This dissertation explored the efficacy of the new Basel III banking standards in SACU, grounded on the conjecture that they are not reflective of economies of SACU, but are merely an intensification of Basel II, rather than a substantial break with it. Firstly, loans and assets were tested for causality, since Basel III believes growth in these variables led to securitization. The leverage ratio has been introduced in Basel III as an anti-cyclical buffer. The OLS technique was employed to test for its significance in determining growth in bank assets. SACU feels the impact of debt, with credit is marginally treated in Basel III and is not introspective of the realities of its economies. ANOVA tests using debt, credit and GDP were done to determine a better method of addressing cyclicality. The leverage ratio was insignificant in Namibia, with debt and credit having momentous impacts on GDP in SACU. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)

Performance evaluation of internal auditing departments is extremely important as organisations depend on the advice and assurance they obtain from these department. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the perceived most relevant and appropriate performance measurement system (PMS) used to evaluate the performance of internal auditing departments. The determination of such a PMS may lead to effective performance measurement, meeting and exceeding stakeholders’ expectations, and achieving strategic objectives. Questionnaires were distributed to organisations that hold an internal auditing department within the regions of Cape Town, South Africa and Windhoek, Namibia. The Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) tool was used to analyse the data. The results obtained from the survey reveal that the most frequently used PMS to evaluate the performance of internal auditing departments is the Balanced Scorecard. The results also indicate that the Chief Audit Executive (CAE)/internal auditing managers are of the opinion that stakeholders expect the PMS of Internal Audit to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of their department. The CAE/internal auditing managers are also of the opinion that stakeholders expect the PMS to measure the competency of internal auditing departments and ensure that these departments adhere to the Code of Ethics, International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (ISPPIA), and apply the risk-based approach to their operations. The implications of this study contribute to identifying the PMS perceived to be the most relevant and appropriate to evaluate the performance of internal auditing departments. This study has affirmed that the Balanced Scorecard is perceived to be this PMS for effective and efficient performance evaluation of internal auditing departments. Despite the Balanced Scorecard being the effective and efficient PMS for internal auditing departments, it is not utilised properly to make provision for measures focusing on the assessment of risk management processes, internal audit control, and governance.

A recente crise financeira global trouxe para o centro do debate internacional o tema da regulação dos mercados de capitais e, com ela, suas diversas qualificações como um fator responsável pela crise. O trabalho tem como foco entender o papel da cooperação internacional em matéria regulatória e, particularmente, a existência de incentivos, preferências, ideias e instituições inerentes à cooperação entre estados. Para tanto, realiza uma análise sistêmica de iniciativas regulatórias tomadas por quatro países entre 2007 e 2011, com o fim de verificar a existência de padrões, modalidades específicas e os caminhos da cooperação na regulação do mercado de capitais. Tendo como gatilho a eclosão da crise financeira global, os principais resultados apontam para um efetivo escrutínio doméstico das recomendações internacionais editadas e, em consequência, uma ampliação do conceito de cooperação regulatória. O que se verifica é que, além das atividades de supervisão e enforcement, emergem iniciativas regulatórias com diversos elementos e formatos comuns, que levam em conta a interação dos determinantes políticos e consequências econômicas advindos desse momentum. / The recent global financial crisis brought to the center of international discussion the debate concerning the regulation of capital markets, including its many variances, as a factor responsible for the crisis. The focus of this work is on the role of international cooperation in regard to regulation, with specific attention given to particular aspects such as the existence of incentives, preferences, ideas, and institutions inherent to cooperation between states. As such, this dissertation will provide a systematic analysis of regulatory initiatives taken by four countries between the years 2007 and 2011. The goal was to verify the existence of patterns, specific models, as well as pathways to cooperation in the regulation of capital markets. The principle results suggest an effective domestic scrutiny of international recommendations driven mostly by the outbreak of the global financial crisis, and as a result a broader concept of what is understood as regulatory cooperation. Besides new measures of supervision and enforcement, the work verified the emergence of regulatory initiatives, with both common elements and formats that take into consideration the interaction of political determinants and economic consequences arising from this momentum.

