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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Comparativo da avalia??o de ciclo de vida de tr?s cal?ados esportivos / Comparative life cycle analysis of two sports shoes

Malfatti, Vinicios Meneguzzi 31 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-07-21T18:21:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_VINICIOS_MENEGUZZI_MALFATTI_COMPLETO.pdf: 2026893 bytes, checksum: 18e7cb1e9a35ed8e536f6e0ed28778ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T18:21:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_VINICIOS_MENEGUZZI_MALFATTI_COMPLETO.pdf: 2026893 bytes, checksum: 18e7cb1e9a35ed8e536f6e0ed28778ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / The footwear industry is one of the oldest in the world and even in ancient time humans have used rudimentary forms of shoes what eventually made the production of these items a form of business. Currently it plays a crucial role in the life of modern man. In 2010 the world produced and sold more than 25 billion pairs of shoes, most countries with emerging economy. Faced with this huge demand is growing concern about the possible environmental impacts. In this context, environmental performance assessment methodologies can be used by product developers in their choices of materials and more environmentally friendly processes and motivate the consumer to purchase the product and serving as a marketing tool. Therefore, this work presents an evaluation and comparison of the environmental performance of specific sportive shoes production system where three different scenario were tested, distinguished from materials selection, polyurethane canvas, jeans, and recycled denim canvas. The production systems environmental performances were evaluated by the life cycle assessment methodology (NBR NBR ISO14040 and ISO14044) from cradle to gate, including the acquisition / production of raw materials for fabric production and its processing; transportation to the company; production of leather (sewing) and transportation of waste. The CML 2001 method was used for the evaluation, and considered impacts: Climate change 100a; Potential eutrophication; Potential acidification; Ecotoxicity, human, land, fresh water and marine. The chosen functional unit was 3000 pairs of shoes / year, referring to the average annual production of each shoe by Villaget company, Novo Hamburgo / RS, where production data were collected. Monte Carlo simulation was used to access the uncertainty of impacts for each product system and subsequently the TukeyHSD test with 95% significance and null hypothesis of equality of environmental impacts. The burning and firewood extraction for Jeans production are the most striking processes in the production of canvas shoes jeans. The production difenilmetilenoisocianato used in the production of polyurethane is the main impacting process in the production of polyurethane leather. The shoes from the canvas recycled jeans presents as more impactful processes involved in the production of electricity. Potential for eutrophication, marine ecotoxicity and drinking water are statistically equal to the three product systems. The polyurethane shoes had the worst results in the other impacts, except in human toxicity in the Jeans shown the worst. / A ind?stria cal?adista ? uma das mais antigas do mundo e ainda na idade antiga, ou mesmo na pr?-hist?ria, o ser humano j? utilizava formas rudimentares de cal?ados e eventualmente fazia da confec??o desses itens uma forma de neg?cio. Atualmente ? um produto essencial na vida do homem contempor?neo. No ano de 2010 o mundo produziu e comercializou mais de 25 bilh?es de pares de cal?ados, grande parte em pa?ses com economia emergente. Frente a esta grande demanda, ? crescente a preocupa??o com os poss?veis impactos ambientais. Neste contexto, a metodologias de avalia??o de desempenho ambiental podem ser utilizadas pelos desenvolvedores de produtos nas suas escolhas de materiais e processos mais ambientalmente amig?veis, al?m de motivar o consumidor na compra do produto e servindo como ferramenta de marketing. Portanto, esse trabalho apresenta uma avalia??o e compara??o do desempenho ambiental da produ??o de tr?s sistemas de cabedal produzidos a partir de lona de poliuretano, jeans, e lona de jeans reciclado. Todos os sistemas foram avaliados para uso em cal?ados esportivos a partir da metodologia de avalia??o do ciclo de vida (NBR ISO14040 e NBR ISO14044) do ber?o ao port?o, abrangendo a aquisi??o/produ??o de mat?rias primas para os tecidos; produ??o e beneficiamento dos tecidos; transporte at? a empresa; produ??o do cabedal (corte e costura) e transporte dos res?duos. O m?todo CML 2001 foi utilizado para a avalia??o, sendo considerados os impactos: Mudan?as clim?ticas 100a; Potencial de eutrofiza??o; Potencial de acidifica??o; Ecotoxicidade, humana, terrestre, ?gua pot?vel e marinha. A unidade funcional escolhida foi de 3000 pares de cabedal/ano, referente ? produ??o m?dia anual de cada cabedal pela empresa Villaget, de Novo Hamburgo/RS, onde os dados de produ??o foram coletados. Simula??o de Monte Carlo foi utilizada para acessar a incerteza dos impactos para cada sistema de produto e subsequentemente o teste TukeyHSD com 95% de signific?ncia e hip?tese nula de igualdade dos impactos ambientais. A queima e a extra??o de lenha para a produ??o de Jeans s?o os processos mais impactantes na produ??o do cabedal de jeans. A produ??o de difenilmetilenoisocianato, utilizado na produ??o de poliuretano, ? o principal processo impactante na produ??o de cabedal de poliuretano. O cabedal a partir da lona reciclada de jeans apresenta como processos mais impactantes os envolvidos na produ??o de eletricidade. Potencial de eutrofiza??o, ecotoxicidade marinha e de ?gua pot?vel s?o estatisticamente iguais para os tr?s sistemas de produto. O cabedal de poliuretano teve os piores resultados nos outros impactos, exceto na toxicidade humana em que o Jeans se mostra o pior.
2

