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The effects of X-irradiation at dosages of 40 r, 80 r, 160 r, 240 r, 320 r, 400 r, 800 r, 4 Kr, 8 Kr, and 16 Kr on the oxygen uptake of frog brain (Rana pipiens) tissue slices were studied. A membrane-covered oxygen electrode method was used to measure the respiratory rate. Continuous recordings were made before, during, and following X-irradiation in all of the test experiments. X-irradiation was delivered from a G. E. beryllium window X-ray unit at 120 KVP, 5 ma with a 1/4 mm Al filter.

Exactly where in the hypothalamus is the adrenal-pituitary response to X-irradiation "triggered" or initiated? Moreover, does ionizing radiation act directly on specific centers in the brain or does it act indirectly via the production of some humoral agents? Finally, what role does the hypothalamus play in the radiation-syndrome? The purpose of the present study was to attempt to answer these questions by determining the effects of two stressor agents, X-irradiation and electrical stimulation applied either singly or together, on the activity of the adrenal-pituitary axis. The parameters measured were changes in plasma corticosterone, in circulating eosinopihils, and in adrenal gland weight.

The effects of a lethal dose (1380 r) of X-irradiation on plasma and adrenal tissue histamine levels of rats were studied. The plasma histamine response was triphasic (increase at 1-3 hours, decrease at 5 and 9 hours and return to control at 24 hours post-irradiation). The adrenal tissue histamine response was found to be biphasic (decrease at 1 to 9 hours and a return to control level at 24 hours post-irradiation).

The purpose of this study, therefore, was threefold in nature: (1) to determine the effects of x-irradiation on the influx and efflux of potassium in compound nerve fibers (2) to attempt to relate the radiation-induced changes in electrical activity with potassium flux and (3) to use the information obtained to gain insight into the possible cellular site (s) of radiation insult to compound nerves.

Title: The Turkish Get-Up in terms of developmental kinesiology Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is the comparison of the Turkish Get-Up and the positions in developmental kinesiology, the finding of potential similaties or differences and the reasoning behind those. Methods: The thesis is theoretical in character. The introduction outlines the prob- lematics of this exercise, its opportunities and benefits within rehabilita- tion, strength training and diagnostics. The objective is to describe the ex- ercise in detail in terms of kinesiology and biomechanics, and to introduce the wider context relating to it. The first part of the thesis deals with the theoretical approach to the history of the use of the kettlebell in sport and the the history of the Turkish Get- Up (TGU) and its variations. Next are the descriptions of the principles of muscle irradiation and biomechanical breathing match. In any work relat- ing to this exercise and everyday practice it is important to take these prin- ciples into account. The conclusion of the first part deals with the diagnost- ical options of the TGU in terms of fysiotherapy and the possibilities of the use of TGU in power training. Reasearch processing of the issues was built mainly on the use of periodic- als availible in the Czech Republic and...

