No description available.

No description available.

Thèse doctorat : Biochimie : INSA LYON : 2001. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 161-198.

Ulm, Univ. Diss., 2006.

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2002. / Bibliogr.: f. [73]-78. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2005. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 15 décembre 2005). Bibliogr.

Plusieurs études ont démontré que le virus d'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) possède la propriété d’incorporer diverses protéines de la cellule-hôte. Certaines observations indiquent que ce processus d'incorporation est sélectif. Cependant, les mécanismes expliquant la sélectivité des protéines incorporées demeurent largement inconnus. Les travaux présentés ciblent l'identification du facteur responsable de l'incorporation sélective de la protéine cellulaire ICAM-1 par le VIH-1. Parallèlement, nous avons évalué la sensibilité des virus porteurs de l’ICAM-1 à l’action de l’inhibiteur de fusion, T-20. Un système de transfection et d'expression transitoire a été utilisé afin de produire des particules virales isogéniques avec ou sans l’ICAM-1, et de certains de ses variants. Ce système nous a permis de démontrer que le VIH-1 s’approprie la molécule d’adhésion ICAM-1 par un processus indépendant de l’enveloppe virale (Env), mais dépendant de la portion intracytoplasmique de l’ICAM-1. Cette incorporation serait dirigée par une interaction directe ou indirecte entre la molécule d’adhésion et le précurseur immature Gag du VIH-1. Par ailleurs, la présence de l’’ICAM 1 sur le VIH-1 augmente la résistance des virions à l’action du T-20 en accélérant la cinétique de fusion du virion. La présence de l’ICAM-1 à la surface des virions et son rôle dans le cycle réplicatif du VIH 1 sont très importants dans la pathogenèse du VIH-1. / INTRODUCTION Previous works have indicated that incorporation of surface glycoprotein into retroviruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is not a highly specific process since several cellular glycoproteins can be inserted within the mature viral particle. The mechanism(s) that govern the acquisition of such host constituents have remained so far elusive. OBJECTIVES We have examined the molecular basis, associate to ICAM-1 localization and structural viral proteins responsible for the selective incorporation of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 within HIV-1. We also investigated whether sensitivity to the newly developed fusion inhibitor T-20 is affected by incorporation of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 in HIV 1. METHODS We have first investigated the role played by the viral envelope (Env) of HIV-1 in the acquisition of host ICAM-1. The incorporation process of ICAM-1 was also investigated by using different ICAM-1 constructs in which both transmembranes and intracytoplasmic tails were modified. These investigations were performed in combination with virus capture and immunoprecipitation studies, Western blot, confocal microscopy analyses, and infectivity assays. We finally used laboratory isolates of HIV-1 (X4- and R5-tropic) either lacking or bearing ICAM-1 as well as clinical variants into infectivity tests to both evaluate their respective IC50 for the fusion inhibitor and to understand the mechanism of resistance bring by the presence of this host molecule. RESULTS Mutation in the matrix (MA) domain or on Env-deficient viruses produced either in immortalized or primary human cell lines does not affect the incorporation of ICAM-1 by HIV-1. However, the incorporation seems to be conducted by the cytosolic tail of ICAM-1. Further experiments suggested that there is an association – direct or indirect – between ICAM-1 and virus-encoded Pr55Gag. We also demonstrate that ICAM-1-bearing virions are more resistant to T-20 than isogenic HIV-1 particles lacking this host adhesion molecule probably based on a reduction of the kinetic window during which the viral envelope is sensitive to T-20. CONCLUSION This study represents the first demonstration that structural Gag polyproteins mediate the uptake of a host-derived cell surface constituent (ICAM-1) by interacting directly with its cytoplasmic domain or by interacting with a partner into the cytosol. This observation describes a new strategy by which HIV-1 can modulate its replicative cycle considering that insertion of ICAM-1 within nascent virions has been shown to affect virus life cycle and also the sensitivity to the newly develop class of inhibitor including T-20.

No description available.

