Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 107 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-107).

Nowadays, the increasing amount of greenhouse gases and diminishing of the existing petroleum minerals for future generations, has led the automotive companies to think of producing vehicles with less emissions and fuel consumption. For this purpose, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have emerged in the recent decades. HEVs with different configurations have been introduced by engineers.The simulation platform aim for a parallel HEV, where the intention is to reduce the emissions and fuel consumption. The simulation platform includes an Electric Motor (EM) in addition to an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). A new transmission system is modeled which is compatible with parallel configuration for the HEV, where the inertial effects of the gearbox, clutch and driveline is formulated. The transmission system includes a gearbox which is equipped with synchronizers for smooth change of gears. The HEV is controlled by a rule based controller together with an optimization algorithm as power management strategy in order to have optimal fuel consumption. Using the rule based controller, the HEV is planned to be launched by EM in order to have a downsized clutch and ICE. The clutch modeling is the main focus of this study, where the slipping mechanism is considered in the simulation. In the driveline model, the flexibility effects of the propeller shaft and drive shaft is simulated, so that the model can capture the torsional vibrations of the driveline. The objective of modeling such a system is to reduce emissions and fuel consumption with the same performance of the conventional vehicle. To achieve this goal first a conventional vehicle is modeled and subsequently, a hybrid vehicle is modeled and finally the characteristics of the two simulated models are studied and compared with each other. Using the simulation platform, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, oscillations of propeller shaft and drive shaft, clutch actuations and couplings, energy dissipated by the clutch, torques provided by EM and ICE, fuel consumptions, emissions and calculation time are calculated and investigated. The hybridization results in a reduction in fuel consumption and emissions, moreover, the energy dissipated by the clutch and clutch couplings are decreased.

This thesis (1) reports a new Dynamic Programming (DP) approach, and (2) reports a Real Time Control strategy to optimize the energy management of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV). Increasing environmental concerns and rise in fuel prices in recent years has escalated interest in fuel efficient vehicles from government, consumers and car manufacturers. Due to this, Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) have gained popularity in recent years. HEV’s have two degrees of freedom for energy flow controls, and hence the performance of a HEV is strongly dependent on the control of the power split between thermal and electrical power sources. In this thesis backward-looking and forward-looking control strategies for two HEV architectures namely series and parallel HEV are developed. The new DP approach, in which the state variable is not discretized, is first introduced and a theoretical base is established. We then prove that the proposed DP produces globally optimal solution for a class of discrete systems. Then it is applied to optimize the fuel economy of HEV's. Simulations for the parallel and series HEV are then performed for multiple drive cycles and the improved fuel economy obtained by the new DP is compared to existing DP approaches. The results are then studied in detail and further improvements are suggested. A new Real Time Control Strategy (RTCS) based on the concept of preview control for online implementation is also developed in this thesis. It is then compared to an existing Equivalent Cost Minimization Strategy (ECMS) which does not require data to be known apriori. The improved fuel economy results of the RTCS for the series and parallel HEV are obtained for standard drive cycles and compared with the ECMS results

There is an increasing interest in sustainability and a growing debate about environmental policy measures aiming at the reduction of green house gas emissions across di erent economic sectors worldwide. The transportation sector is one major greenhouse gas emitter which is heavily regulated to reduce its dependance on oil. These regulations along with the growing customer awareness about global warming has led vehicle manufacturers to seek di erent technologies to improve vehicle e ciencies and reduce the green house gases emissions while at the same time meeting customer's expectation of mobility and exibility. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) is one major promising solution for a smooth transition from oil dependent transportation sector to a clean electric based sector while not compromising the mobility and exibility of the drivers. In the medium term, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) can lead to signi cant reductions in transportation emissions. These vehicles are equipped with a larger battery than regular hybrid electric vehicles which can be recharged from the grid. For short trips, the PHEV can depend solely on the electric engine while for longer journeys the alternative fuel can assist the electric engine to achieve extended ranges. This is bene cial when the use pattern is mixed such that and short long distances needs to be covered. The plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are well-suited for logistics since they can avoid the possible disruption caused by charge depletion in case of all-electric vehicles with tight time schedules. The use of electricity and fuel gives rise to a new variant of the classical vehicle routing with time windows which we call the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle routing problem with time windows (PHEVRPTW). The objective of the PHEVRPTW is to minimize the routing costs of a eet of PHEVs by minimizing the time they run on gasoline while meeting the demand during the available time windows. As a result, the driver of the PHEV has two decisions to make at each node: (1) recharge the vehicle battery to achieve a longer range using electricity, or (2) continue to the next open time window with the option of using the alternative fuel. In this thesis, we present a mathematical formulation for the plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle routing problem with time windows. We solve this problem using a Lagrangian relaxation and we propose a new tabu search algorithm. We also present the rst results for the full adapted Solomon instances.