Aging-related decline in immunity is believed to be the main driver behind decreased vaccine efficacy and reduced resistance to infections in older adults. Unrepaired DNA damage is known to precipitate cellular senescence, which was hypothesized to be the underlying cause of certain age-related phenotypes. Consistent with this, some hallmarks of immune aging were more prevalent in individuals exposed to whole-body irradiation (WBI), which leaves no anatomical repository of undamaged hematopoietic cells. To decisively test whether and to what extent WBI in youth will leave a mark on the immune system as it ages, we exposed young male C57BL/ 6 mice to sublethal WBI (0.5-4 Gy), mimicking human survivor exposure during nuclear catastrophe. We followed lymphocyte homeostasis thorough the lifespan, response to vaccination, and ability to resist lethal viral challenge in the old age. None of the irradiated groups showed significant differences compared with mock-irradiated (0 Gy) animals for the parameters measured. Even the mice that received the highest dose of sublethal WBI in youth (4 Gy) exhibited equilibrated lymphocyte homeostasis, robust T-and B-cell responses to live attenuated West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine and full survival following vaccination upon lethal WNV challenge. Therefore, a single dose of nonlethal WBI in youth, resulting in widespread DNA damage and repopulation stress in hematopoietic cells, leaves no significant trace of increased immune aging in a lethal vaccine challenge model.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The general problem of alteration in viral susceptibility by the irradiation of monolayers of tissue cells in culture was examined in this study; specifically an increased susceptibility of HeLa (an established cell line which was derived from an epidermaid carcinoma of the cervix) to destruction by herpes simplex virus (the virus commonly associated with cold sores or fever blisters). The experimental procedures included the study of the radiosensitivity of the cell line, survival curve analyses expressed as the efficiency of plating, that is the per cent of viable cells capable of forming colonies visible to the unaided eye within twelve days, and finally infectivity studies. Tissue culture has proved to be a very useful tool in the study of radiation effects on tissues of higher animals since the effects of radiation can apparently be explained on the cellular level. Many types of cells have been studied but in all cases the most striking characteristic in irradiated populations is the increased cell size. Ionizing radiation effects both the reproductive and synthesizing capacity of cells with the former being the more sensitive. Some irradiated cells never divide while others divide several times before reproduction stops. After the cells stop dividing, they continue to grow in size forming giants because synthesis of the cellular constituents continues. Giant cells resulting from x-irradiation are more readily destroyed by the action of viruses than are non-irradiated cells. PUCK & MARCUS reported that NDV when plated on a mixture of giant and normal cells, destroyed more of the giants than normal cells. An enhancement of cell susceptibility following irradiation was also demonstrated for two enteroviruses by HSIUNG. The increased susceptibility of x-ray-induced giant cells to CPE of virus and the earlier release of virus by such cells was also demonstrated by LEVINE in studies with the Leon strain of type 3 polio. Many tissue culture-virus systems have been used to demonstrate alterations in susceptibility induced by x-irradiation, but few investigators have used a HeLa-HSV system to study this altered susceptibility using low levels of irradiation (50 roentgens to 500 roentgens) [TRUNCATED] / 2031-01-01

Xu, Yeming = 水熱法和熱蒸法製備硫化鋅納米结构的電子輻射損傷研究 / 徐業明. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-63). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Xu, Yeming = Shui re fa he re zheng fa zhi bei liu hua xin na mi jie gou de dian zi fu she sun shang yan jiu / Xu Yeming. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / Acknowledgment --- p.iii / List of Figures --- p.VII / Table of contents --- p.XI / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Background of electron beam irradiation --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Basic principles of electron beam irradiation --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Atomic displacement --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Electron beam sputtering --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Electron beam heating --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Radiolysis --- p.11 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Instrumentation --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1 --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Basic principles --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Chemical shifts in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2 --- The principle of the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) --- p.16 / Chapter 3. 3 --- Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) --- p.19 / Chapter 3. 3.1 --- Principle of the TEM --- p.19 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Electron specimen interaction in TEM --- p.21 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Electron Diffraction --- p.22 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Contrast --- p.22 / Chapter 3.4 --- Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy --- p.23 / Chapter 3.5 --- Elemental mapping using Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer (EELS) --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Structure Degradation of ZnS Nanomaterials Synthesized via Hydrothermal Method --- p.26 / Chapter 4.1 --- Experimental --- p.26 / Chapter 4.2 --- Structure degradation of ZnS nanotubes synthesized via hydrothermal method --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Chemical and structural characterization of the as-synthesized nanotubes --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Crystallinity and structural degradation of the nanosheet under the electron beam irradiation --- p.29 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Nanotube structure degradation with different experimental parameters --- p.33 / Chapter 4.3 --- Structure degradation of ZnS nanosheets synthesized via hydrothermal method --- p.34 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Chemical and morphological characteristics of the ZnS nanosheets --- p.34 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Crystallinity and structural degradation of the nanosheet under the electron beam irradiation --- p.37 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Nanosheet structure degradation with different experimental parameters --- p.41 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Discussion on the damage mechanisms --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Structure Degradation of ZnS Nanobelts Synthesized via thermal evaporation Method --- p.48 / Chapter 5.1 --- Experimental --- p.48 / Chapter 5.2 --- Chemical and morphological characteristics of the ZnS nanobelts --- p.49 / Chapter 5.3 --- Crystallinity and structural degradation of the nanobelt under the electron beam irradiation --- p.50 / Chapter 5.4 --- Nanobelt structure degradation with different experimental parameters --- p.55 / Chapter 5.5 --- Discussion on the damage mechanisms --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.59 / References --- p.61