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos recentes em modelos experimentais de sepse demonstraram as propriedades antioxidante e anti-inflamatória do etilpiruvato. Diferentes modelos experimentais também demonstraram que pequenos volumes de solução salina hipertônica (7,5%) melhoram a hemodinâmica, a microcirculação e modulam o sistema imunológico. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos do etil-piruvato, da solução salina hipertônica e da solução de Ringer lactato sobre a microcirculação mesentérica em modelo de sepse induzida por Escherichia coli viva em ratos. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos receberam por via endovenosa uma suspensão de E. coli ou foram submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico do grupo falso-operado. Após três horas da infusão bacteriana os animais foram randomizados em: grupo controle não tratado, grupo tratado com solução de Ringer lactato (4mL/kg i.v.); grupo tratado com solução de Ringer lactato (4 mL/kg i.v.) associado a etil-piruvato (50mg/kg) e grupo tratado com solução salina hipertônica (7,5%, 4 mL/kg i.v.). Após 24 horas da bacteremia, as interações leucócito-endotélio foram investigadas por microscopia intravital, e a expressão de P-selectina e da molécula de adesão intercelular (ICAM)-1 determinada por imuno-histoquímica. Leucograma e contagem de plaquetas foram realizadas no início do estudo, 3 horas e 24 horas após a inoculação de E. coli. RESULTADOS: Os grupos não tratado e tratado com solução de Ringer lactato exibiram um aumento no número de leucócitos rollers (~ 2,5 vezes), leucócitos aderidos (~ 3,0 vezes), e de leucócitos migrados (~ 3,5 vezes) comparados ao grupo falso operado. O tratamento com etil-piruvato reduziu o número de leucócitos rollers, aderidos e migrados aos níveis obtidos no grupo falso operado (p > 0,05). Efeitos semelhantes foram observados nos animais tratados com a solução salina hipertônica (p > 0,05). A expressão de P-selectina e de ICAM-1 aumentou significativamente na microcirculação mesentérica no grupo não tratado, comparado ao grupo falso operado (p < 0,001). Todos os tratamentos reduziram a expressão de ambas moléculas de adesão, sendo os grupos tratados com etil-piruvato e solução salina hipertônica mais eficazes. A infusão de bactérias provocou leucopenia significante, seguida por leucocitose com granulocitose, e concomitante redução progressiva no número de plaquetas. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados apresentados sugerem que o etil-piruvato e a solução salina hipertônica (7,5%) eficientemente reduziram a resposta inflamatória na microcirculação mesentérica no presente modelo experimental de sepse induzida por E. coli viva; associada, pelo menos em parte, a menor expressão de moléculas de P-selectina e ICAM-1 / BACKGROUND: Experimental studies on sepsis have demonstrated that ethyl pyruvate is endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown that small volumes of hypertonic saline solution (7.5%) improve hemodynamics, the microcirculation, and modulate the immune system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate, hypertonic saline and lactated Ringer\'s solution on mesenteric microcirculation in a sepsis model induced by live Escherichia coli in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were underwent an intravenous suspension of E. coli bacteria or submitted to the sham procedure. After 3h of bacteria infusion rats were randomized into: control, without treatment; treated with lactated Ringer\'s solution (4 mL/kg, i.v.); treated with lactated Ringer\'s solution (4mL/kg, i.v.) plus ethyl pyruvate (50mg/kg), and treated with hypertonic saline solution (7.5%, 4 mL/kg i.v.). At 24h after bacteria infusion leukocyte-endothelial interactions were investigated by intravital microscopy, and the expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)- 1 evaluated by immunohistochemistry. White blood cell and platelet counts were determined at baseline, 3h and 24h after E. coli inoculation. RESULTS: Both non-treated and lactated Ringer\'s-treated groups exhibited an increase in the number of rolling leukocytes (~2.5-fold), adherent (~3.0-fold), and migrated cells (~3.5-fold) compared to sham. Treatment with Ringer\'s ethyl pyruvate solution reduced the number of rolling, adherent and migrated leukocytes to the levels attained in the sham group (p > 0.05). Similar effects were observed when animals were treated with hypertonic saline (p > 0.05). The expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 significantly increased on mesenteric microvessels in non-treated group compared with sham (p < 0.001). All treatments reduced the expression of both adhesion molecules being ethyl pyruvate and hypertonic saline solution more effective than lactated Ringer\'s solution. Infusion of bacteria caused a significant leucopenia (3h), followed by a leucocytosis with granulocytosis (24h). There was an intense and progressive reduction in the number of platelets. No differences were observed after treatment with the different solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Data presented suggest that ethyl pyruvate and hypertonic saline solution (7.5%) efficiently reduce the inflammatory response at mesenteric microcirculation in an experimental model of sepsis induced by live E. coli associated, at least in part, with a down-regulation of P-selectin and ICAM-1

