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by Cheng Hong Yung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-93). / Text in English; abstract also in Chinese. / by Cheng Hong Yung. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction to sonoluminescence --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Motion of a bubble in liquid --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Trapping the bubble --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Motion of the bubble wall --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Calculation and discussion --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Factors affecting the bubble's motion --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- More on Bjerknes force --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4 --- Chapter summary --- p.18 / Chapter 3 --- Effect of mass diffusion on the bubble --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- Mass diffusion across the bubble wall --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results and discussion --- p.22 / Chapter 3.3 --- The role of noble gases in SL --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4 --- Chapter summary --- p.29 / Chapter 4 --- Hydro dynamics of an SL bubble --- p.30 / Chapter 4.1 --- Hydrodynamic model --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2 --- Navier-Stoke and Euler equations --- p.35 / Chapter 4.3 --- "Equation, of state of the gas in the bubble" --- p.37 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Equation of state of air --- p.37 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Equation of state of argon --- p.39 / Chapter 4.4 --- Energy equation of the liquid --- p.40 / Chapter 4.5 --- Boundary conditions for the problem --- p.41 / Chapter 4.6 --- Motion of the bubble wall --- p.42 / Chapter 4.7 --- Equation for the power radiated by the bubble --- p.43 / Chapter 4.8 --- Numerical methods --- p.44 / Chapter 4.9 --- Chapter summary --- p.45 / Chapter 5 --- Physical parameters affecting SL --- p.46 / Chapter 5.1 --- Effect of liquid compressibility --- p.47 / Chapter 5.2 --- Effect of thermal conduction across the bubble wall --- p.58 / Chapter 5.3 --- Effect of surface tension --- p.61 / Chapter 5.4 --- Effects of the EOS's --- p.65 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Effect on air --- p.55 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Effect on argon --- p.53 / Chapter 5.5 --- Effects of the bubble gas content --- p.72 / Chapter 5.6 --- Existence of shock-free picosecond pulse --- p.73 / Chapter 5.7 --- Chapter summary --- p.78 / Chapter 6 --- Summary --- p.80 / Chapter A --- Numerical schemes for the energy equation in the liquid --- p.82 / Chapter B --- Numerical schemes for the gas dynamics --- p.84 / Chapter B.l --- The predictor-corrector method --- p.84 / Chapter B.2 --- The TVD scheme --- p.85

"Despite its size the humpback whale is extremely maneuverable. This has been attributed to their use of pectoral flippers, along which protuberances are present along the leading edge. There has been speculation that the protuberances along the leading edge of the pectoral flipper act as a form of passive flow control. To examine the effects of protuberances on hydrofoil performance, the lift, drag, and pitching moments of two-dimensional hydrofoils with leading edge sinusoidal protuberances were measured in a water tunnel and compared to those of a baseline NACA 634-021 hydrofoil. The amplitude of the protuberances ranged from 2.5% to 12% of the mean chord length and the spanwise wavelengths were 25% and 50% of the mean chord length. This corresponds to the morphology found on the leading edge of humpback whale’s flippers. Flow visualization using tufts and dye was also performed to examine the near surface flow patterns surrounding the hydrofoils. At angles of attack lower than the stall angle of the baseline the modified foils revealed reduced lift and increased drag. However, above this angle the lift generated by the modified foils was up to 50% greater than the baseline foil with little or no drag penalty. The amplitude of the protuberances has a large effect on the performance of the hydrofoils whereas the wavelength has little. Corroborating lift and drag measurements, visualizations show attached flow on the peaks of the protuberances and separation in the valleys at angles beyond the stall angle of the baseline foil."

The interface between land and water is often a dynamic zone that responds to relatively short-term climatic and hydrologic forces. Coastal salt marshes occupy this zone between land and sea and typically are comprised of vegetated marsh intersected by channels and shallow ponds that are subject to flooding by winds, tides, and storm surges. Coastal salt marshes are widely regarded as zones of high macrophyte productivity. However, microalgae may contribute more to salt marsh productivity than previously realized, underscoring the importance of understanding algal dynamics in such systems. Benthic and planktonic chlorophyll-a (surrogate for total algal biomass), sediment AFDW, total suspended solids, salinity, and nutrients were examined in marsh ponds in the subtropical Guadalupe Estuary, TX, USA to determine the effects of hydrologic connections on algal biomass in this system. From May 2005 – May 2006 there were several pond connection, disconnection, and desiccation events. During periods of disconnection, algal biomass was higher in both the benthos and the water column than during connection events when supposed flushing occurred. Connection events also flushed out high NH4 accumulating in pond surface waters, but did not increase NOx. Therefore, the primary source of DIN seemed to be nutrient cycling within the ponds. There was a temporal effect on surface water salinity, which increased throughout the sampling period as bay water levels and subsequent pond connections decreased, demonstrating interannual variability and the link between seasons (wet vs. dry) and marsh inundation patterns (high water periods vs. low water periods) in this estuary.

Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: self-similarity; polymer self-diffusion; hydrodynamic. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84).

Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Peter C. Chu. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53). Also available online.