In connection with major technological developments and the constant expansion of the Internet, dissemination of information has never been easier. This possibility to reach a global audience with the push of a button has led to the proliferation of pirated works such as music and films becoming an increasing problem. Through several directives, the European Commission has sought to harmonize the principles of civil and criminal law that are intended to prevent and deter illegal file sharing on the Internet. In Sweden, many private individuals administrating websites that encouraged, and make available illegal file sharing have been fined in all instances of the Courts and sentenced to pay large fines and sometimes face imprisonment. In connection with these convictions, the role of the internet providers has been questioned. This essay intends to reflect on, and sort out, certain issues regarding internet providers' participation responsibility in the crime of illegal file sharing over the internet. By analyzing the various directives and laws that form the basics prerequisites to be held liable, this text will reflect on the legal, financial and to some extent political problems that arise with liability by participation for Internet service providers.