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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Turfeiras do Sorocá-Mirim, Ibiúna, SP / Sorocá-Mirims peatlands, Ibiúna, SP

Cardona, Otávio Cardoso 05 December 2017 (has links)
A Bacia hidrográfica do Rio Sorocá-Mirim encontra-se no Planalto de Ibiúna, que faz parte de um conjunto de blocos falhados formando grábens e meio grábens, que compõem um sistema de bloqueio estrutural onde a água é aprisionada em sub superfície criando as condições ideais para a formação de turfeiras. Características como a geometria dos interflúvios, a assimetria das vertentes e das planícies de inundação e também a disposição da rede de drenagem, denotam a grande influência das estruturas geológicas nesta bacia hidrográfica. As zonas de acumulação de matéria orgânica encontradas na Bacia do Sorocá-Mirim estão vinculadas à ambientes fluviais particulares, relacionados ao controle estrutural, que é característica marcante da área. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar turfeiras, em dois ambientes fluviais diferentes (terraço e anfiteatro) em relação às suas características físicas, químicas, orgânicas e sua distribuição areolar para entender como a formação destas turfeiras foi influenciada por esses ambientes. O levantamento topográfico das duas áreas, assim como uma série de ensaios e análises laboratoriais demonstraram que as turfeiras dos dois ambientes apresentam idades diferentes em aproximadamente 1000 anos (turfeira da área 2, terraço, mais antiga do que a turfeira da área 1, anfiteatro), mesmo tipo de plantas acumuladas ao longo destes anos e diferenças principalmente no que se refere à posição preferencial ao acúmulo da matéria orgânica e à variações, no sentido das maiores profundidades, de diversos parâmetros observados. Verificou-se que a área 1 sofreu maiores alterações do modelado, e consequentemente nas suas condições hidrológicas ao longo dos tempos, passando a ser um ambiente mais drenado, mais oxigenado, com uma turfeira que apresentou resultados laboratoriais mais heterogêneos, com concentrações de matéria orgânica e dos elementos vinculados a ela, variando bastante ao longo da feição. A área 2 não sofreu grandes alterações no modelado, mantendo-se mais úmida ao longo do tempo o que acarretou em uma turfeira mais homogênea com valores mais constantes de matéria orgânica e dos elementos vinculados a ela, ao longo da feição. Essas diferenças são reflexo da influência do modelado nos processos de acumulação da matéria orgânica, onde em cada feição (terraço, ou anfiteatro) a matéria orgânica é acumulada em posições específicas, sofrendo maior ou menor interferência de materiais minerais adjacentes; e principalmente o modelado controla as condições hidrológicas, diferentes, em cada uma das feições, fazendo com o que o ambiente seja mais ou menos úmido e desta forma sendo o elemento principal de controle dos processos de evolução da matéria orgânica. / The Sorocá-Mirim River basin is located on the Ibiúna Plateau, wich is part of a set of failed blocks forming grabens and half grabens, which makes up a structural block system where water is trapped in sub-surface creating the ideal conditions for the formation of peatlands. Characteristics such as the geometry of interfluves, the asymmetry of slopes and flood plains and also the layout of the drainage network, denote the great influence of the geological structures in this basin. The areas of accumulation of organic matter found in the Sorocá-Mirim Basin are linked to particular fluvial environments, related to structural control, which is a characteristic feature of the area. The present study aimed to study peatlands in two different fluvial environments (terrace and amphitheater) in relation to their physical, chemical, and organic characteristics and their areolar distribution to understand how the formation of these peatlands was influenced by these environments. The topographic survey of the two areas, as well as a series of laboratory tests and analyzes showed that the peatlands of the two environments present different ages in approximately 1000 years (peatland of area 2 older than the peatland of area 1), same type of plants, accumulated along these years and differences mainly with respect to the preferential position to the accumulation of the organic matter and the variations, in the direction of the greater depths, of several observed parameters. It was verified that area 1 underwent major alterations in the landform, and consequently in its hydrological conditions over time, becoming a more drained, more oxygenated environment, with a peatland that presented more heterogenous laboratory results, with concentrations of organic matter and the elements attached to it, varying greatly throughout the feature. Area 2 did not undergo major alterations in the landform, remaining wetter over time which resulted in a more homogeneous peat with more constant values of organic matter and the elements bound to it, along the feature. These differences reflect the influence of landform on the processes of organic matter accumulation, where in each feature (terrace or amphitheater) the organic matter is accumulated in specific positions, suffering more or less interference of adjacent mineral materials; and mainly the landform controls the different hydrological conditions in each of the features, making the environment more or less moist and thus being the main element of control of the evolution processes of organic matter. The work showed that landform is the main conditioning element of the humidity of the environments and consequently of the processes of evolution and the characteristics of the peatlands.
2

