Three experiments were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that young infants? failures to search for occluded objects arises, not from deficiencies in their object representations, but from limitations in experience with the physical world. Successful means-end search is typically found at 8 months of age and is traditionally taken as the hallmark of object permanence. However, recent evidence suggests that infants much younger than 8 months of age are able to represent and reason about objects that are no longer visible. In Experiment 1, successful means-end search was found for 8. 5-, but not 6. 5-month-old infants in a traditional task, but younger infants showed successful search ability when the task was made familiar to them in Experiment 2 (i. e. , when the toy and occluder are first presented as a single composite object), and when they were given the opportunity to watch a demonstration of the solution to the task in Experiment 3. These results are taken as evidence for the ?experiential limitation? hypothesis and suggest that young infants are more apt at solving manual search tasks than previously acknowledged.

There is a well-established connection between adult mortality and the conditions an individual is exposed to while in utero. There is a wealth of research that connects conditions such as asthma and allergies, mortality due to heart disease and diagnoses of schizophrenia to conditions during an individual?s early life and even their time in utero. The aim of this dissertation is to see if this same connection can be made to infant mortality, and further will there be any connection in contemporary cohorts? I use the Linked Birth/Infant Death dataset available from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for the years 2000 to 2004. This dissertation specifically uses the dependent variable "cause specific infant death" with various measures of the time the infant was born or was in utero. I undertake three multinomial logistic regression models with the dependent variable "cause specific infant death." I then proceed to a multilevel multinomial logistic regression model using state-level climate measures at the second level. I conclude with the construction of maps displaying the spatial relationship between infant mortality and climate. The first analysis uses the independent variable of interest "month of birth," the second analysis uses the independent variable of interest "months of first trimester," and the last level-one analysis uses the independent variable of interest "months of third trimester." After running all three models, I determined that the most effective independent variable of interest is "month of birth," which I use in a multilevel logistic regression model. The multilevel model uses the month of birth variable at level-one and incorporates state level measures of climate at the second level. I find that the humidity index and the temperature index are negatively associated with the month of birth variable and cause specific infant death variables, meaning that the higher these indices, the more the benefit to an infant's chances of survival. The wind index is consistently positive, meaning that the interaction of wind with cause specific infant death and month of birth is detrimental to an infant's survival. The last methods chapter shows the spatial relationship between infant mortality and climate. In this chapter I find that infant mortality in the United States is concentrated in the Southern U.S., which is also where there is a concentration of high temperature states. The connections between wind and humidity with the infant mortality rate are less consistent.

Infant mortality is viewed as an important indicator of the health and social conditions of a population. However, the infant mortality rate in the United States is estimated to be much lower than those of other developed nations. This dissertation analyzes the hazard of fetal and infant death for twins and triplets in the United States between the years of 1995 and 2000. This dissertation had two main objectives: first, to examine the effects of the birthweight and gestational age on the hazards of fetal, neonatal, postneonatal, and infant death; and second, to better understand the timing of mortality among multiples during their early life. I show that after controlling for relevant characteristics of the mother and child, gestational age and birthweight significantly influence the hazard of mortality for twins and triplets. The major finding in this dissertation shows that there is a higher hazard for twins than triplets. The unexpected higher hazard of mortality for twins compared to triplets may well be due to the social and demographic characteristics of parents of twins and triplets, particularly the possible use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies.

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) was first described by Von Boros and Karangi in 1931, was a result of developments in ultrastructural cytochemistry and immunologic phenotyping acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of megakaryocytic lineage have been diagnosed increasingly. The French-American-British (FAB) Co-operative Group established the criteria for the diagnosis and added this category as a distinct subtype of AML (M7) in 1985. The main subtypes of AML in the infants are M4, M5, and M7. One 25-day-old infant was referred to the hospital for further examination of white blood cell. Hepatosplenomegaly and anemia were physically examined, and he was diagnosed to be an AMKL case. Abnormal karyotype 46,XY,t(1;1)(p13;p36) was observed in this patient. This study aims to identify the AMKL potentially related genes on the breakpoints of Homo sapiens autosomal (HSA) 1p13 and 1p36 in this case by candidate gene approaches. Data-mining of the AMKL potentially related genes on breakpoints of HSA1p13 and 1p36 through NCBI Map Viewer Database, OMIM Morbid Map, and OMIM Gene Map were performed. We identified three candidate genes on HSA1p13 and 15 candidate genes on HSA 1p36. RBM15-MKL1 fusion on t(1;22)(p13;q13) was reported to be AMKL genes by Ma et al., Mercher et al., and the Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations in Cancer. We anticipated RBM15 is also a related gene on HSA1p13 in this AMKL case, and compared the Gene Ontology terms between MKL1 and these 15 candidate genes on HSA1p36. SKI becomes our first candidate gene on 1p36 in this case. To identify candidate genes locating at HSA1p13 and 1p36, including RBM15 and SKI were screened at both cDNA and genomic DNA levels. According to these results, RBM15 and SKI are more likely to be candidate genes. Thus RBM15 and SKI may be the novel AMKL genes in t(1;1)(p13;p36) AMKL patients.

It is the extreme essential that the functions of the modernizing pharmacy stores integrate into the entire community and medical care system. Due to the environment alternation and the constant epoch evolution, however, pharmacy stores have not only been impacted by the national health insurance and the medicine profession categorization, but also affected by the logistic development and the business modernization. Under the circumstances, pharmacy stores have to confront transformation, and pursue the much better solutions in assuring the persistent business management in future. This research focuses on pharmacy stores around the middle of Taiwan, and proceeds with the questionnaire investigations without signature, aiming at four hundreds of their consumers in Taichung, Nantao, Chang Hua and adjacent districts. The contents of questionnaire include four sections: 1) The comparison of both modernizing and traditional pharmacies; 2) Personal daily custom of healthy life style; 3) Perceiving of import infant Milk powder serving by pharmacy stores; 4) Individual base information. Based on the analysis of the questionnaire investigation findings, the purport is to realize whether or not the purchasing custom of ordinary consumers would be changed in the existence of import infant milk powder serving by the modern pharmacy chain stores. This research discovered that: Since infant milk powder is the sole principal food of baby, parents are very much concerned about it. The manufacturers have the respective features for milk powder of their own brands, and babies have quite different physiques. The certain brand of infant milk powder might be suitable for some babies, but against another ones on the other hands. For such instances, more than 80% of consumers are in favor of milk powder serving by pharmacy stores, according to the findings of the research, and agree that they would go there for consults if they need to make a decision about milk powder. Besides, the more often milk powder they purchased from pharmacy stores, the more frequency that they interacted with medicine chemists.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 250 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 240-250).

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-46).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 1979. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-110).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 501-533). Also available on the Internet.