No description available.

Práce se zabývá problematikou firewallů a jejich vývojem. Rozdělena je na 4 hlavní části. V první (teoretické) části jsou rozpracovány některé důležité koncepty síťového provozu ? především pak ty s dopadem na zajištění bezpečného přístupu k síti. Rovněž jsou roztříděny firewally a zmíněny konkrétní dopady (přínosy) jejich nasazení. Na konci kapitoly si ještě rozebereme Standardy, které v této oblasti existují (především pak TCSEC a CC). Další část je věnována samotnému vývoji fw a především pak současným trendům posledních 5 let. Rozebrány jsou rovněž kromě jejich dopadů na bezpečnost i externality, které s nimi byly spojeny (změna chování uživatelů, rychlost, propustnost, atp.). Konec kapitoly obsahuje ještě výhledy předpokládaného vývoje v této oblasti. V praktické části se podíváme na některé nejdůležitější způsoby ochrany. V části terminace otestujeme všechny publikované metody terminace a možnosti ochrany. Nakonec v části odchozí komunikace provedeme test všech dostupných metod průniku ven ze sítě ? vyzkoušíme tedy všechny publikované techniky, jak dostat data nepozorovaně ven z počítače a zjistíme, jaké jsou možnosti obrany u konkrétní techniky. V poslední části se podíváme na některá důležitá či zajímavá praktická řešení z oblasti bezpečnosti sítí. Především pak na zabezpečení sítě Vysoké Školy Ekonomické v Praze, Checkpoint Firewall-1, a nakonec jeho nasazení na VŠE.

This thesis analyzes the differences in monetary return when saving in stocks using Individual Pension Saving (IPS) or saving directly on the stock exchange (OMX). An individual is assumed to have the same portfolio of stocks whether he or she uses IPS or OMX. Different length of saving years, payment years, real rates of return, saving amounts and different tax rates are compared to each other between the systems. The results indicate a clear benefit using IPS in the long run, when tax rates are higher during the saving period compared to when retrieving the payment. It also indicates an uncertain usefulness of IPS compared to OMX when individuals have only income tax when saving and retrieving payment. In some cases using IPS can generate a monetary loss compared to OMX. Individuals that are low-income earners and prefers a low risk in their investments should not use IPS, while high-income earners that prefer high risk investments should use IPS instead of directly investing on the OMX. / Den här uppsatsen analyserar skillnaderna i avkastning om man sparar i aktier när man använder sig av Individuellt pensionssparande (IPS) eller sparar direkt på börsen (OMX). En individ antas inneha samma aktieportfölj vare sig han eller hon nyttjar IPS eller OMX. Olika längd av sparande, utbetalning, olika realavkastningar, olika sparnivåer och olika skattesatser jämförs med varandra i de olika systemen. Resultaten indikerar en klar fördel för användandet av IPS på lång sikt, när skattesatsen vid sparandet överskrider skattesatsen vid erhållandet av betalningen. Det finns också indikationer på osäkerhet vad gäller nyttan av att använda IPS jämfört med OMX när individer endast har inkomstskatt både vid sparandet och vid erhållandet av betalningen. I vissa fall kan individen förlora på att nyttja IPS jämfört med OMX. Individer som är låginkomsttagare och föredrar låg risk på sina investeringar skall ej använda sig av IPS, medan höginkomsttagare som föredrar högrisk på sina investeringar skall använda IPS istället för OMX.

