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Microbial inoculants are forage additive products that contain viable bacteria and sometimes a combination of enzymes. Bacterial inoculants are used primarily for two reasons; first to gain rapid fermentation and second to decrease or inhibit spoilage. Inoculants work by shifting the fermentation of forage crops. The shift of fermentation causes preservation of nutrients, dry matter (DM) and occasionally increases animal performance. Most inoculants contain lactic acid producing bacteria to aid in shifting fermentation to lactic acid and away from acetic acid and ethanol production; however some inoculants aid in aerobic stability enhancement by production of acetic acid.. Although most inoculants are homoermenters, two other types are heterofermentative and combination inoculants. Prior to inoculation a few things should be considered, has there been peer-reviewed research published to support claims made by the company and does the inoculant meet your overall goal (i.e. fermentation enhancement, aerobic stability enhancement etc.).

Master of Science / Department of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources / Kimberly A. Williams / Liquid organic fertilizers and microbial inoculants of beneficial microorganisms are garnering interest from commercial greenhouse growers who seek to produce crops more sustainably, but research about their efficacy is limited and results are conflicting. This research focused on comparing the effect of microbial inoculant addition in two soilless crop production systems under organic versus conventional fertilization. Two experiments were conducted with impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) in a peat-based substrate and four experiments were conducted with butterhead lettuce (Latuca sativa) in nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponics. In the impatiens studies, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were incorporated pre-plant equally across treatments using OsmocoteTM, or organic fertilizers Bloodmeal or Feathermeal. An inorganic constant liquid feed (CLF) was also evaluated. Microbial inoculants that contained a variety of beneficial species, including Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. were drench-applied at the beginning of the cropping cycle. Impatiens growth was comparable between the nutrient regimens in one of the studies. CO2 respiration was measured on substrate samples. At a 5X application rate, inoculants contributed to subtle increases in plant growth in organic treatments, but microbial activity was unaffected as measured by CO2 respiration. However, organic nutrient sources contributed to higher CO2 respiration at day 7 of the production cycle compared to inorganic nutrient sources. The hydroponic trials consisted of inorganic and organic nutrient regimens, evaluated with and without microbial inoculant addition. Nutrient analyses and CO2 respiration of the nutrient solutions were collected. Use of inoculants resulted in increased plant growth when used in organic nutrient regimens in some trials. Plant dry weight and CO2 respiration in the inorganic nutrient regimens were increased in certain instances with inoculant addition. No differences in mycorrhizal root colonization were observed in either nutrient regimen with mycorrhizal inoculant addition. Petiole NO3-N concentration of lettuce plants grown with inorganic nutrient sources was greater than that of plants in organic regimens. Organic fertilizers and inoculant products resulted in comparable or positive impacts on plant growth and food crop quality in some treatment scenarios in these studies. The specific circumstances of crop production systems dictate whether plant growth response may occur from inoculant incorporation.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil and Water, 2001. / Bibliography: leaves 177-191.

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2003. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 29 novembre 2004). Bibliogr.