Indutores de impacto ambiental : uma an?lise para a Am?rica Latina e pa?ses membros da OCDE

Garcia, Patr?cia Lazzarotti 31 March 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 459070.pdf: 276897 bytes, checksum: 6b20e990146fe5ab5682e04406b29e67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / The aim of this work is to verify and analyze the driver of environmental impact in Latin America and OECD countries member for the period 2000-2008 .To this end, we used the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population , Affluence and Technology ( STIRPAT ) model widely used in the literature , which presupposes that the population, affluence and technology are the main drivers of environmental impact . This model allows the use of statistical methods and the inclusion of other explanatory variables to the model . Were used panel data with fixed effects method for the study . Four models , where the measure used was the environmental impact ecological footprint analysis for Latin America and OECD , and CO2 emissions , also for Latin America and OECD were estimated . The estimation results corroborate in some respects with the current literature, demonstrating that population and income are the most important variables to explain the environmental impacts, whether for developed countries, represented here by the OECD, is for developing countries, as in case of Latin American countries. The innovation of labor is associated with concomitant use of this model for analysis of OECD countries and Latin America. / O objetivo do presente trabalho ? verificar e analisar os indutores de impacto ambiental nos pa?ses da Am?rica Latina e nos pa?ses membros da Organiza??o para a Coopera??o e Desenvolvimento Econ?mico (OCDE) para o per?odo de 2000 a 2008. Para tal, foi utilizado o Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT), modelo amplamente utilizado na literatura, que tem como pressuposto que a popula??o, a aflu?ncia e a tecnologia s?o os principais indutores de impacto no meio ambiente. Este modelo permite a utiliza??o de m?todos estat?sticos e a inser??o de outras vari?veis explicativas ao modelo. Para o estudo foram utilizados dados em painel, com o m?todo de efeitos fixos. Foram estimados seis modelos, onde as medidas de impacto ambiental utilizadas foram a pegada ecol?gica, emiss?o de CO2 total e emiss?o de CO2 per capita para a an?lise da Am?rica Latina e OCDE. Os resultados da estima??o corroboram em alguns aspectos com a literatura vigente, demonstrando que a popula??o e a renda s?o as vari?veis mais importantes para explicar os impactos ambientais, seja para pa?ses desenvolvidos, aqui representado pelos membros da OCDE, seja para pa?ses em desenvolvimento, como no caso dos pa?ses Latino americanos . A inova??o do trabalho est? associada ? utiliza??o deste modelo para an?lise concomitante dos pa?ses da OCDE e Am?rica Latina.

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