High density polyethylene (HDPE) is a widely used plastic but it is also a combustible material. One way of reducing flammability is to add fillers, such as magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). However, this has a deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of composites. It has been found that one possible method of restoring mechanical properties is to modifY the filler particles with coating agents, such as stearic acid. In the present work, this idea was taken a stage further with the use of various metal stearates (e.g. magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, and zinc stearate) for modifying filler. The fillers examined were magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. A filler loading of 40% w/w was used in all samples. Samples were moulded into a variety of shapes for mechanical testing. Such tests included, tensile, flexural, and impact testing. To obtain deeper understanding of the effect of the coating agents on the fillers, a variety of fundamental tests were carried out. These included Diffuse Reflectance FTIR (DRIFT), Thermal Analysis using a DSC cell, Xray Diffraction (XRD), contact angle measurement. Unfilled HDPE, uncoated filled-HDPE, and coated filled-HDPE were compared using uncoated filled-HDPE as a base line. Uncoated filled-HDPE is more brittle than unfilled HPDE. Surface modification of filler improves the toughness properties. Comparing coated filled-compounds, stearic acid and zinc stearate caused a small improvement, magnesium stearate improved the properties significantly with calcium carbonate while calcium stearate gave the best results for coating magnesium hydroxide. One monolayer coating gave the best compound properties compared to other degrees of coating. Although, tensile/flexural strength was not greatly affected elongation at yield, extension at maximum load, and impact properties increased significantly. DSC was used to observe the disappearance and conversion of coating agents as coating proceeded. X-ray diffraction showed the effect of injection moulding on the orientation of the filler and polymer. During coating of the filler particles, XRD and DSC were used to follow incorporation of stearate particles to produce the monolayer coverage. Surface free energy results showed that surface modification of filler resulted in the reduction of hydrophilicity of filler leading to tougher composites compared with uncoated filled-compounds.

Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Adelaide, 1982. / Some ill. mounted. Includes bibliographical references (v. 2. leaves 173-203).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1969.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1969.

Avaliou-se a influência do uso do hidróxido de cálcio como medicação intracanal na resistência de união de obturações endodônticas à dentina radicular quando realizadas com o cimento AH Plus ou Epiphany. Raízes palatinas de primeiros molares superiores humanos foram preparadas com sistema rotatório EndoSequence, e divididas em 4 grupos: G1 fatias preenchidas com AH Plus; G2 - fatias preenchidas com Epiphany; G3 - dentes que receberam medicação intracanal com hidróxido de cálcio por 14 dias e posterior preenchimento das fatias com AH Plus; G4 - dentes que receberam medicação intracanal com hidróxido de cálcio por 14 dias e posterior preenchimento das fatias com Epiphany. Para o teste de pushout as raízes foram fixadas, cortadas e delas obtidas secções seriadas das regiões cervical, média e apical. Após a manobra de preenchimento das fatias, essas permaneceram armazenados por 7 dias em câmara a vácuo a 37º C sob condições de umidade ambiental. Decorrido esse período, os dentes foram preparados para o ensaio mecânico. Os corpos-de-prova foram adaptados a um suporte fixado à base da máquina de ensaios mecânicos universal, onde aplicou-se uma carga à velocidade de 0,5 mm/min no sentido ápico-cervical até o completo deslocamento do material obturador. Após a realização dos ensaios, foi feita análise do padrão de fraturas dos corpos de prova utilizando a microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A análise de variância revelou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p<0,05). O teste de Tukey identificou que a resistência de união obtida pelos grupos Epiphany e Epiphany + hidróxido de cálcio foi estatisticamente menor do que a dos grupos AH Plus e AH Plus + hidróxido de cálcio; e, a comparação entre grupos mostrou que o grupo AH Plus + hidróxido de cálcio mostrou-se estatisticamente superior ao grupo AH Plus, portanto o hidróxido de cálcio influencia positivamente apenas na adesão do cimento AH Plus. / We evaluated the influence of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal dressing in the bond strength of root canal filling to the root dentin when performed with AH Plus sealer or Epiphany. Palatal roots of maxillary first molars were prepared with rotary system EndoSequence and divided into 4 groups: G1 - slices filled with AH-Plus G2 - slices filled with Epiphany, G3 - teeth that received root canal dressing with calcium hydroxide for 14 days and then filling out the slices with AH-Plus; G4 - teeth that received root canal dressing with calcium hydroxide for 14 days and then filling out the slices with Epiphany. To test push-out the roots were fixed, cut them and obtained serial sections of cervical, middle and apical. After the maneuvers fills the slices, they remain stored for 7 days in a vacuum chamber at 37°C under conditions of environmental humidity. After this period the teeth were prepared for mechanical testing. The samples were adapted to a bracket attached to the base of the testing machine universal where we apply a load at a speed of 0.5 mm/min towards apicocervical to the complete displacement of the filling material. After the testing, analysis was made of the pattern of fractures of the specimens using scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0,05). The Tukey test indicated that the bond strength obtained by the groups Epiphany and Epiphany + Calcium hydroxide was lower than that of groups AH Plus and AH-Plus + Calcium hydroxide; and, the comparison between groups showed that group AH-Plus + Calcium hydroxide was statistically higher than the AH-Plus group, so the Calcium hydroxide has a positive effect only in the adhesion of AH-Plus sealer.

