Les maladies à tiques posent un problème majeur que se soit du point de vue de la santé animale ou de la santé humaine. Parmi ces pathologies, la borréliose de Lyme est la maladie à transmission vectorielle la plus fréquente de l’Hémisphère Nord et, en France, l’Alsace représente l’une des régions avec la plus forte incidence. Ce travail de thèse a eu pour objectif d’évaluer les densités en nymphes ainsi que les taux d’infection à Borrelia burgdorferi sl et Anaplasma phagocytophilum dans cette région. Nous avons comparé nos résultats à ceux établis dans cette même région en 2003 et 2004. De plus nous avons étudié les facteurs environnementaux potentiellement responsables de la variabilité inter-site de la densité en nymphes et également cartographié le risque de borréliose de Lyme en Alsace. Notre travail, qui pour l’instant a été conduit en Alsace, tend à s’étendre à d’autres régions de France. Il nous paraît pertinent de poursuivre les études de terrains sur certains sites pris en compte dans ce travail de façon à objectiver les tendances observées dans notre région. / Vector-borne diseases are today a major threat for human and animal health. Among those diseases, Lyme borreliosis is the most frequent vector-borne disease occurring in the Northern hemisphere, and the numbers of humans affected have been increasing in some parts of the world. In France, Lyme borreliosis is endemic to several regions including the Alsace region.The aim of this work was to investigate nymph densities and infection prevalence of Borrelia burgdoferi sl and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in this region. We compared our results to those obtained by Ferquel et al. in 2003 and 2004. We studied environmental factors involved in inter-site nymph density variability and mapped Lyme borreliosis nymph density in Alsace.For instance our work that has been conducted in Alsace, is now extended in other region of France. It will be interesting to validate our results with data from other area.

Scavenger receptors are a large family of structurally diverse molecules that have been implicated in a range of biological functions. In this work, a newly identified multi-domain scavenger receptor-serine protease IrSRP-1 from the tick Ixodes ricinus is characterized. IrSRP-1 is related to the serine protease Sp22D from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. IrSRP-1 is expressed mainly in the tick gut but also in hemocytes, Malpighian tubules, tracheas and ovaries of fully fed females. This was confirmed with Western blots and immunohistological labeling with antibodies raised against recombinantly expressed IrSRP-1 trypsine-like domain. According to acquired qRT-PCR profiles relative expression of IrSRP-1 is strongly up-regulated during female feeding and remains unchanged in ticks experimentally injected with various microbes. Functional characterization by RNA interference revealed that lowering IrSRP1 expression leads to a higher mortality rate during tick female feeding.