Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-20T18:27:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marciomalafaiafilho.pdf: 3174349 bytes, checksum: be5afdfc53cbb28cf2e49c0dcae4ca22 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-22T15:19:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marciomalafaiafilho.pdf: 3174349 bytes, checksum: be5afdfc53cbb28cf2e49c0dcae4ca22 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T15:19:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marciomalafaiafilho.pdf: 3174349 bytes, checksum: be5afdfc53cbb28cf2e49c0dcae4ca22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A água tem fundamental importância para a vida na Terra. Cerca de 70% da superfície terrestre é coberta por água, sendo que a maior parte dela pelos oceanos. Do total das águas, 3,46% encontram-se nos continentes. Todavia, os números sobre a área da superfície aquática continental no planeta são muito variáveis, pois geralmente negligenciam a superfície total dos corpos d’água de menores dimensões. Portanto, este estudo estimar o comprimento da rede hidrográfica brasileira, bem como sua distribuição sobre as 12 Regiões Hidrográficas do Brasil, através do uso do Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) e de técnicas de geoprocessamento apoiadas nos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Além do comprimento, estimado em 7.325.672 Km – correspondente à soma de todos os rios do território brasileiro, discriminaram-se as ordens dos rios segundo a metodologia proposta por Strahler, metodologia esta que busca uma hierarquização dos córregos e rios. Nesta discriminação observou-se que os rios de primeira ordem (os que se comunicam diretamente com as nascentes) representam 51% do comprimento total dos rios e córregos em território nacional, indicando que os menores rios são mais abundantes que os rios maiores. / It is well-established that water has a crucial importance to life on Earth. Nearly 70% of the Earth surface is covered by water, being the greatest part of it covered by the oceans. Out of all the water on Earth, 3.46% can be found in continents. However, the numbers concerning the continental water surface of the planet are changeable, once researchers generally do not consider the total surface of smaller water bodies. Therefore, this study aims at estimating the length of the Brazilian hydrographic network, as well as its distribution over 12 Brazilian hydrographic regions, by means of the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM). The study included geoprocessing techniques supported by the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In addition to an estimated length of 7,325,672 km – correspondent to the sum of all the Brazilian rivers, this work also discriminated the stream order, as proposed by Strahler’s methodology, which casts about for the hierarchy of both rivers and streams. Through this discrimination, it was observed that first order rivers (those which communicate directly with their source) represent 51% of the total length of the rivers and streams inside the Brazilian territory, thus indicating that small rivers are most abundant than large ones.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karen Aparecida de Oliveira.pdf: 20558400 bytes, checksum: 828c3d06374244ce40cb5bae107104ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Methods of morphostructural analysis, based on morphometric indices constitute important tools to assess the behavior of hydrographic systems. They are cheap and quick methods of collecting information, passable to correlate with field data. Backed up on this assertive, the aims of the research was to characterize the main morphostructural in behavior of drainage network in hydrographic basin of Alto Pitangui, Paraná. The Pitangui River tributary the of Tibagi, classified as antecedent river, transits among the igneous and metamorphic rock belonging to Cunhaporanga Granitic Complex and Itaiacoca Group, the Paranaense First Plateau, in its upper course, and Paleozoic rocks of the eastern edge of the Paraná Basin, in the Secound Plateau, the middle and lower course. The morphometry has relied on data extraction about Stream-length index (SL index), Asymmetric Factor (AF) and Drainage Basin Symmetry (DBS), longitudinal profile and transverse profile the basin. The study area has a strong structural and tectonic control which directly influences in elongated shape, NE-SW direction, of the hydrographic basin, with the main channel sometimes notched and embedded into strutural lineaments, or an extensive flood plain in assymmetric valleys and presence of terraces and oxbow lakes. Its main characteristic is represented by longitudunal misfit. The gradient index made possible the detection of 6 snippets with anomalous gradients distribued along its course. Are anomalies of second order, associated to lithological changes, or relief lineaments and channel confluences. The varation in the main channel behavior and some of its tributaries has a direct relation to the fact circular by a morphostrutural transition region, with strong influences of Ponta Grossa Arch and the Devonian Escarpment presence. The Upper course Pitangui River reflects scathing manner the importance of tectonic events and geological context to with is inserted, presenting diverse anomalies, which are indicate imbalances