Vulnerability of a Run-of-River Irrigation Scheme to Extreme Hydrological Conditions - A Case Study of the Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme, Malawi

Johnstone, James 15 September 2011 (has links)
Irrigation plays an extremely important role in agriculture but climate change is predicted to modify climate patterns with potentially devastating consequences for irrigation. Potential impacts and adaptations are known, but not how implementation strategies may be implemented at the individual irrigation scheme level. Using a case study approach and qualitative research methods this thesis describes the Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme (BVIS), Malawi in order to explain how water is managed. Subsequently, historical adaptations are described in order to draw conclusions concerning the vulnerability of the BVIS under normal and extreme hydrological conditions. The BVIS is vulnerable in all conditions because it utilizes a common pool resource. As water supply decreases, irrigation water management becomes less and less equitable which makes the system extremely sensitive to changes in water supply. Capacity to adapt to climate change is limited to funding provided by external agencies which currently limit adaptations to reactive changes
3

Turfeiras do Sorocá-Mirim, Ibiúna, SP / Sorocá-Mirims peatlands, Ibiúna, SP

Otávio Cardoso Cardona 05 December 2017 (has links)
A Bacia hidrográfica do Rio Sorocá-Mirim encontra-se no Planalto de Ibiúna, que faz parte de um conjunto de blocos falhados formando grábens e meio grábens, que compõem um sistema de bloqueio estrutural onde a água é aprisionada em sub superfície criando as condições ideais para a formação de turfeiras. Características como a geometria dos interflúvios, a assimetria das vertentes e das planícies de inundação e também a disposição da rede de drenagem, denotam a grande influência das estruturas geológicas nesta bacia hidrográfica. As zonas de acumulação de matéria orgânica encontradas na Bacia do Sorocá-Mirim estão vinculadas à ambientes fluviais particulares, relacionados ao controle estrutural, que é característica marcante da área. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar turfeiras, em dois ambientes fluviais diferentes (terraço e anfiteatro) em relação às suas características físicas, químicas, orgânicas e sua distribuição areolar para entender como a formação destas turfeiras foi influenciada por esses ambientes. O levantamento topográfico das duas áreas, assim como uma série de ensaios e análises laboratoriais demonstraram que as turfeiras dos dois ambientes apresentam idades diferentes em aproximadamente 1000 anos (turfeira da área 2, terraço, mais antiga do que a turfeira da área 1, anfiteatro), mesmo tipo de plantas acumuladas ao longo destes anos e diferenças principalmente no que se refere à posição preferencial ao acúmulo da matéria orgânica e à variações, no sentido das maiores profundidades, de diversos parâmetros observados. Verificou-se que a área 1 sofreu maiores alterações do modelado, e consequentemente nas suas condições hidrológicas ao longo dos tempos, passando a ser um ambiente mais drenado, mais oxigenado, com uma turfeira que apresentou resultados laboratoriais mais heterogêneos, com concentrações de matéria orgânica e dos elementos vinculados a ela, variando bastante ao longo da feição. A área 2 não sofreu grandes alterações no modelado, mantendo-se mais úmida ao longo do tempo o que acarretou em uma turfeira mais homogênea com valores mais constantes de matéria orgânica e dos elementos vinculados a ela, ao longo da feição. Essas diferenças são reflexo da influência do modelado nos processos de acumulação da matéria orgânica, onde em cada feição (terraço, ou anfiteatro) a matéria orgânica é acumulada em posições específicas, sofrendo maior ou menor interferência de materiais minerais adjacentes; e principalmente o modelado controla as condições hidrológicas, diferentes, em cada uma das feições, fazendo com o que o ambiente seja mais ou menos úmido e desta forma sendo o elemento principal de controle dos processos de evolução da matéria orgânica. / The Sorocá-Mirim River basin is located on the Ibiúna Plateau, wich is part of a set of failed blocks forming grabens and half grabens, which makes up a structural block system where water is trapped in sub-surface creating the ideal conditions for the formation of peatlands. Characteristics such as the geometry of interfluves, the asymmetry of slopes and flood plains and also the layout of the drainage network, denote the great influence of the geological structures in this basin. The areas of accumulation of organic matter found in the Sorocá-Mirim Basin are linked to particular fluvial environments, related to structural control, which is a characteristic feature of the area. The present study aimed to study peatlands in two different fluvial environments (terrace and amphitheater) in relation to their physical, chemical, and organic characteristics and their areolar distribution to understand how the formation of these peatlands was influenced by these environments. The topographic survey of the two areas, as well as a series of laboratory tests and analyzes showed that the peatlands of the two environments present different ages in approximately 1000 years (peatland of area 2 older than the peatland of area 1), same type of plants, accumulated along these years and differences mainly with respect to the preferential position to the accumulation of the organic matter and the variations, in the direction of the greater depths, of several observed parameters. It was verified that area 1 underwent major alterations in the landform, and consequently in its hydrological conditions over time, becoming a more drained, more oxygenated environment, with a peatland that presented more heterogenous laboratory results, with concentrations of organic matter and the elements attached to it, varying greatly throughout the feature. Area 2 did not undergo major alterations in the landform, remaining wetter over time which resulted in a more homogeneous peat with more constant values of organic matter and the elements bound to it, along the feature. These differences reflect the influence of landform on the processes of organic matter accumulation, where in each feature (terrace or amphitheater) the organic matter is accumulated in specific positions, suffering more or less interference of adjacent mineral materials; and mainly the landform controls the different hydrological conditions in each of the features, making the environment more or less moist and thus being the main element of control of the evolution processes of organic matter. The work showed that landform is the main conditioning element of the humidity of the environments and consequently of the processes of evolution and the characteristics of the peatlands.
4