Avaliou-se a influência do uso do hidróxido de cálcio como medicação intracanal na resistência de união de obturações endodônticas à dentina radicular quando realizadas com o cimento AH Plus ou Epiphany. Raízes palatinas de primeiros molares superiores humanos foram preparadas com sistema rotatório EndoSequence, e divididas em 4 grupos: G1 fatias preenchidas com AH Plus; G2 - fatias preenchidas com Epiphany; G3 - dentes que receberam medicação intracanal com hidróxido de cálcio por 14 dias e posterior preenchimento das fatias com AH Plus; G4 - dentes que receberam medicação intracanal com hidróxido de cálcio por 14 dias e posterior preenchimento das fatias com Epiphany. Para o teste de pushout as raízes foram fixadas, cortadas e delas obtidas secções seriadas das regiões cervical, média e apical. Após a manobra de preenchimento das fatias, essas permaneceram armazenados por 7 dias em câmara a vácuo a 37º C sob condições de umidade ambiental. Decorrido esse período, os dentes foram preparados para o ensaio mecânico. Os corpos-de-prova foram adaptados a um suporte fixado à base da máquina de ensaios mecânicos universal, onde aplicou-se uma carga à velocidade de 0,5 mm/min no sentido ápico-cervical até o completo deslocamento do material obturador. Após a realização dos ensaios, foi feita análise do padrão de fraturas dos corpos de prova utilizando a microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A análise de variância revelou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p<0,05). O teste de Tukey identificou que a resistência de união obtida pelos grupos Epiphany e Epiphany + hidróxido de cálcio foi estatisticamente menor do que a dos grupos AH Plus e AH Plus + hidróxido de cálcio; e, a comparação entre grupos mostrou que o grupo AH Plus + hidróxido de cálcio mostrou-se estatisticamente superior ao grupo AH Plus, portanto o hidróxido de cálcio influencia positivamente apenas na adesão do cimento AH Plus. / We evaluated the influence of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal dressing in the bond strength of root canal filling to the root dentin when performed with AH Plus sealer or Epiphany. Palatal roots of maxillary first molars were prepared with rotary system EndoSequence and divided into 4 groups: G1 - slices filled with AH-Plus G2 - slices filled with Epiphany, G3 - teeth that received root canal dressing with calcium hydroxide for 14 days and then filling out the slices with AH-Plus; G4 - teeth that received root canal dressing with calcium hydroxide for 14 days and then filling out the slices with Epiphany. To test push-out the roots were fixed, cut them and obtained serial sections of cervical, middle and apical. After the maneuvers fills the slices, they remain stored for 7 days in a vacuum chamber at 37°C under conditions of environmental humidity. After this period the teeth were prepared for mechanical testing. The samples were adapted to a bracket attached to the base of the testing machine universal where we apply a load at a speed of 0.5 mm/min towards apicocervical to the complete displacement of the filling material. After the testing, analysis was made of the pattern of fractures of the specimens using scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0,05). The Tukey test indicated that the bond strength obtained by the groups Epiphany and Epiphany + Calcium hydroxide was lower than that of groups AH Plus and AH-Plus + Calcium hydroxide; and, the comparison between groups showed that group AH-Plus + Calcium hydroxide was statistically higher than the AH-Plus group, so the Calcium hydroxide has a positive effect only in the adhesion of AH-Plus sealer.

Anorthite is crystalline phase in the ceramic body. Is acquired on burning a mixture of calcium ceramic raw material. This work deals with the influence on the resulting properties of anorthite ceramic body, especially flexural strength, porosity, shrinkage, thermal expansion coefficient. And the influence of different CaO sources on the properties. As a source of CaO was used calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and fluid fly ash.