Les médications intra canalaires, comme l’hydroxyde de calcium, sont utilisées en endodontie pour désinfecter le système radiculaire. Mais, les traitements endodontiques peuvent échouer en raison d’une infection persistante causée principalement par la subsistance de certaines bactéries dans le canal dentaire. Pour contrôler la croissance bactérienne, l’usage de peptides antimicrobiens comme la dermaseptine semble être une alternative prometteuse. Les objectifs de ce projet de recherche étaient de comparer les propriétés antibactériennes de la dermaseptine S1 (DS1) et de l’Ultracal XS (hydroxyde de calcium) sur la croissance d’Enterococcus faecalis et leur compatibilité respective sur les cellules souches de la pulpe dentaire. Méthode : E. faecalis est cultivé en présence ou non d’Ultracal XS (Ultradent), d’hydroxyde de calcium, de sulfate de baryum, de propylène glycol ou de DS1 (10, 50 and 100 µm/mL). La croissance bactérienne est évaluée pendant 24 h par spectrophotométrie. Les effets des différents composés sur les cellules souches pulpaires furent évalués par microscope optique à 24 et 48 h et par test de MTT à 48 h. Les données furent collectées de 3 expériences et soumises à une analyse statistique ANOVA à une issue et au test de Tukey. Résultats : L’Ultracal XS diminue légèrement la croissance bactérienne, alors que l’hydroxyde de calcium pur, le sulfate de baryum et le propylène glycol n’ont pas eu d’effet sur la bactérie. La DS1, même à de faibles concentrations, a significativement réduit la croissance bactérienne. L’effet inhibiteur a été présent pendant 24 heures, avec des concentrations de DS1 de 50 et 100 µm/mL. De plus, l’Ultracal XS et ses constituants ont montré un effet toxique important sur l’adhésion et la croissance des cellules souches pulpaires, alors que la DS1 montre seulement un effet toxique modéré à des concentrations de 100 µm/mL. Conclusion : L’Ultracal XS diminue modérément la croissance d’ E. faecalis alors que la DS1 la réduit de façon importante. Les effets toxiques au niveau des cellules souches pulpaires sont modérés pour la DS1 en comparaison avec l'Ultracal XS. Cette étude a démontré qu’il pourrait être intéressant d’utiliser les dermaseptines en médication intracanalaire en endodontie. / Intracanal medication is used in endodontics to disinfect the root canal system, but sometimes endodontic treatments fail due to the persistence of infection. Antimicrobial peptides such as dermaseptins might be a good alternative to calcium hydroxide for intracanal medication.Endodontic treatments can fail due to the persistence of infection. Antimicrobial peptidesmight be a good alternative to calcium hydroxide for intracanal medication. This study aimsto compare the antimicrobial properties of dermaseptin S1 (DS1) and Ultracal XS against E.faecalis growth and their compatibility with dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Methods: E.faecalis cells were cultured in the presence or not of Ultracal XS (Ultradent), calcium hydroxide, barium sulfate, propylene glycol, or DS1 (10, 50, and 100 µm/mL). The bacterial growth was assessed over 24 h by spectrophotometry. The effect of the different chemicals on the shape and growth of DPSCs were evaluated using an optical microscope at 24 and 48h and an MTT assay after 48 h. Data were collected from 3 experiments and subjected tostatistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: Ultracal XS, slightly decreased the growth of bacteria, while calcium hydroxide, barium sulfate, and propyleneglycol do not affect the growth of E. faecalis. Interestingly, DS1 significantly reduced thegrowth of E. faecalis. The inhibitory effect was present up to 24 h culture, with 50 and 100ug/ml of DS1. Ultracal XS and its constituents have a high toxic effect on DPSC adhesion and growth, while DS1 showed moderate adv erse effects only at high concentrations (100µg/ml). Conclusions: Ultracal XS moderately, while DS1 highly decreased the growth of E.faecalis. The toxic effect of DS1 on DPSCs was moderate compared to Ultracal XS. This study demonstrated the potential use of dermaseptin as an intracanal medication.