Yes

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-21T11:16:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fagner Jos? de Carvalho Louren?o.pdf: 722093 bytes, checksum: 3d1733623cf87f8f9db8063b46e336ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T11:16:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fagner Jos? de Carvalho Louren?o.pdf: 722093 bytes, checksum: 3d1733623cf87f8f9db8063b46e336ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / A fild plot was carried out in Rio Pomba, MG state, dealing with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from March to May 2015. Six cultivars were compared under organic farming from seeds inoculated or not inoculated (= control) with commercial biological products based upon N2 fixing bacteria (Rhizobium tropici) and plant growth promoting bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense). Two of the cultivars, ?Ouro Vermelho? and ?BRSMG Madrep?rola?, are recommended and have been developed for Minas Gerais bean growing regions. They are both characterized by a high grain yield potential and belong to ?vermelho? and ?carioca? groups, respectively, which are of known preference by state consumers. On the other hand the cultivars ?Bola?, ?Kaboon?, ?Constanza?, and ?Manteig?o? represent introduced genotypes producing grains considered of special types on account of tegument color, size (= mass) and / or shape differing from the most commonly planted beans in Brazil. Such differential traits have been associated to an aggregate value because of their higher prices in the organic market of Brazilian southeast large cities. The study aimed at evaluating the introduced cultivars in comparison with the regional cultivars relating agronomic performance under organic farming as well as the respective response to seed inoculation with the cited bacterial species having a potential for contributing to beans organic management system by favoring crop yields. The research concept was based on the perspective of agrobiodiversity gains in organic farming units and on the possibility to improve farmer?s family income by means of expanding foods variety offered to consumers, specially focusing on beans, a major daily component of Brazilian?s diet due to its high nutritional quality. The experiment followed a randomized block design in a six x two factorial scheme with four replicates. Results referring data on marketable grain yields pointed out the viability of beans organic farming under Rio Pomba soil and weather conditions. The special grains introduced cultivars yields were close or, in certain cases, comparable to those of the two Minas Gerais recommended cultivars. The overall average of cultivars yields, independently of seed treatments, in which co-inoculation did not differ from the control (= non treated seeds), widely surpassed regional and national mean yields reported for the bean crop. The N2 stock ready to be utilized by the plants present in the soil of the experimented plant and a possible significant contribution fron biological fixation were able to fulfill crop requirements since no inputs have been made as nitrogen fertilizers. Root nodulation otherwise indicated the relevant contribution of local soil bacterial communities already stablished in the experimental plot and responsible for beneficial interactions with the bean plants. On the basis of the average between seed treatments the highest nodulation rates in terms of total number of nodules per root dry matter linked to the cultivars ?Ouro Vermelho? and ?BRSMG Madrep?rola? which also had the higher grain yields. Statistical analysis of the agronomic attributes considered in the study demonstrated significant differences among cultivars, including: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, and weight (= mass) of 100 grains (approx. 12% moisture). The first of such traits positively correlated with grain yield. Data also indicated that the number of grains per pod was inversely proportional to the 100 grains / mass. The last index (100 grains / mass weight) represented an estimative of the differences in grain sizes. With no exceptions, those introduced cultivars producing larger ? sized grains also revealed higher 100 grains mass values. The discarded levels of grains not reaching market standards again varied among cultivars and had influence on commercially suitable grain yields. This result leads to the need of adjusting bean organic farming in order to reduce yield losses. / Foi realizado em Rio Pomba, estado de Minas Gerais, um experimento de campo com o feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) correspondendo ? ?safra da seca` no per?odo de mar?o a maio do ano de 2015. Foram comparadas seis cultivares submetidas a sistema org?nico de produ??o, a partir de sementes co-inoculadas ou n?o (= controle) com produtos comerciais ? base de bact?rias fixadoras do nitrog?nio atmosf?rico (Rhizobium tropici) e de promotoras do crescimento vegetal (Azospirillum brasilense). Dessas seis cultivares, duas delas, ?Ouro Vermelho` e ?BRSMG Madrep?rola`, s?o recomendadas para plantio no estado e foram desenvolvidas e selecionadas para as regi?es mineiras produtoras de feij?o, sendo ambas caracterizadas pelo alto potencial de rendimento em gr?os dos grupos vermelho e carioca, respectivamente, de comprovada prefer?ncia dos consumidores de Minas Gerais. J?, as quatro outras cultivares, a saber: ?Bola`, ?Kaboon`, ?Constanza` e ?Manteig?o`, correspondem a gen?tipos introduzidos e que produzem gr?os considerados como especiais, por conta de colora??o, tamanho (massa) e/ou formato diferenciados. Tais atributos t?m sido associados a um valor agregado dessas cultivares, traduzido pelas cota??es mais elevadas de pre?os na comercializa??o em bancas e g?ndolas de produtos org?nicos encontradas em grandes metr?poles do Sudeste brasileiro. Os objetivos do estudo de Rio Pomba foram os de avaliar esses gen?tipos quanto a seu desempenho agron?mico sob manejo org?nico, al?m de suas respectivas respostas quando cultivados a partir da inocula??o, das sementes no pr?-plantio, com o cons?rcio mencionado de esp?cies bacterianas potencialmente capazes de contribuir para a viabiliza??o desse manejo, atrav?s de ganhos em produtividade. A concep??o da pesquisa fundamentou-se nas perspectivas de aumento da agrobiodiversidade em unidades de produ??o org?nica e da melhoria de renda familiar dos agricultores, por meio da diversifica??o da oferta de alimentos ? popula??o consumidora, especialmente com foco no feij?o, preponderante na dieta dos brasileiros e destacado por sua riqueza nutricional. O ensaio ficou delineado em blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es, constituindo um esquema fatorial 6 x 2. Os resultados obtidos, em termos de rendimento comercial das cultivares, apontaram para a viabilidade do manejo org?nico sob as condi??es edafoclim?ticas de Rio Pomba, com as cultivares de gr?os especiais introduzidas produzindo satisfatoriamente, aproximando-se ou mesmo, em alguns casos, alcan?ando valores compar?veis ?queles de cultivares recomendadas para Minas Gerais. A m?dia geral, calculada independentemente, dos tratamentos das sementes em que a co-inocula??o n?o diferiu do controle, suplantaram amplamente as m?dias regional e nacional de produ??o de feij?o por unidade de ?rea cultivada. O estoque de nitrog?nio assimil?vel presente no solo da ?rea experimental ? uma controbui??o possivelmente significativa da fixa??o biol?gica, foram suficientes para as necessidades da cultura, vez que n?o houve aporte do macronutriente na forma de aduba??o nitrogenada. A nodula??o radicular evidenciou atividade de comunidades de bact?rias j? estabelecidas no solo da ?rea experimental, respons?veis por intera??es ben?ficas com o feijoeiro. Tomando-se a m?dia entre os tratamentos de sementes (co-inocula??o e controle) os ?ndices superiores de nodula??o, com base no n?mero total de n?dulos por mat?ria seca das ra?zes, coincidiram com as cultivares mais produtivas (?Ouro Vermelho` e ?BRSMG Madrep?rola`). As an?lises estat?sticas das vari?veis fitot?cnicas consideradas no estudo revelaram diferen?as significativas entre as cultivares, incluindo: n?mero de vagens por planta, n?mero de gr?os por vagem e massa de 100 gr?os ( + ou ? 12% de umidade). A primeira delas correlacionou-se positivamente com a produtividade. Os dados indicaram, ainda, que o n?mero de gr?os por vagem ? inversamente proporcional ? massa de 100 gr?os (correla??o negativa). Este ?ltimo ?ndice representou uma estimativa das diferen?as no tamanho dos gr?os. Sem exce??es, aquelas cultivares introduzidas, caracterizadas pela produ??o de gr?os gra?dos, igualmente mostraram valores mais elevados das amostras dos 100 gr?os. Os n?veis de descarte de gr?os fora dos padr?es de mercado tamb?m variaram entre as cultivares testadas, influindo, em maior ou menor grau, no respectivo rendimento comercial, assim sinalizando para a conveni?ncia de ajustes no manejo org?nico do feijoeiro, objetivando contribuir para redu??o desse fator de perdas nas colheitas

Bibliography: leaves 177-191.

Bibliography: leaves 177-191. / xxi, 191 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil and Water, 2001