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Diplomová práce Ekonomické a právní aspekty auditorské činnosti se zabývá činností auditora. První kapitola se věnuje právní regulaci auditorské činnosti, tj. zákonu č. 93/2009 Sb. Jelikož zákon nabyl účinnosti dne 14.4.2009, jedná se o téma navýsost aktuální. Práce detailně popisuje jednotlivé instituty nového zákona jako je Rada pro veřejný dohled nad auditem, subjekty veřejného zájmu, zabývá se podmínkami pro výkon auditorské činnosti. Pozornost je věnována i zvýšeným nárokům na chování auditora jako jsou etika, nezávislost a mlčenlivost. Významný prostor je věnován i Komoře auditorů ČR jako jediné samosprávné organizaci zastřešující všechny auditory či auditorské společnosti. Závěr právní části je věnován zhodnocení současného právního stavu a nástinu možného dalšího vývoje, kde autor zaujímá stanovisko k této úpravě. Druhá kapitola, nazvaná Ekonomické aspekty auditorské činnosti, se zabývá popisem auditorské činnosti doprovázený mnoha praktickými příklady, tj. popisem práce auditora na jednotlivých zakázkách. V této práci nejsou popsány všechny aspekty auditorské činnosti. Pozornost je zaměřena na nejdůležitější z nich. Struktura této kapitoly kopíruje sled auditorských prací. Postupně popisuje obecné cíle auditora, plánování auditu, identifikace a vyhodnocení rizik při auditních zakázkách,...

Magister Legum - LLM / This study examines the legal and policy objectives of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) with specific reference to international standards and the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO). The study sets out the history and development of the TBT Agreement and the relationship between the TBT Agreement and selected WTO Agreements. The study also explores the application and interpretation of the TBT Agreement under the WTO dispute settlement system. More importantly, the study addresses the legal, policy and practical implications of the TBT Agreement for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in Africa. A central argument put forward in this study is that, albeit international standards have been recognised as an important tool for LDCs in Africa to gain access to foreign markets, there is no significant ‘political will’ and commitment from the key players in standardisation work, that is, the national governments, the private sector and the ISO. At the same time, some developed and developing countries tend to use their influence and involvement in the activities of the ISO as a means of promoting the use and adoption of their homegrown standards. The study proposes, among others, that a more participatory approach which encompasses representatives from consumer groups, the private sector and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) from these LDCs in Africa, should be adopted

The thesis is focused on cooperation between external and internal audit and its benefits for the selected organisation and all concerned parties. Theoretical part deals at the beginning with the history of external and internal audit in Europe, United states of America and Czech republic. Other chapters are dedicated to the definitions, mission and contribution of external and internal audit. The thesis also deals with the czech and international legislation in the field of the analyzed audit. The practical part is focused on external and internal audit in two organisations, more specifically the University of economics in Prague and company ČEZ. Those organisations were selected with the intent of making a comparison of the contribution of the audits in different institutions, when it comes to the nature of business and size.

The thesis describes law relating to auditors and audit services in the Czech republic. It consists of five chapters. The first one defines the audit, goes through its history, development, and lists the main goals it should fulfill. The second chapter deals with ethics of the audit profession. The rules are mainly covered by the ethics code which sets the basic principles all auditors are obliged to respect and follow. Various circumstances threatening these principles and settings that auditors might find themselves in are detailed there. The third chapter deals with the historical development of law relevant to audit services from 1989 to present. There is also defined which accounting entities are supposed to have their financial statements checked by an auditor in this chapter. The fourth chapter covers the up-to-date subject of implementation of the directive 2006/43/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council by the act no. 93/2009, on Auditors. The structure of the chapter follows the aforementioned act and its subchapters correspond to the act's titles. The last chapter lists the professional regulations the auditors are obliged to comply. This includes especially the International standards on auditing issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board. The end of the chapter addresses the project for increasing comprehensibility of international standards on auditing and ensuring its uniform administration.

This thesis describes the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and the Vietnamese national Standards on Auditing (VSA), their genesis and current situation. The thesis presents a development of the audit in Vietnam, it's present situation and expected progress. The research refers to a survey. The aim of this survey was finding out the opinions and attitudes of Vietnamese's auditors to ISA and VSA.

The thesis deals with the verification the financial statements and annual reports of the selected company. The aim of the thesis is to characterize the financial statements and the annual report and subsequent application of the theoretical basis for the practical demonstration of the audit contract specific firm. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into six separate parts. The first chapter describes the concept of audit, defines its basic objectives and principles and provides information about its development. The second chapter pursues to the regulation of the audit, both in terms of international standards and the czech law. The main legal standards are Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2006/43/EC., Act No. 93/2009 on Auditors and International Standards on Auditing. The third chapter defines the professional audit regulatory and characterizes the Code of Ethics. The fourth chapter focuses on the use of audit methods and procedures during the audit engagement. The last chapter of the theoretical basis discusses an audit documentation, as one of the possible means of proof audit trail. The last chapter of the thesis is represented by a practical part where the specific entity Zemský hřebčinec Písek státní podnik presents selected audit procedures and methods with a focus on work as an assistant of the auditor. An important part of the thesis consists of an annex that contains selected parts rather stable and normal component auditor's documentation.