This study examines public relations practice in a developing country by looking at two Indonesian organisations - a commercial television station (RCTI) and a state university (UGM) - using a case study approach complemented with a qualitative analysis of the history of public relations practice at a societal level. Two theories about advanced public relations practice have been borrowed for the framework of the study. They are Grunig's model of public relations and Broom's public relations role theory. However, given the less developed practice of public relations in Indonesia, the present study did not intend to test these theories in a rigorous manner. Rather, the theories have been mainly used as guidance in analysing public relations practice in Indonesia. Modern public relations has been practiced in Indonesia as early as the 1940s. Public relations was used as part of Indonesia's struggle for independence, while the arrival of multinational corporations, and recent changes in national economic policy, has since extended public relations practice into the wider corporate world. While it is clear that both RCTI and UGM considered public relations important, they treated public relations in different ways. RCTI, as a private sector company, located its public relations department in the higher level of its organisational structure with the purpose of promoting the interests of the organisation and defending itself in the marketplace of ideas. UGM, as a public sector agency, located its public relations department in the lowest level of the organisational structure. Overall, public relations as an organisational activity was more important in RCTI. However, both organisations practiced the first two models of public relations, namely, the press agentry and the public information model, and public relations practitioners in both RCTI and UGM predominantly played the role of technicians.

In the Sumberjaya district of West Lampung, Indonesia, there has been widespread replacement of rainforest by robusta coffee. However, few studies have explored the relationship between birds and coffee gardens in Southeast Asia. This study examines the use of coffee gardens and other habitats by birds in the Sumberjaya and Pesisir regions. Birds and their habitat use were surveyed, as were structural and floristic vegetation features. Interviews with farmers indicated land management practices and limitations, as well as local perceptions of shade trees, birds and conservation programs. There were clear differences in bird diversity and assemblage uniqueness between types of coffee gardens. Over the region, ' multistrata ' gardens supported the greatest number of species. However, all coffee types had lower taxonomic diversity of birds than did forest. Frugivores, and birds of high conservation dependence, were poorly represented in coffee gardens. Microhabitat use by birds was significantly different between habitats, and it appeared that the birds did make use of structural features as they became available. Farmers indicated that shade trees had benefits such as sheltering coffee plants, and providing produce, but were also apprehensive about over - shading. Many claimed that bird assemblages have changed, yet while describing habitat loss as a past problem, few people felt that forest loss would cause bird deaths. Most farmers believed that coffee gardens had potential to provide useful bird habitat. Interviewees believed that both Government and the community were responsible for conservation. Many showed interest in co - operative conservation programs, particularly if they allowed farmers flexibility, or if they involved incentives related to land tenure. There was also interest in market - based schemes such as eco - certification. The primary action needed for conservation of Sumberjaya ' s birds is to minimise ongoing forest degradation. This may be achieved by linking incentives such as land tenure to forest protection. Capacity to create a certified coffee scheme may be limited by poor coffee quality and inappropriate garden characteristics. Farms maintained primarily for coffee production showed limited value for rainforest - adapted birds. However, the Krui damar gardens suggest a model, which as a forest buffer zone, may allow a more gentle spatial transition from agricultural to forest conditions. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Social Sciences, 2005.

"October 2003" / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 247-259) / xvi, 259, [33] leaves : ill., maps, photos ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, Discipline of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2004

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-111)

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-81)

Indonesia’s arduous path to democracy is threatened by several domestic conflicts.<br> Although the civil war in Aceh – a region in the north of Sumatra – has claimed thousands of victims, the incidents have not yet been adequately dealt with – neither in the public domain nor within the scientific community. In May 2003, the Indonesian president, Megawati Sukarnoputri, imposed material law on the Aceh region in order to crack down on the separatist movement Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM). This step does not seem to be in line with serious concepts of democracy and is threatening the consolidation of the transformation process.<br> The author seeks to shed light on the roots of the conflict, the motivation of leading politicians in Jakarta to deploy military means instead of continuing negotiations, and its consequences for the Indonesian process of democratisation.

