This study developed a general framework that can be applied to integrating environmental sustainability aspects into economic development planning in the case of exploiting water resources through inter-basin water transfers (IBWT). Using the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) between Lesotho and South Africa (SA), the study used the multi-country ecological social accounting matrix (MC-ESAM) for Lesotho and SA to integrate ecological implications of the LHWP with the economic benefits of the project. The study further used the developed MC-ESAM multipliers to analyse the impact of lost ecological services downstream the LHWP dams in Lesotho on the wellbeing of households directly affected by the project in Lesotho and the general economies of Lesotho and SA. The MC-ESAM multipliers were also used to analyse different policy scenarios aimed at compensating affected households in Lesotho for ecological losses. The results revealed that while the LHWP has significant direct and indirect benefits in terms of social and economic development in Lesotho and SA, the project has serious unitended impacts on ecological resources and services, with resultant deleterious wellbeing implications for populations residing within the reaches of the LHWP rivers and downstream the LHWP dams in Lesotho. The results from the MC-ESAM multiplier analysis indicated that not only the income of populations directly affected by the project in Lesotho is likely to fall, but also that of other households and social groups, as well as the general economies of Lesotho. Also, because of economic dependence of Lesotho on SA in terms of imports, SA will also loose. The policy simulation results showed that compensating the ecological losses would greatly improve the welfare of directly affected populations and the rest of Lesotho economy. The empirical analysis and policy simulations results showed relatively small impacts in general, but were significant for groups of people directly affected by the project in Lesotho. The study demonstrated the importance of integrating ecological consequences into impact assessment of IBWT before such transfers can be implemented to ensure Pareto optimality and of considering economy-wide impacts and multi-sector, multi-country linkages associated with IBWT for a holistic impact assessment of IBWT. / Thesis (PhD (Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-17T13:30:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcioJoaquimDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 6572053 bytes, checksum: 24e9484e2537c31f4a72339d474f1faa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-20T11:14:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcioJoaquimDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 6572053 bytes, checksum: 24e9484e2537c31f4a72339d474f1faa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-20T11:14:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcioJoaquimDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 6572053 bytes, checksum: 24e9484e2537c31f4a72339d474f1faa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Os ecossistemas aqu?ticos dulc?colas est?o entre os mais ricos, em termos de n?mero de esp?cies, e amea?ados por altera??es antr?picas no mundo. Impactos como a introdu??o de esp?cies n?o nativas e as transposi??es de ?guas entre bacias distintas (como ? o caso do Projeto de Transposi??o do rio S?o Francisco-PISF) amea?am a conserva??o das esp?cies. A preocupa??o com a conserva??o das esp?cies fomentou a cria??o das chamadas Unidades de Conserva??o (UCs - No Brasil foram criadas a partir de 1930 e tem n?veis de restri??o de usos diversos). Provavelmente, estes mecanismos t?m sido insuficientes na conserva??o dos peixes, pois mesmo ap?s suas cria??es, a contribui??o das esp?cies n?o nativas nas comunidades naturais s? tem crescido ao longo dos anos e ? apontada como a segunda causa de extin??o de esp?cies do planeta. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo buscou estabelecer uma padroniza??o da nomenclatura das esp?cies nas bacias envolvidas no PISF, antes da conex?o artificial, evidenciando o atual n?vel de conhecimento da ictiofauna e construir uma linha de base para detectar futuros impactos da obra. Al?m disso, objetivamos avaliar a efetividade das UCs em proteger os peixes das bacias envolvidas no projeto e modelar o risco de invas?o de esp?cies exclusivas da bacia doadora nas receptoras. Para tanto, foram utilizados registros prim?rios e secund?rios das esp?cies. Os resultados apontam para baixa similaridade entre a composi??o de esp?cies das bacias doadora e receptoras do PISF, al?m de indicar a import?ncia das UCs para conserva??o dos peixes da regi?o, que mesmo com tamanho reduzido (~1% da Caatinga) abrigam porcentagem significativa da fauna associada (entre 24 e 31% das esp?cies de cada bacia). Ademais, foi obtido que as bacias receptoras do PISF, apresentam adequabilidade para 11 esp?cies (sete fam?lias e tr?s ordens) exclusivas da bacia doadora (Leporinus friderici, Megaleporinus obtusidens, Pamphorichthys hollandi? Pimelodus maculatus, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Hemigrammus brevis, Pimelodella laurenti, Cichlasoma sanctifranciscense, Centromochlus bockmanni, Conorhynchos conirostris e Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, ordem decrescente de adequabilidade geral). Por fim, refor?amos a necessidade da cria??o/amplia??o das UCs nas bacias envolvidas, para que estas cumpram melhor o seu objetivo conservacionista e, corroboramos a necessidade do monitoramento constante da invas?o de esp?cies nas bacias receptoras das ?guas do PISF, a fim de garantir a preserva??o das comunidades ?cticas nativas. / Freshwater ecosystems are within the richest in terms of species number and are threatened by anthropic transformations worldwide. Impacts such as non-native species introduction and interbasin water transfer (like S?o Francisco River Interbasin Water Transfer Project ? SFIBWT, PISF ? in Portuguese) put species conservation in peril. The concern with this matter promoted the creation of Conservation Unities (UCs ? created from 1930?s onward in Brazil and have distinct restriction levels). Possibly, these mechanisms have been insufficient in species conservation, because even after their creation, non-native species contribution to natural communities has only grown over years and it is pointed as the second main cause of planet?s species extinction. Regarding this issue, we hereby tried to establish a species nomenclatural pattern in basins encompassed by PISF, previous to the artifitial connection, demonstrating the current ichthyofaunal knowledge level and building a baseline for future identification of the project?s impacts. Besides, we aim to evaluate the effectivity of UCs in protecting fish of the basins included in the project and model the invasiveness risk of exclusive species of donor basins to receptor ones. Therefore, we used primary and secondary records of species. The results showed a low similarity among species composition of donor and receptor basins of PISF, besides indicating the UCs? importance for regional fish species conservation. Even though these UCs have a small size (~1% of Caatinga), they contain a significant percentage of associated fauna (between 24 and 31% of each basin?s species). Lastly, we noticed the PISF receptor basins show adequability to 11 species (seven families and three orders) which were exclusive to donor basin (Leporinus friderici, Megaleporinus obtusidens, Pamphorichthys hollandi? Pimelodus maculatus, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Hemigrammus brevis, Pimelodella laurenti, Cichlasoma sanctifranciscense, Centromochlus bockmanni, Conorhynchos conirostris e Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, decending order of general suitability). Within this context, we strengthen the need of creation/enlargement of UCs in encompassed basins so these can better fulfill their conservational goals, and we also corroborate the need of constant monitoring of invasive species in receptor basins of PISF?s water in order to guarantee the preservation of native ichthyc communities.