This thesis focuses on the feasibility of designing a commercial hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In this work, relevant system models are developed for the vehicle including powertrain, braking system, electrical machines and battery. Based on these models ten different HEV configurations are assembled for detailed assessment of fuel consumption. This thesis also proposes a smart power management strategy which could be applied to any kind of HEV configuration. The suggested expert system deals with the external information about the driving conditions and modes of the driver as well as the internal states of the internal combustion engine efficiency and the state of charge of the battery, and decides on the power distribution between two different power supplies based on the predefined algorithms. The study illustrates the characteristics of the powertrain components for various HEV configurations. The work also shows the power flow of HEV configurations with the developed smart power management system and therefore, the effectiveness of power management strategies has been evaluated in detail.

Thesis (M.S.) -- Mississippi State University. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.E. Mechanical Engineering)--University of Waikato, 2008. / Title from PDF cover (viewed October 2, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-136)

Thesis (M.S.) -- Mississippi State University. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Franco Giuseppe Dedini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T03:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_ReynaldoBarrosde_M.pdf: 4185752 bytes, checksum: ed943a90ea99ae1eba06b60915cb20d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da tecnologia de veículos híbridos abrangendo os aspectos da propulsão e armazenamento de energia. O desenvolvimento de veículos com maior eficiência energética depende da análise das características de desempenho do veículo, bem como suas condições de utilização. O dimensionamento dos armazenadores de energia é considerado um desafio visto que, o sobredimensionamento da capacidade reduz a eficiência global do veículo, devido ao acréscimo de peso, enquanto que o subdimensionamento resulta numa utilização parcial do potencial de veículos híbridos. Através de um modelo de dinâmica veicular longitudinal serão realizadas simulações em três configurações de veículos e a comparação entre seus resultados. As forças requeridas no movimento de um veículo, resistência ao rolamento, resistência à inclinação e arrasto aerodinâmico, são dependentes do trajeto percorrido pelo usuário. As condições de utilização devem ser representadas em ciclos de condução padrão, utilizados em testes de emissões de poluentes e consumo de combustível, estes serão apresentados e discutidos. A partir das simulações realizadas são analisadas as demandas de potência e energia, provendo uma indicação dos benefícios de um sistema híbrido no desempenho e consumo de combustível. Observa-se uma redução expressiva no consumo energético e conseqüente menor utilização de combustível e menor custo de utilização, embora a tecnologia híbrida agregue um maior custo inicial / Abstract: This paper focus on the study of energy storage and management for hybrid electric vehicles. The development of higher efficiency vehicles depends on the analysis of vehicle performance characteristics and driving conditions. Sizing the energy capacity of the storage system, using batteries or other kinds of electric components, can be considered a big challenge once oversizing means inefficiency due to the increase of weight and undersizing results in partial use of hybrid advantages. The forces involved in a vehicle movement such as aerodynamic drag, rolling resistance and grading resistance, are fully dependent on the conditions of every possible course the driver might run, most situations should be represented on the driving pattern cycle, used for emissions and consumption tests, which will be presented and discussed. Modeling vehicle dynamic to analyze power and energy demand of each vehicle during different test cycles provides an indication of the benefits on hybrid system for performance and fuel consumption. . The results show a significant reduction on energy consumption and consequently also on driving costs / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Franco Giuseppe Dedini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santiciolli_FabioMazzariol_M.pdf: 3517962 bytes, checksum: dce3e151594966ee424d36ea933a24f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem a intenção de contribuir com o projeto de veículos elétricos híbridos com foco no compromisso entre economia de combustível e custo de rodagem. Com esta finalidade, faz-se uma revisão sobre a modelagem de alguns dos principais subsistemas dos veículos elétricos híbridos, como ultracapacitores, baterias, motores elétricos e motores de combustão interna, bem como sobre as formas de associação destes subsistemas em torno do veículo completo. Também se revisam os fatores que compõe a dinâmica veicular longitudinal como o Arrasto Aerodinâmico, a Resistência à Rolagem e a Resistência ao Aclive. Após o domínio dos subsistemas mais importantes e da dinâmica veicular, montam-se modelos matemáticos de veículos completos e em torno de simulações computacionais. Neste estudo fazem-se quatro tipos de simulações principais, uma relativa a um veículo convencional e outras três versões alternativas hibridizadas, variando-se o modo de associação entre baterias, ultracapacitores, choppers e motores elétricos. Em sequência, para cada versão otimizam-se os armazenadores em função da capacidade de tração elétrica e do ciclo brasileiro normatizado de condução urbana. Por fim faz-se uma análise crítica dos resultados / Abstract: This research intends to contribute to the design of hybrid electric vehicles focusing on compromise between fuel economy and running costs. For this purpose, it contains a review on the modeling of some of the main subsystems of hybrid electric vehicles, such as ultracapacitors, batteries, electric motors and internal combustion engines, as well as the forms of associating these subsystems around the whole vehicle. It also revises the factors that compose the longitudinal vehicle dynamics like Aerodynamic Drag, Rolling Resistance and Uphill Resistance. After the dominance of the main subsystems and vehicle dynamics, it describes the mathematical models of complete vehicles and around computer simulations. This study contains four main types of simulations, relative to a conventional vehicle and three other alternatives hybridized versions, varying the mode of association between batteries, ultracapacitors, choppers and electric motors. In sequence, to the amount of electric traction and the Brazilian standardized urban driving cycle are the parameters that command the optimization of each version is the energy stores. Finally it finishes in a critical analysis of the results / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica