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1	The Secret Six and Their Theory of Autonomous Individualism Tatom, E. Lynn 12 1900 (has links) This paper focuses on the Secret Six who consisted of Theodore Parker, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Franklin Benjamin Sanborn, Samuel Gridley Howe, George Luther Stearns, and Gerrit Smith, and the concepts that these men believed in regarding the type of society they wanted established in the United States. The dominant theme in the minds of this Secret Six was the romantic belief in the free individual. The belief in the free individual living in a free, progressive society held out the promise that America could become a perfect community of autonomous individuals and an example for all the world. But the Secret Six realized that for America to be this perfect community of autonomous individuals, America had to be freed of any determinism in its institutions. These six crusaders had such faith in their theories of individualism, that they abandoned moral persuasion and accepted violence as the principal means of establishing their society. These men believed that only the type of an individual who was willing to use violence if necessary and to die for the dictates of his conscience, could reform America into a community that exemplified to the world a belief in the free individual. Harper's Ferry Transcendentalists abolitionists individualism American reformers Parker, Theodore, 1810-1860. Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Howe, S. G. (Samuel Gridley), 1801-1876. Smith, Gerrit, 1797-1874. Stearns, George Luther, 1809-1867. Transcendentalism (New England) Abolitionists. United States -- Intellectual life.
2	Philanthropic Colonialism: New England Philanthropy in Bleeding Kansas, 1854-1860 Howe, Elijah Cody 29 February 2012 (has links) Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In 1854 the United States Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska bill which left the question of slavery in the territory up to a vote of popular sovereignty. Upon the passage of the bill, New England’s most elite class of citizens, led by Eli Thayer, mobilized their networks of philanthropy in New England to ensure the Kansas-Nebraska territory did not embrace slavery. The effort by the New England elite to make the territories free was intertwined in a larger web of philanthropic motivations aimed to steer the future of America on a path that would replicate New England society throughout the country. The process and goal of their philanthropy in the Kansas-Nebraska Territory was not dissimilar from their philanthropy in New England. Moral classification of those in material poverty mixed with a dose of paternalism and free labor capitalism was the antidote to the disease of moral degradation and poverty. When Missourians resisted the encroachment of New Englanders on the frontier, the New England elites shifted their philanthropy from moral reform to the funding and facilitation of violence under the guise of philanthropy and disaster relief. For six years, until the outbreak of the American Civil War, New England philanthropists facilitated and helped fund the conflict known as Bleeding Kansas. History Philanthropy Bleeding Kansas New England Emigrant Aid Company New England Eli Thayer Amos Lawrence Samuel G. Howe Antebellum America Colonialism History of Philanthropy Territorial Kansas Missouri American Frontier Thayer, Eli, 1819-1899 Lawrence, Amos Adams, 1814-1886 Howe, S. G. (Samuel Gridley), 1801-1876 New England Emigrant Aid Company Kansas -- History -- 1854-1861 Charities -- History -- 19th century

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The Secret Six and Their Theory of Autonomous Individualism

Philanthropic Colonialism: New England Philanthropy in Bleeding Kansas, 1854-1860