Les médications intra canalaires, comme l'hydroxyde de calcium, sont utilisées en endodontie pour désinfecter le système radiculaire. Mais, les traitements endodontiques peuvent échouer en raison d'une infection persistante causée principalement par la subsistance de certaines bactéries dans le canal dentaire. Pour contrôler la croissance bactérienne, l'usage de peptides antimicrobiens comme la dermaseptine semble être une alternative prometteuse. Les objectifs de ce projet de recherche étaient de comparer les propriétés antibactériennes de la dermaseptine S1 (DS1) et de l'Ultracal XS (hydroxyde de calcium) sur la croissance d'Enterococcus faecalis et leur compatibilité respective sur les cellules souches de la pulpe dentaire. Méthode : E. faecalis est cultivé en présence ou non d'Ultracal XS (Ultradent), d'hydroxyde de calcium, de sulfate de baryum, de propylène glycol ou de DS1 (10, 50 and 100 µm/mL). La croissance bactérienne est évaluée pendant 24 h par spectrophotométrie. Les effets des différents composés sur les cellules souches pulpaires furent évalués par microscope optique à 24 et 48 h et par test de MTT à 48 h. Les données furent collectées de 3 expériences et soumises à une analyse statistique ANOVA à une issue et au test de Tukey. Résultats : L'Ultracal XS diminue légèrement la croissance bactérienne, alors que l'hydroxyde de calcium pur, le sulfate de baryum et le propylène glycol n'ont pas eu d'effet sur la bactérie. La DS1, même à de faibles concentrations, a significativement réduit la croissance bactérienne. L'effet inhibiteur a été présent pendant 24 heures, avec des concentrations de DS1 de 50 et 100 µm/mL. De plus, l'Ultracal XS et ses constituants ont montré un effet toxique important sur l'adhésion et la croissance des cellules souches pulpaires, alors que la DS1 montre seulement un effet toxique modéré à des concentrations de 100 µm/mL. Conclusion : L'Ultracal XS diminue modérément la croissance d' E. faecalis alors que la DS1 la réduit de façon importante. Les effets toxiques au niveau des cellules souches pulpaires sont modérés pour la DS1 en comparaison avec l'Ultracal XS. Cette étude a démontré qu'il pourrait être intéressant d'utiliser les dermaseptines en médication intracanalaire en endodontie. / Intracanal medication is used in endodontics to disinfect the root canal system, but sometimes endodontic treatments fail due to the persistence of infection. Antimicrobial peptides such as dermaseptins might be a good alternative to calcium hydroxide for intracanal medication. Endodontic treatments can fail due to the persistence of infection. Antimicrobial peptides might be a good alternative to calcium hydroxide for intracanal medication. This study aims to compare the antimicrobial properties of dermaseptin S1 (DS1) and Ultracal XS against E. faecalis growth and their compatibility with dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Methods: E. faecalis cells were cultured in the presence or not of Ultracal XS (Ultradent), calcium hydroxide, barium sulfate, propylene glycol, or DS1 (10, 50, and 100 µm/mL). The bacterial growth was assessed over 24 h by spectrophotometry. The effect of the different chemicals on the shape and growth of DPSCs were evaluated using an optical microscope at 24 and 48 h and an MTT assay after 48 h. Data were collected from 3 experiments and subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: Ultracal XS, slightly decreased the growth of bacteria, while calcium hydroxide, barium sulfate, and propylene glycol do not affect the growth of E. faecalis. Interestingly, DS1 significantly reduced the growth of E. faecalis. The inhibitory effect was present up to 24 h culture, with 50 and 100 ug/ml of DS1. Ultracal XS and its constituents have a high toxic effect on DPSC adhesion and growth, while DS1 showed moderate adverse effects only at high concentrations (100 µg/ml). Conclusions: Ultracal XS moderately, while DS1 highly decreased the growth of E. faecalis. The toxic effect of DS1 on DPSCs was moderate compared to Ultracal XS. This study demonstrated the potential use of dermaseptin as an intracanal medication.

The use of waste materials in construction is among the most attractive options to consume these materials without affecting the environment. Glass is among these types of potential waste materials. In this research, waste glass in powder form, i.e. glass powder (GP) is examined for potential use in enhancing the characteristics of concrete on the basis that it is a pozzolanic material. The experimental and the theoretical components of the work are carried out primarily to prove that glass powder belongs to the "family" of the pozzolanic materials. The chemical and physical properties of the hydrated activated glass powder and the hydrated glass powder cement on the microstructure level have been studied experimentally and theoretically. The work presented in this thesis consists of two main phases. The first phase contains experimental investigations of the reaction of glass powder with calcium hydroxide (CH) and water. In addition, it includes experiments that are aimed at determining the consumption of water and CH with time. The reactivity, degree of hydration, and nature of the pore solution of the glass powder-blended cement pastes and the effect of adding different ratios of glass powder on cement hydration is also investigated. The experiments proved that glass powder has a pozzolanic effect on cement hydration; hence it enhances the chemical and physical properties of cement paste. Based on the experimental test results, it is recommended to use a glass powder-to-cement ratio (GP/C) of 10% as an optimum ratio to achieve the best hydration and best properties of the paste. Two different chemical formulas for the produced GP C-S-H gel due to the pure GP and GP-CH pozzolanic reaction hydration are proposed. For the pure GP hydration, the produced GP C-S-H gel has a calcium-to-silica ratio (C/S) of 0.164, water-to-silica ratio (H/S) of 1.3 and sodium/silica ratio (N/S) of 0.18. However, for the GP-CH hydration, the produced GP C-S-H gel has a C/S ratio of 1.17, H/S ratio of 2.5 and N/S ratio of 0.18. In the second phase of this research, theoretical models are built using a modified version of an existing cement hydration modelling code, "CEMHYD3D", to simulate the chemical reaction of the activated glass powder hydration and glass powder in cement. The modified model, which is referred to as the "MOD-model" is further used to predict the types, compositions and quantities of reaction products. Furthermore, the glass powder hydration data, which is obtained experimentally, is incorporated into the MOD-model to determine the effect of adding glass powder to the paste on the process of cement hydration and resulting paste properties. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental results are made to evaluate the developed models. The MOD-model predictions have been validated using the experimental results, and were further used to investigate various properties of the hydrated glass powder cement paste. These properties include, for example, CH content of the paste, porosity, hydration degree of the glass powder and conventional C-S-H and GP CS- H contents. The results show that the MOD-model is capable of accurately simulating the hydration process of glass powder-blended cement paste and can be used to predict various properties of the hydrating paste.