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This thesis studies the interaction between the environmental regulations/ agreements and international trade. I investigate and verify pollution haven hypothesis with panel regression with industries and country level data. The pollution haven hypothesis states that stringent environmental policies may drive the dirty industries to the countries with less stringent regulations. This paper verifies the pollution haven hypothesis from three aspects. Imports will increase for European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) members for dirty industries while exports decrease. Both the inward and outward foreign direct investments of dirty industries decrease for EU ETS countries. In the last chapter, I consider all types of multilateral environmental agreements and show that the presences of multilateral environmental agreements decrease countries total trade volume.

This thesis is concerned with the analysis of shipping cost in theory and in the practice of Saudi shipping companies. Previous studies on cost structures and cost functions have been surveyed. Factors which affect each cost element have been derived from the surveyed studies to be used in establishing the cost functions of Saudi vessels. The empirical part of the thesis covers many related topics. First, costing systems and cost reports in Saudi shipping companies have been evaluated. Second, cross sectional cost and operation data of vessel samples in Saudi Arabia have been analysed. The results of this analysis are cost structures and cost functions. Several statistical techniques have been used for the analyses of cost data in the empirical part of the thesis. On the basis of this investigation, the researcher has arrived at several propositions. The most important contribution of the thesis is that it presents to the management of Saudi shipping companies relevant information to establish policies for cost reduction.

The dissertation identifies a body of public policies described as "politically intractable." These are policies which are of clear public benefit, but which involve high political costs to those who enact them. It is suggested that there are two routes to political tractability in the passage of these policies. The "low-risk" strategy entails insulating policy-makers from pressures applied by alienated vested interests. The "high-risk" strategy arises where actors responsible for passing intractable policies risk alienating vested interests if enacting the policy assists them to realize higher-order objectives. These higher-order objectives involve games of institutional design--attempts to reform or preserve (in the face of threat) the institutional structure of the state. The dissertation examines a subset of politically intractable policies called watershed trade policies. Watersheds are instances of substantial trade liberalization which reverse a long-standing tradition of protectionism. The dissertation explains the passage of three watersheds: Britain's repeal of the Corn Laws, the US Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, and Canada's Free Trade Implementation Act, in the context of the high-risk strategy. In these cases, trade liberalization is explained as a by-product of games of institutional design undertaken by political entrepreneurs within the state.

<p>In this thesis, the study examines the factors that are believed to be instrumental in this trade imbalance between the European Union and the developing world in the agricultural sector. The study focuses on the main reason for the existance of this imbalance which is the continued use of export subsidies by the European Union. The discussion attempts to highlight the inadequacies which exist in the current trade relationship between the European Union and developing nations , in particular South Africa with regard to agricultural produce.</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005. / "August, 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-77). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (S.J.D.)--University of Toronto, 2004. / Adviser: H.N. Janisch.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-173). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (LLM(Faculty of Law))--University of the Western Cape, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-113).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2007. / Adviser: John E. Roemer. Includes bibliographical references.