the survival methods used by these settlements. Knowledge of their survival methods is needed to help support and develop these settlements. This study is therefore aimed at determining how these mostly unemployed and homeless people survive, considering their limited resources. A qualitative study was conducted, in the form of unstructured interviews, with the heads of twenty one households in Mandela informal settlement near Daveyton. Only twenty of the interviews were used for the purpose of this study. The main areas of investigation were: the biographical information of the households to determine whether different survival skills are used by certain household types, means to earn an income, the problems experienced with domestic services, and how different households solve these problems. In this study no indication could be found that there are links between the household structure, survival methods and problem solving skills of different households in the Mandela area. The normal household structures, such as nuclear family, single- and extended households, were found in Mandela. In this sample, most nuclear families consist of between two and six family members. Amount the respondents most working members of these households are employed in the informal sector. The respondents income range from 8500.00 to 81000.00 monthly. In this study is was found that households with no income rely heavily on family and friends for support. Most households in this study have running water, electricity, removal of refuse and sewerage systems in place. Most of the respondents in this study believe that these services are commodities. Except for their complaint about the costs involved, the respondents have no problems with the services. Households in study seem to have adapted to their circumstances and cope without amenities though people living in formal settlements would not. This, however, does not mean that they do not have the need for these services. After the study was conducted to find out whether the household that were interviewed in this study, use different type of strategies to survive in Mandela the findings indicated that there are perhaps no clear-cut survival strategies between different household types. Therefore the researcher argued that, perhaps living in an informal settlement is in itself a strategy of survival. This, however, needs to be further investigated.
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Design, fabrication, production and erection of elements for a low cost housing unitNxumalo, Mutshutshu January 1999 (has links)
Thesis submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Mechanical Engeering at Technikon Natal, 1999. / Housing is currently one of the most critical development areas in the Republic of South Africa (RSA). This developmental project forms part of a possible solution in the delivery of housing through mass production. The objective of this study is to establish a empathetic connection between modem geodesic construction and the traditional dome and to design an effective and efficient prefabricated dwelling unit suited to be easily built by semi-skilled persons. The success of this project will fulfill one of the major objectives of the RSA's Reconstruction and Development Programmes (RDP) - 'A better lifefor all'. / M
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