Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 campello_pl_me_jabo.pdf: 309625 bytes, checksum: 35a0866aed72234db966f60fb320f596 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Salmonella spp. é um dos patógenos mais comumente encontrados em infecções de origem alimentar em seres humanos. Ovos, produtos contendo ovos e carne de aves são os principais veículos de transmissão do microrganismo, representando um desafio para saúde pública. Com o intuito de pesquisar Salmonella spp. em ovos brancos destinados ao consumo humano foram analisadas, por meio de análise microbiológica convencional e pela Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase, 340 amostras compostas por cinco ovos cada, de quatro diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais. Foram observadas, do número total de amostras, cinco contaminadas pela bactéria (1,47%), sendo três provenientes do supermercado A (2,9%), uma do supermercado B (1,3%) e uma do supermercado D (1,3%) tanto na pesquisa bacteriológica quanto na PCR, não se isolando a bactéria em nenhuma das amostras do supermercado C. Os sorovares isolados nas amostras provenientes do supermercado A e B foram Salmonella Mbandaka e Salmonella enterica subespécie enterica 6,7: z10:- e Salmonella Braenderup no supermercado D. No teste para analisar o comportamento dos isolados frente a antimicrobianos, todas as estirpes apresentaram resistência a pelo menos três dos antimicrobianos testados. Os resultados demonstraram que ovos contaminados estão chegando à mesa dos consumidores, representando um risco a saúde da população / Salmonella spp. is one of the most common pathogens found in food-borne infections in humans. Products containing eggs and poultry meat are the main vehicles of transmission of microorganisms, representing a challenge for public health. In order to search for Salmonella spp. white eggs for human consumption were analyzed by methods of conventional microbiological analysis and by the Polymerase Chain Reaction, 340 samples composed of five eggs, of four different establishments. Of the total samples, five were contaminated by bacteria (1.47%). Three of them were from supermarket A (2.9%), one from supermarket B (1.3%) and one from supermarket D (1.3%), all contaminated in bacteriological analyzes and in PCR, and the bacteria was not isolated in the samples of the supermarket C. The serovars isolated in samples from the supermarket A and B were Salmonella Mbandaka and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica 6,7: z10: - and Salmonella Braenderup at the supermarket D. In a test to analyze the behavior of isolated bacteria against antimicrobial agents, all strains were resistant to at least three of the antimicrobials tested. The results showed that contaminated eggs are coming to the consumers table, representing a risk to health

Orientador: Angelo Berchieri Júnior / Banca: Oswaldo Durival Rossi Júnior / Banca: Nilce Maria Soares / Resumo: Salmonella spp. é um dos patógenos mais comumente encontrados em infecções de origem alimentar em seres humanos. Ovos, produtos contendo ovos e carne de aves são os principais veículos de transmissão do microrganismo, representando um desafio para saúde pública. Com o intuito de pesquisar Salmonella spp. em ovos brancos destinados ao consumo humano foram analisadas, por meio de análise microbiológica convencional e pela Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase, 340 amostras compostas por cinco ovos cada, de quatro diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais. Foram observadas, do número total de amostras, cinco contaminadas pela bactéria (1,47%), sendo três provenientes do supermercado A (2,9%), uma do supermercado B (1,3%) e uma do supermercado D (1,3%) tanto na pesquisa bacteriológica quanto na PCR, não se isolando a bactéria em nenhuma das amostras do supermercado C. Os sorovares isolados nas amostras provenientes do supermercado A e B foram Salmonella Mbandaka e Salmonella enterica subespécie enterica 6,7: z10:- e Salmonella Braenderup no supermercado D. No teste para analisar o comportamento dos isolados frente a antimicrobianos, todas as estirpes apresentaram resistência a pelo menos três dos antimicrobianos testados. Os resultados demonstraram que ovos contaminados estão chegando à mesa dos consumidores, representando um risco a saúde da população / Abstract: Salmonella spp. is one of the most common pathogens found in food-borne infections in humans. Products containing eggs and poultry meat are the main vehicles of transmission of microorganisms, representing a challenge for public health. In order to search for Salmonella spp. white eggs for human consumption were analyzed by methods of conventional microbiological analysis and by the Polymerase Chain Reaction, 340 samples composed of five eggs, of four different establishments. Of the total samples, five were contaminated by bacteria (1.47%). Three of them were from supermarket A (2.9%), one from supermarket B (1.3%) and one from supermarket D (1.3%), all contaminated in bacteriological analyzes and in PCR, and the bacteria was not isolated in the samples of the supermarket C. The serovars isolated in samples from the supermarket A and B were Salmonella Mbandaka and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica 6,7: z10: - and Salmonella Braenderup at the supermarket D. In a test to analyze the behavior of isolated bacteria against antimicrobial agents, all strains were resistant to at least three of the antimicrobials tested. The results showed that contaminated eggs are coming to the consumers table, representing a risk to health / Mestre

This thesis is concerned with the molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella in New Zealand and the development of source attribution tools for these pathogens. Although campylobacteriosis is the leading enteric zoonosis worldwide, the pathogen's complex epidemiology and di culties with existing typing schemes, have posed challenges for the control of this disease. The rst study of this thesis gives an overview of existing approaches to microbial risk assessment and source attribution, with particular respect to campylobacteriosis, and describes their advantages and shortcomings. Further, the chapter discusses phenoand genotyping techniques for Campylobacter spp. and the value of including microbial typing data in risk assessments. In the second study, data from a sentinel surveillance site in the Manawatu region was used to investigate the molecular epidemiology of human campylobacteriosis cases. This analysis revealed the presence of a dominant C. jejuni clone, namely sequence type (ST) 474, which accounted for 30.7 % of human cases in the study and identi ed risk factors for infection with ruminant and poultry associated STs. The third study investigated the link between C. jejuni in human cases and samples taken from poultry. By applying epidemiological and population genetic techniques this part of the thesis provided further evidence that poultry is a major contributor to human infection. In the fourth study an existing Bayesian source attribution model was modi ed and consecutively applied to New Zealand's major foodborne zoonoses: campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis. The majority (80 %) of human campylobacteriosis cases attributable to C. jejuni were estimated to have been acquired from poultry sources, whereas wildlife source were estimated to contribute only a minor proportion of cases. In the fth study the Salmonella dataset was descriptively analysed and a large proportion of human cases was found to be caused by `exotic' Salmonella types. In the nal study of this thesis four di erent genetic and epidemiological source attribution methodologies were applied to the same dataset in a comparative modelling framework. iv The studies in this thesis show that epidemiological studies combined with molecular tools and modeling can provide valuable risk-based tools to inform the surveillance and control of zoonotic pathogens. Methods from these studies may be readily applied to the control of other (food borne) zoonoses and provide new opportunities for epidemiological investigations and source attribution modelling of major pathogens.