located along some drainages. / Os métodos de análise morfoestrutural, baseados em índices morfométricos, constituem-se em importantes ferramentas para avaliação do comportamento dos sistemas hidrográficos. São métodos baratos e rápidos na obtenção de informações quase sempre passíveis de correlação com aqueles obtidos por trabalho de campo. Apoiado nesta assertiva, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar as principais influencias morfoestrutural no comportamento da rede de drenagem da bacia hidrográfica do Alto Pitangui, Paraná. O Rio Pitangui, afluente do Tibagi, classificado como rio antecedente, transita pelas rochas ígneas e metamórficas pertencentes ao Complexo Granítico Cunhaporanga e ao Grupo Itaiacoca, no Primeiro Planalto Paranaense, em seu alto curso, e as rochas paleozoicas da borda leste da Bacia do Paraná, no Segundo Planalto, no médio e baixo curso. A morfometria apoiou-se na extração de dados sobre o índice de Relação Declividade-Extensão (RDE), Fator de Assimetria de Bacias (FAB) e Fator de Simetria Topográfica Transversal (FSTT), perfil longitudinal e transversal da bacia. A área de estudo possui um forte controle estrutural e tectônico que influenciam diretamente na forma alongada, sentido NE-SW, da bacia hidrográfica, com o canal principal por vezes entalhado e encaixado em lineamentos estruturais, ou numa extensa planície de inundação em vales assimétricos e presença de terraços e meandros abandonados. Sua característica principal é representada pelo desajuste longitudinal. O Índice de Gradiente possibilitou a detecção de seis trechos com gradientes anômalos distribuídos ao longo de seu curso. São anomalias de 2º ordem, associadas às mudanças litológicas, aos lineamentos do relevo e ao encontro de tributários significativos. As variações no comportamento do canal principal e alguns de seus afluentes têm uma relação direta com o fato de circular por uma região de transição morfoestrutural, com forte influência do Arco de Ponta Grossa e da presença Escarpa Devoniana. O Alto Curso do Rio Pitangui reflete de forma contundente a importância dos eventos tectônicos e do contexto geológico ao qual se insere, apresentando diversas anomalias, que estão a indicar desequilíbrios localizados ao longo de algumas drenagens.

Selon la Directive Cadre européenne sur l’Eau (DCE), le bon état écologique de tous les milieux aquatiques devra être atteint d’ici 2015. Cet état s’évalue en grande partie au moyen de paramètres biologiques, eux-mêmes régis par les conditions physico-chimiques et hydromorphologiques des masses d’eau. Pour atteindre les objectifs de la DCE, l’évaluation de l’état physique du réseau hydrographique apparaît comme une phase essentielle alors que cette question relève encore pour certains aspects de la recherche fondamentale. La mise en oeuvre de cette étape à l’échelle du bassin du Rhône entraîne un certain nombre de questions scientifiques auxquelles il est nécessaire de répondre avant d’envisager toute application. En effet, les connaissances dans les domaines de la géomorphologie ou de l’hydrologie sont aujourd’hui suffisantes à l’échelle locale pour envisager de régionaliser ce type d’informations. Cependant le changement d’échelle est à l’origine de contraintes méthodologiques importantes liées notamment à la très grande hétérogénéité des milieux à caractériser.L'objectif de cette thèse est donc double. D’une part, il s’agit de mettre en place des outils géomatiques permettant d’obtenir une vision globale et homogène des caractéristiques physiques du réseau hydrographique. Pour cela, nous proposons (i) de développer une méthodologie d’extraction de l’information à partir de données vectorielles ou rasters, et (ii) de définir des indicateurs pertinents de caractérisation hydrogéomorphologique. D’autre part, ces outils et cette méthode ont été testés et appliqués sur le réseau hydrographique du Rhône afin d’évaluer leur efficacité et de proposer des éléments fiables de caractérisation des conditions physiques à large échelle. / According to the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the good ecological status of all aquatic environments should be achieved by 2015. This status is evaluated largely using biological parameters, which are controlled by the physico-chemical and hydromorphological conditions of water bodies. To achieve the objectives of the WFD, assessing the physical condition of the hydrographic network appears to be a prerequisite, yet this issue still requires research of a fundamental nature. This stage in the basin of the Rhône raises a number of scientific issues which it is necessary to answer before considering practical application. In fact, knowledge of geomorphology and hydrology is now sufficient at a local scale and we can envisage applying this information at a regional scale. However, the change of scale results in important methodological constraints linked in particular to the great heterogeneity of environments.This thesis has two objectives. The first one is to implement geomatic tools to obtain an overall and homogeneous characterisation of the physical network. We propose to develop a methodology to extract information. Second, these tools and methodology will be tested and applied to the Rhône River system to evaluate their effectiveness and to provide reliable evidence for the characterization of large-scale physical conditions.