<p>This thesis analyzes the differences in monetary return when saving in stocks using Individual Pension Saving (IPS) or saving directly on the stock exchange (OMX). An individual is assumed to have the same portfolio of stocks whether he or she uses IPS or OMX. Different length of saving years, payment years, real rates of return, saving amounts and different tax rates are compared to each other between the systems. The results indicate a clear benefit using IPS in the long run, when tax rates are higher during the saving period compared to when retrieving the payment. It also indicates an uncertain usefulness of IPS compared to OMX when individuals have only income tax when saving and retrieving payment. In some cases using IPS can generate a monetary loss compared to OMX. Individuals that are low-income earners and prefers a low risk in their investments should not use IPS, while high-income earners that prefer high risk investments should use IPS instead of directly investing on the OMX.</p> / <p>Den här uppsatsen analyserar skillnaderna i avkastning om man sparar i aktier när man använder sig av Individuellt pensionssparande (IPS) eller sparar direkt på börsen (OMX). En individ antas inneha samma aktieportfölj vare sig han eller hon nyttjar IPS eller OMX. Olika längd av sparande, utbetalning, olika realavkastningar, olika sparnivåer och olika skattesatser jämförs med varandra i de olika systemen. Resultaten indikerar en klar fördel för användandet av IPS på lång sikt, när skattesatsen vid sparandet överskrider skattesatsen vid erhållandet av betalningen. Det finns också indikationer på osäkerhet vad gäller nyttan av att använda IPS jämfört med OMX när individer endast har inkomstskatt både vid sparandet och vid erhållandet av betalningen. I vissa fall kan individen förlora på att nyttja IPS jämfört med OMX. Individer som är låginkomsttagare och föredrar låg risk på sina investeringar skall ej använda sig av IPS, medan höginkomsttagare som föredrar högrisk på sina investeringar skall använda IPS istället för OMX.</p>

This thesis shows that p53-deficient mouse glioma brain tumour stem cells (BTSCs), which fail to express pluripotency factors, can be reprogrammed with specific transcription factors to generate iPS cell lines (GNS-iPS) expressing endogenous pluripotency factors (Nanog, Oct4, and Rex1). GNS-iPS cell lines formed embryoid bodies (EBs) in vitro and undifferentiated growths in vivo that phenotypically did not resemble tumours derived from non-reprogrammed BTSCs. EBs formed from one GNS-iPS cell line expressed markers of mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm. Tumours produced from GNS-iPS cells had reduced astrocytic marker (GFAP) expression compared to those generated from control iPS cell lines or non-reprogrammed BTSCs. Preliminary results suggest that the reprogrammed cells can be re-differentiated into cells that show neural precursor phenotype. These findings suggest that BTSCs can acquire aspects of the pluripotent state with a defined set of transcription factors, opening the door for further exploration of reprogramming strategies to attenuate the cancer phenotype.

This thesis shows that p53-deficient mouse glioma brain tumour stem cells (BTSCs), which fail to express pluripotency factors, can be reprogrammed with specific transcription factors to generate iPS cell lines (GNS-iPS) expressing endogenous pluripotency factors (Nanog, Oct4, and Rex1). GNS-iPS cell lines formed embryoid bodies (EBs) in vitro and undifferentiated growths in vivo that phenotypically did not resemble tumours derived from non-reprogrammed BTSCs. EBs formed from one GNS-iPS cell line expressed markers of mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm. Tumours produced from GNS-iPS cells had reduced astrocytic marker (GFAP) expression compared to those generated from control iPS cell lines or non-reprogrammed BTSCs. Preliminary results suggest that the reprogrammed cells can be re-differentiated into cells that show neural precursor phenotype. These findings suggest that BTSCs can acquire aspects of the pluripotent state with a defined set of transcription factors, opening the door for further exploration of reprogramming strategies to attenuate the cancer phenotype.

During the months of April and June 2014 the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) capturing was conducted into the pheromone traps followed by the verification of phenological model PHENIPS altogether at two study locations in the Czech Republic: Horní Planá in the southern Bohemia and Lipník nad Bečvou in the Olomouc region. The trapping was performed weekly with the help of pheromone tabular traps Theysohn which were equipped by pheromone-type evaporators Pheroprax from Chemipan. The aim of the study was to verify the validity of phenological model PHENIPS for the spruce bark beetle in the Czech Republic and verify whether the model is applicable for the Czech Republic. At the end of the 2014 season with the help of phenological models PHENIPS and the number of trapped bark beetle specimen the term of swarming and the term of colonization of host trees were determined. The sister generation activity was probably recorded in the several traps.

No description available.

