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4 pp. / This fact sheet explores the socioeconomic and cultural aspects of the Hualapai reservation, and includes the extension program methods which work well on the reservation as well as collaborators who work with extension.

2 pp. / This fact sheet briefly describes the socioeconomic and cultural aspects of the Hualapai reservation.

2 pp. / This fact sheet briefly describes research protocol on the Hualapai reservation.

This is a slide show of selected photographs from the Hoover Dam Ethnographic Study.

Background: This research was designed to understand factors influencing Motor Vehicle Crashes (MVCs) on or near the Hualapai Tribe’s reservation in northwestern Arizona. The goal is to enable the Tribe to develop and implement a locally relevant MVC intervention program. The specific aims were to: i) compile and analyze 2010-2016 MVC data from Hualapai and federal sources to assess distributions of frequency, rates, high risk-locales, causes, days, times, age and sex of the drivers, in addition to assessing related conditions; ii) document local perceptions of environmental, social, and behavioral barriers to safe driving practices, and knowledge of MVC risk factors and existing tribal laws; and iii) provide evidence-based recommendations using the results from quantitative and qualitative data analyses. Approach/Methods: The research process applied a Community-Based Participatory Research approach and mixed methods using: a) secondary data analyses of records from six tribal programs and Indian Health Service (IHS), and b) qualitative analyses of data from two focus groups and field documents. Sensitivity analyses were conducted of IHS and Tribal Driving Under the Influence (DUI) data, using the 2010 U.S. Census as the denominator after adjusting for an undercount of up to 25%. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s Exact Test, and linear and logistic regressions were used to examine significance. MVCs per 10 miles per year were estimated for State Route 66 and Diamond Bar Road/Grand Canyon West on or near the reservation due to higher numbers of crashes. Statistical process control charts, especially g-charts monitoring time between events, were plotted to examine the stability in the number of MVCs over time for each road. NVivo11Pro© was used to code and analyze the focus group data, guided by both inductive and deductive theories. Results: Driver’s seatbelt use in the Hualapai community increased from 2010 to 2012 (p < .0005), and reported DUIs decreased from 2010 to 2016 (p = .027). Similarly, car/booster seat use improved from 2014 to 2015 (p < .0005). Two hundred and fifty (N = 250) MVC-related injuries were registered at IHS facilities for Hualapai community members between 2006 and 2015. The highest rate, 22.4%, was observed in 15- to 24-year-olds, followed by 21.6% in 55- to 64-year-olds. For several combinations of numerators and denominators, sensitivity analysis of the IHS data shows a clear disparity between the Tribe’s MVC rate compared to the 2008 U.S. rate of 771.4 nonfatal injuries per 100,000 persons and the national goal for Healthy People 2020 (694.3 nonfatal injuries/100,000 persons). The major themes emerged from qualitative analyses of the focus groups were: i) unsafe traffic infrastructures, ii) DUI, iii) repeated DUI offenders driving on the reservation, and iv) a perception of lenient tribal traffic laws and enforcement on the reservation. Using study results, five Public Service Announcements were co-developed to inspire community-members to continue the trends noted from 2010-2016 and be aware of continued risks. Conclusions: MVCs are a multidimensional issue needing communitywide awareness of the range of risk factors. An intervention that addresses human and structural risks requires an alliance of tribal programs and external partners (e.g., IHS, university, federal, and state). Recommendations: Local recommendations include providing school- and institution-based education about alcohol/alcoholism and DUI consequences, and ongoing culturally and locally relevant communitywide education through the local newsletter and radio station.

This is an American Indian ethnographic study for the Hoover Dam Bypass Project. The study sites included three bypass bridge alternatives, each located within one mile from where United States Highway 93 (U.S. 93), at the time of the study, crossed over the top of Hoover Dam at the Arizona-Nevada state line. Due to growth in population and commerce in the Southwest, the roadway at Hoover Dam has experienced a tremendous increase in traffic over the past 30 years, resulting in increased safety hazards to motorists, pedestrians, and the dam itself. Federal, state, and local governments have worked to find a solution to the impacts of increased traffic across Hoover Dam. This project was a continuation of EIS efforts that began in 1989. The goal of this project was to evaluate alternative crossings of the Colorado River near Hoover Dam. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential impacts to American Indian cultural resources related to the three proposed crossing alternatives. This report is an expanded version of the draft produced in 1998. In 2000, funding became available to carry out further ethnographic research and involve Mohave, Hualapai, and Southern Paiute people.

As part of the American Indian consultation process for the Hoover Dam Bypass Project the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) consults regularly with representatives of tribal groups that have an interest in cultural and traditional resources affected by the project plans and activities. The focus of this document is on information particular to understanding cultural landscapes and the long standing connections between the Southern Paiutes, Hualapais, and Mohaves and the revered sites of Sugarloaf Mountain and Goldstrike. In the end, these layered intertribal and geographic connections which link these sites met the criteria for establishing the eligibility of Sugarloaf Mountain and Gold Strike Canyon as Traditional Cultural Properties (TCPs). This report was prepared as part of the nomination process. Maps containing locations have been redacted from the public document. Tribal members who want a copy of the un-redacted report please contact Special Collections. Sugarloaf Mountain and Goldstrike Canyon officially were designated TCPs on September 4, 2004.

Under Cooperative Agreement Number H8601010007, BARA contracted with the NPS to amend the document review with primary data from representatives of the tribes that were found to be historically and culturally affiliated with Sunset Crater Volcano, Walnut Canyon, and Wupatki National Monument. Additionally, this addendum to the affiliation study includes information about traditional uses of park resources as described by tribal representatives. This information is critical to park management and for compliance with various laws, regulations, executive orders, and policies so that park managers can better address tribal requests for continued access and use of park resources. The first purpose of this study is to amend the completed literature search with primary data collected with tribal representatives of the six ethnic groups. This data will provide contemporary validation of the literature search and contribute additional information related to tribal affiliation. The second purpose of this study is to provide primary data about past and present tribal uses of park resources. As a Traditional Use Study of park resources, this effort contributes information essential to park management as well as to compliance with a myriad of laws, regulations, executive orders, and NPS policies. The specific objectives of this study include identification of natural resources at each park that are used for traditional purposes, descriptions of the cultural importance of these resources, and, where possible, links between contemporary resource use and records of historic use.

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