none

Šiame darbe nagrinėjama vyriausybės vykdomos fiskalinės politikos įtaką visuminei paklausai Lietuvoje. Darbe yra apžvelgiama vyriausybės vartojimo išlaidų bei visuminės paklausos komponentų pokyčiai nuo 1995 iki 2007 metų. Teorinėje dalyje aptariamos pagrindinės Keinsistinės teorijos, kurios nagrinėja fiskalinės politikos įtaką visuminei paklausai, naudojant IS-LM ir AD-AS modelius. Taip pat teorinėje dalyje yra parodoma biudžeto deficito mažinimo įtaka ekonomikai. Darbe atliekama regresinė analizė, kuri įrodo, kad egzistuoja statistiškai reišmingas ryšys tarp visuminės paklausos ir valdžios sektoriaus vartojimo išlaidų. Pabaigoje pateikiamos rekomendacijos, kaip sustiprinti biudžeto išlaidų poveikį visuminei paklausai. / In this thesis the relationship between fiscal policy and aggregate demand in Lithuania is investigated. The first part of the work shows changes of government consumption expenditure and components of aggregate demand in period 1995 - 2007. The theoretical part analyses the main Keynesian ideas which research relationship between aggregate demand and fiscal policy, using IS-LM and AD-AS models. Also theoretical part shows how the reduction of budged deficit influences interest rates, aggregate demand, prices. In the last part aggregate demand is regressed against government consumption expenditure, interest rates, inflation and income. Results suggest that there are statistically significant relationship between aggregate demand and government consumption expenditure. Finally some recommendations are made in the end of the work.

The aim of this thesis is to examine whether repo rates have any impact on private consumption in Sweden. After the financial crisis in 2008, the repo rates in some periods become negative. Whether negative repo rates have impact on private consumption is an additional analysis in the thesis. In the theoretical framework the IS-LM model and some explicit hypothesis are derived. In the empirical part, data for repo rate, income, inflation and saving in Sweden are collected from 1995 to 2019 with a time unit of quarterly data. With the collected data one multiple linear regression is estimated and one additional test where the same model is modified with a dummy variable that isolates the periods with negative repo rates. In line with the theoretical prediction, the first multiple linear regression result exhibits that the repo rate has statistically significant negative impact on private consumption. The second multiple linear regression with the dummy variable shows that the impact of negative repo rates is not different from positive repo rate. Limitations and shortcomings are discussed in the section limitations and weaknesses.

This paper deals with the integration of Walras' law into Keynesian macroeconomics and the attempts at a consistent specification of period models (beginning- vs. end-of-period-equilibrium). Three examples are examined where neglect of a consistent specification led to erroneous results: (1) the identification of the IS-condition with equilibrium of the "flow market" for bonds, (2) superficial treatments of the liquidity trap, and (3) the assumptions on the stochastic structure of monetary and real shocks in determining the optimal monetary instrument. (author's abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

In Hicks’s IS-LM model, where it is assumed that production is determined in the goods marketand the interest rate is determined in the money market, when the marginal propensity to spend is greater than one, the IS has a positive slope. Modigliani (1944), Varian (1977) and Sargent (1987) determined that in this special case the IS-LM model is stable when the LM slope isgreater than the IS.In line with Samuelson (1941), this article shows that in this case the model is stable when the IS slope is greater than the LM slope. However, in this stable case the model does not have a useful economic meaning.One solution to this theoretical problem is to abandon the Keynesian adjustment mechanism and replace it with the Classical mechanism where the interest rate is determined in the goods market and production is determined in the money market. In this case, the IS-LM model is stable when the LM is steeper than the IS. / En el modelo IS-LM de Hicks, en el que se asume que la producción se determina en el mercado de bienes y la tasa de interés en el mercado de dinero, cuando la propensión marginal a gastar es mayor que uno, la IS tiene pendiente positiva. Modigliani (1944), Varian (1977) y Sargent (1987), determinaron que en este caso especial el modelo IS-LM es estable cuando la pendiente de la LM es mayor que la de la IS.En línea con Samuelson (1941), este artículo muestra que en este caso especial el modelo es estable cuando la pendiente de la IS es mayor que la de la LM. Sin embargo, en este caso estable, el modelo no tiene un significado económico útil.Una solución a este problema teórico es abandonar el mecanismo de ajuste keynesiano y reemplazarlo por el mecanismo clásico, donde la tasa de interés se determina en el mercado de bienes y la producción en el mercado de dinero. En este caso el modelo IS-LM es estable cuando la LM es más empinada que la IS.