Objective: Brugada Syndrome is an autosomal dominant congenital heart disease that is responsible for 20% of sudden deaths of patients with structurally normal hearts. The majority of mutations involve the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A and give rise to classical symptoms, which include an abnormal electrocardiogram with ST segment elevation and a predisposition to ventricular fibrillation. To date, the implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator is the only proven effective treatment of the disease. The ability to reprogram dermal fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and to differentiate these into cardiomyocytes with the same genetic background provides a novel approach to studying inherited cardiac channelopathies with advantages over existing model systems. Whilst this technique has enormous potential to model inherited channelopathies, such as Brugada Syndrome, the derived cells have not been fully characterised and compared to foetal and adult cardiomyocytes. Methods: Dermal fibroblasts from a patient with Brugada syndrome (SCN5A; c.1100G > A - pARG367HIS) and an age- and sex-matched control were reprogrammed using episomal vectors. All newly derived iPS cell lines were fully characterised using immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis and were compared to established human embryonic stem (hES) cell and in-house derived healthy control iPS cell lines. The same control cell lines were used to compare the efficiencies of several cardiac differentiation media. Spontaneously contracting areas, derived from control as well as patient iPS cell lines, were disaggregated and single cardiomyocytes were compared to foetal and adult cardiomyocytes isolated from primary human tissue using immunocytochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, membrane visualisation, calcium imaging and electrophysiology. Results: Comparison of cardiac differentiation protocols using healthy control hES and iPS cell lines found that despite significant inter-line variability with regard to efficiency of cardiac formation guided differentiation protocols could be used to reliably and efficiently generate beating bodies. Spontaneous contraction was observed in stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and human foetal cardiomyocytes. Pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes stained for markers of the cardiac contractile apparatus such as α-actinin, cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T. They also expressed functional voltage-activated sodium channels and exhibited action potential triggered calcium-induced calcium release. Stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes showed organisation of myofibrils, ultrastructure and calcium handling more similar to foetal than adult cardiomyocytes. Brugada Syndrome patient-specific cardiomyocytes were structurally indistinguishable from healthy control iPS cell line-derived cardiomyocytes. Electrophysiological analysis of sodium current density confirmed a ~50% reduction in patient-derived compared to healthy control-derived cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Although iPS cells give rise to a mixture of immature and more mature cardiomyocytes, they all express typical cardiac proteins and have functional cardiac sodium channels. Results illustrate the ability of patient-specific iPS cell technology to model the abnormal functional phenotype of an inherited channelopathy that is independent of structural abnormalities and that the relative immaturity of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes does not prevent their use as an accurate model system for channelopathies affecting the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5. This iPS cell based model system for classical Brugada Syndrome allows for the first time to study the mutation in its native environment and holds promise for further studies to investigate disease mechanisms of known and unknown mutations and to develop new therapies.

abstract: Security has been one of the top concerns in cloud community while cloud resource abuse and malicious insiders are considered as top threats. Traditionally, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) have been widely deployed to manipulate cloud security, with the latter one providing additional prevention capability. However, as one of the most creative networking technologies, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is rarely used to implement IDPS in the cloud computing environment because the lack of comprehensive development framework and processing flow. Simply migration from traditional IDS/IPS systems to SDN environment are not effective enough for detecting and defending malicious attacks. Hence, in this thesis, we present an IPS development framework to help user easily design and implement their defensive systems in cloud system by SDN technology. This framework enables SDN approaches to enhance the system security and performance. A Traffic Information Platform (TIP) is proposed as the cornerstone with several upper layer security modules such as Detection, Analysis and Prevention components. Benefiting from the flexible, compatible and programmable features of SDN, Customized Detection Engine, Network Topology Finder, Source Tracer and further user-developed security appliances are plugged in our framework to construct a SDN-based defensive system. Two main categories Python-based APIs are designed to support developers for further development. This system is designed and implemented based on the POX controller and Open vSwitch in the cloud computing environment. The efficiency of this framework is demonstrated by a sample IPS implementation and the performance of our framework is also evaluated. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2014