Les reliefs résultent d'une interaction entre de nombreux processus qui mettent en jeu des couplages complexes : climat, tectonique, érosion, impact anthropique, etc. Dans les paysages dominés par l'érosion fluviatile, la morphologie du relief est étroitement liée à la structure du réseau hydrographique. Ce dernier joue un rôle important dans les couplages entre les processus de surface (processus fluviaux et processus de versants). De nombreuses évidences de captures entre rivières provoquant des réorganisations du réseau hydrographique suggèrent que le réseau de drainage évolue, et il est loin d'être fixe comme le suggèrent certains modèles numériques d'évolution du paysage. Néanmoins, les travaux s'intéressant aux causes et aux mécanismes de ces réorganisations sont peu nombreux, et essentiellement qualitatifs. L'objectif de cette thèse a été de quantifier et de modéliser la réorganisation des réseaux hydrographiques par mécanisme de capture par rivières pirates dans le cadre d'un enfoncement relatif entre deux bassins, où l'avancement (par érosion régressive) de la tête de vallée de la rivière pirate provoque le détournement d'une rivière qui coule à proximité. Le comportement des Modèles numériques d'Evolution des Paysages (MEP) et plus particulièrement l'influence des paramètres de contrôle, ont été étudiés. L'expérimentation a été réalisée avec le logiciel GOLEM qui a été adapté aux besoins. L'étude s'est principalement portée sur le cas de l'évolution du réseau hydrographique de la partie française de la Meuse, qui a connue de nombreuses captures par le passé (capture de la Haute-Moselle par la Meurthe, capture de l'Aire par l'Aisne) et dont les caractéristiques actuelles sont favorables à de nouvelles captures (le lit de la Meuse se trouve perché à plus de 50m au dessus des vallées qui l'entourent (le lit de la Meuse se trouve perché à plus de 50m au dessus des vallées qui l'entourent : la Marne à l'ouest et la Moselle à l'est). / Landforms result from interaction between several processes, involving complex coupling: climate, tectonics, erosion, human impact, etc. In landscapes dominated by fluvial erosion, terrain morphology is closely related to the hydrographic network system. Because the latter plays an important role in the surface processes coupling (fluvial processes and hillslope processes). Many evidences of stream piracies causing reorganization of hydrographic network suggest that the drainage system is changing, and it is far from being fixe as propose some numerical landscape evolution models. Nevertheless, works focusing on causes and mechanisms of these reorganizations are very few and they are largely qualitative. The aim of this thesis is to quantify and describe the reorganization of hydrographic networks provoked by headward piracy mechanism in the case of relative lowering between two basins, where the riverhead progress by headward erosion causing the diversion of a river flowing nearby. The problem is tackled with a numerical modeling approach. We emphasis on the evolution of the hydrographic networks of the French part of the Meuse basin, where several piracies were recorded in the past (the piracy of the Upper-Moselle by the Meurthe and the piracy of the Aire by the Aisne), and which current characteristics are favorable to new piracies (the Meuse river bed is perched at more than 50m comparing to its surrounding valleys (the Meuse river bed is perched at more than 50m comparing to its surrounding valleys: Marne at the west and the Moselle at the east).