The main objectives of this study were: to provide a review of key concepts and issues relevant to solid waste management in developing countries; to analyse and evaluate the hotel solid waste management (HSWM) program in Bali, Indonesia; and to suggest recommendations and areas for further research. The following data collection methods were used in this study: review of documents and literature, interviews, surveys and field observations. Tourism in host regions such as Bali can bring both positive and negative impacts. One aspect of tourism that can have an impact on local communities is solid waste management (SWM). Improper SWM can lead to pollution and deterioration of the aesthetic appeal of tourist destinations. Conversely, solid waste can be a resource to the local community, providing opportunities for business development and the achievement of social, political and environmental objectives. Planning for SWM is complex, involving the consideration of multiple and interconnected issues. Therefore, in addressing SWM issues, it is appropriate to use an integrated approach that recognises the various stakeholders, activities and perspectives involved. In addition, concepts such as appropriate technology, cleaner production, life cycle assessment and environmental management systems can be useful for improving how solid waste management is approached. A local environmental non-governmental organisation (NGO), waste hauler and hotels in Bali developed a program to improve the management of solid waste from hotels. The history, planning, management and stakeholders involved with the development of this program are described in this study. Various issues pertaining to the achievement of social, environmental and economic objectives are investigated to provide a view of program realities and the range of challenges faced by program participants. Conclusions and lessons learned from the case study are presented and links between concepts in the literature and findings from the case study are discussed. Recommendations concerning topics such as planning, management, stakeholder involvement, health and safety, data management and source separation are suggested and future research directions are outlined.

This thesis is an attempt to study the role of Ahmad Surkati in al-Ishrad movement in Java and its implications for the Arab community in Indonesia.

The main objectives of this study were: to provide a review of key concepts and issues relevant to solid waste management in developing countries; to analyse and evaluate the hotel solid waste management (HSWM) program in Bali, Indonesia; and to suggest recommendations and areas for further research. The following data collection methods were used in this study: review of documents and literature, interviews, surveys and field observations. Tourism in host regions such as Bali can bring both positive and negative impacts. One aspect of tourism that can have an impact on local communities is solid waste management (SWM). Improper SWM can lead to pollution and deterioration of the aesthetic appeal of tourist destinations. Conversely, solid waste can be a resource to the local community, providing opportunities for business development and the achievement of social, political and environmental objectives. Planning for SWM is complex, involving the consideration of multiple and interconnected issues. Therefore, in addressing SWM issues, it is appropriate to use an integrated approach that recognises the various stakeholders, activities and perspectives involved. In addition, concepts such as appropriate technology, cleaner production, life cycle assessment and environmental management systems can be useful for improving how solid waste management is approached. A local environmental non-governmental organisation (NGO), waste hauler and hotels in Bali developed a program to improve the management of solid waste from hotels. The history, planning, management and stakeholders involved with the development of this program are described in this study. Various issues pertaining to the achievement of social, environmental and economic objectives are investigated to provide a view of program realities and the range of challenges faced by program participants. Conclusions and lessons learned from the case study are presented and links between concepts in the literature and findings from the case study are discussed. Recommendations concerning topics such as planning, management, stakeholder involvement, health and safety, data management and source separation are suggested and future research directions are outlined.

Indonesia has the greatest number of overseas Chinese in the world; however, ethnic Chinese is the third largest ethnic group in Indonesia. Due to different history and culture, there is a gap between indigenous people and ethnic Chinese. Therefore, the Indonesian government regulated many policies which were against ethnic Chinese since 1949. The policies on ethnic Chinese during the periods of President Sukarno and President Suharto had been changed from loose to strict, and from strict to assimilation, and from assimilation to deregulation. After the era of Suharto, the policies on ethnic Chinese were changed again to pluralism. However, China is the specific factor in Indonesia¡¦s changing policy toward ethnic Chinese. Therefore, this research is trying to discuss Indonesia¡¦s changing policies on ethnic Chinese during the periods of President Sukarno and President Suharto and to the post Suharto era, which is also the democratization stage. After discussing the policy- changing on ethnic Chinese, the thesis will also analyze the role of China in the process of Indonesia¡¦s changing policies toward ethnic Chinese.