Transport and degradation of pesticides in wetland systems : a downscaling approach

Maillard, Elodie 14 March 2014 (has links) (PDF)
A mechanistic understanding of transport and degradation processes of modern agricultural pesticides, including chiral pesticides, is critical for predicting their fate in the environment. In agricultural landscapes, wetlands can intercept pesticide-contaminated runoff or groundwater and improve water quality through various retention and degradation processes, which remain unknown. In a downscaling approach, three different wetlands receiving agricultural runoff were used as 'natural laboratories' to investigate the fate of widely used pesticides. Overall, our results showed that dynamics of hydrological and redox conditions largely influenced pesticide sorption mechanisms and their distribution over time within wetland compartments, thereby controlling degradation processes. While large-scale studies provide integrative information on pesticide dissipation and distribution patterns with respect to wetland functioning, small-scale investigations using novel methods such as isotope and enantiomer analyses characterize underlying molecular processes governing pesticide degradation.
5

Transport and degradation of pesticides in wetland systems : a downscaling approach / Transport et dégradation de pesticides en zones humides : une approche multi-échelles

Maillard, Elodie 14 March 2014 (has links)
La compréhension des mécanismes de transport et de dégradation des pesticides émergents est primordiale pour prédire leur devenir dans l’environnement. Les zones humides peuvent intercepter des eaux de ruissellement ou des souterraines contaminées par les pesticides et les traiter par le biais de processus de rétention et de dégradation, encore peu connus. Dans une approche multi-échelles, trois zones humides recevant des eaux polluées par les pesticides ont été utilisées comme des « laboratoires naturels » pour étudier le devenir de pesticides couramment utilisés. Cette thèse souligne l’influence des conditions hydrologiques et redox sur la distribution des pesticides au sein des différents compartiments des zones humides ainsi que sur leur potentiel de dégradation. Alors que les études à grande échelle fournissent des informations intégratives sur la dissipation et la rétention des pesticides en lien avec le développement de la végétation, les études à petite échelle utilisant des techniques innovantes telles que les analyses isotopiques et énantiomériques permettent l’exploration des processus moléculaires de dégradation des pesticides. / A mechanistic understanding of transport and degradation processes of modern agricultural pesticides, including chiral pesticides, is critical for predicting their fate in the environment. In agricultural landscapes, wetlands can intercept pesticide-contaminated runoff or groundwater and improve water quality through various retention and degradation processes, which remain unknown. In a downscaling approach, three different wetlands receiving agricultural runoff were used as ‘natural laboratories’ to investigate the fate of widely used pesticides. Overall, our results showed that dynamics of hydrological and redox conditions largely influenced pesticide sorption mechanisms and their distribution over time within wetland compartments, thereby controlling degradation processes. While large-scale studies provide integrative information on pesticide dissipation and distribution patterns with respect to wetland functioning, small-scale investigations using novel methods such as isotope and enantiomer analyses characterize underlying molecular processes governing pesticide degradation.

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