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos recentes em modelos experimentais de sepse demonstraram as propriedades antioxidante e anti-inflamatória do etilpiruvato. Diferentes modelos experimentais também demonstraram que pequenos volumes de solução salina hipertônica (7,5%) melhoram a hemodinâmica, a microcirculação e modulam o sistema imunológico. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos do etil-piruvato, da solução salina hipertônica e da solução de Ringer lactato sobre a microcirculação mesentérica em modelo de sepse induzida por Escherichia coli viva em ratos. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos receberam por via endovenosa uma suspensão de E. coli ou foram submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico do grupo falso-operado. Após três horas da infusão bacteriana os animais foram randomizados em: grupo controle não tratado, grupo tratado com solução de Ringer lactato (4mL/kg i.v.); grupo tratado com solução de Ringer lactato (4 mL/kg i.v.) associado a etil-piruvato (50mg/kg) e grupo tratado com solução salina hipertônica (7,5%, 4 mL/kg i.v.). Após 24 horas da bacteremia, as interações leucócito-endotélio foram investigadas por microscopia intravital, e a expressão de P-selectina e da molécula de adesão intercelular (ICAM)-1 determinada por imuno-histoquímica. Leucograma e contagem de plaquetas foram realizadas no início do estudo, 3 horas e 24 horas após a inoculação de E. coli. RESULTADOS: Os grupos não tratado e tratado com solução de Ringer lactato exibiram um aumento no número de leucócitos rollers (~ 2,5 vezes), leucócitos aderidos (~ 3,0 vezes), e de leucócitos migrados (~ 3,5 vezes) comparados ao grupo falso operado. O tratamento com etil-piruvato reduziu o número de leucócitos rollers, aderidos e migrados aos níveis obtidos no grupo falso operado (p > 0,05). Efeitos semelhantes foram observados nos animais tratados com a solução salina hipertônica (p > 0,05). A expressão de P-selectina e de ICAM-1 aumentou significativamente na microcirculação mesentérica no grupo não tratado, comparado ao grupo falso operado (p < 0,001). Todos os tratamentos reduziram a expressão de ambas moléculas de adesão, sendo os grupos tratados com etil-piruvato e solução salina hipertônica mais eficazes. A infusão de bactérias provocou leucopenia significante, seguida por leucocitose com granulocitose, e concomitante redução progressiva no número de plaquetas. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados apresentados sugerem que o etil-piruvato e a solução salina hipertônica (7,5%) eficientemente reduziram a resposta inflamatória na microcirculação mesentérica no presente modelo experimental de sepse induzida por E. coli viva; associada, pelo menos em parte, a menor expressão de moléculas de P-selectina e ICAM-1 / BACKGROUND: Experimental studies on sepsis have demonstrated that ethyl pyruvate is endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown that small volumes of hypertonic saline solution (7.5%) improve hemodynamics, the microcirculation, and modulate the immune system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate, hypertonic saline and lactated Ringer\'s solution on mesenteric microcirculation in a sepsis model induced by live Escherichia coli in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were underwent an intravenous suspension of E. coli bacteria or submitted to the sham procedure. After 3h of bacteria infusion rats were randomized into: control, without treatment; treated with lactated Ringer\'s solution (4 mL/kg, i.v.); treated with lactated Ringer\'s solution (4mL/kg, i.v.) plus ethyl pyruvate (50mg/kg), and treated with hypertonic saline solution (7.5%, 4 mL/kg i.v.). At 24h after bacteria infusion leukocyte-endothelial interactions were investigated by intravital microscopy, and the expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)- 1 evaluated by immunohistochemistry. White blood cell and platelet counts were determined at baseline, 3h and 24h after E. coli inoculation. RESULTS: Both non-treated and lactated Ringer\'s-treated groups exhibited an increase in the number of rolling leukocytes (~2.5-fold), adherent (~3.0-fold), and migrated cells (~3.5-fold) compared to sham. Treatment with Ringer\'s ethyl pyruvate solution reduced the number of rolling, adherent and migrated leukocytes to the levels attained in the sham group (p > 0.05). Similar effects were observed when animals were treated with hypertonic saline (p > 0.05). The expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 significantly increased on mesenteric microvessels in non-treated group compared with sham (p < 0.001). All treatments reduced the expression of both adhesion molecules being ethyl pyruvate and hypertonic saline solution more effective than lactated Ringer\'s solution. Infusion of bacteria caused a significant leucopenia (3h), followed by a leucocytosis with granulocytosis (24h). There was an intense and progressive reduction in the number of platelets. No differences were observed after treatment with the different solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Data presented suggest that ethyl pyruvate and hypertonic saline solution (7.5%) efficiently reduce the inflammatory response at mesenteric microcirculation in an experimental model of sepsis induced by live E. coli associated, at least in part, with a down-regulation of P-selectin and ICAM-1