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This paper on the insects of the genus Trogus (family Ichneumonidae ) found in America, north of Mexico is the result of work done at the Massachusetts Agricultural College under the guidance of Dr. H. T. Fernald and forms a portion of a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. I have attempted to bring together and systematize the works previously published and have added the descriptions of four new species.

A species-level revision and a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Physotarsus Townes are performed. Physotarsus is expanded to include 17 new species: P. albus sp. nov., P. claviger sp. nov., P. concavus sp. nov., P. cordatus sp. nov., P. emarginatus sp. nov., P. flavipennis sp. nov., P. foveatus sp. nov., P. gineus sp. nov., P. glabellus sp. nov., P. laucos sp. nov., P. luteus sp. nov., P. melipennis sp. nov., P. melotarsus sp. nov., P. niveus sp. nov., P. oculatus sp. nov., P. tonicus sp. nov., and P. truncatus sp. nov. Physotarsus fabioi Gauld is removed from Physotarsus and the Scolobatini, and placed in Pionini (Ctenopelmatinae). A phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Scolobatini yields two monophyletic groups of genera, reclassified as Scolobatini and Westwoodiini. Scolobatini includes the genera Catucaba, Onarion, Physotarsus and Scolobates, and Westwoodiini includes genera Dictyopheltes, Hypopheltes, Pergaphaga and Westwoodia. The genus Tasmabates, previously included in the Scolobatini, is excluded from both the Scolobatini and the Westwoodiini, its current placement unclear.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1957. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-197).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 18 (1958) no. 6, p. 2272. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 366-373).

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3255493 bytes, checksum: e4ccfc1992b603193191f051cce2e358 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The male reproductive system of the Lymeon dieloceri and Myschocyttarus atramentarius parasitoids is formed by a pair of testes with one folicles each, a pair of accessory glands, a pair of vasa deferentia and one ejaculatory duct. The vasa deferentia are thin, long, without characteristic dilatation of the seminal vesicle, and they get in the base of the testicular lobule. The accessory glands open in the vas deferens and, in Lymeon dieloceri they are oval shape and in M. atramentarius parasitoid, they are spherical. In both Ichneumonidae the spermatozoa are similar to those ones described for other Hymenoptera, with : (1) the acrosome formed by the acrosomal vesicle covering the perforatorium, which has its base inserted in a gap located in the nucleus point; (2) thin and long nucleus with a electron-dense chromatin; (3) an electron-dense centriole adjunct located between the nucleus and one of the two mitochondrial derivatives; (4) axoneme with 9+9+2 microtubes arrangement; (5) two long mitochondrial derivatives with peripheral cristae and; (6) two accessory bodies located between the two mitochondrial derivatives and the axoneme. They also present structural characteristics only common to the parasitic wasps, as a layer of extracellular material involving the acrosome and one region of the nucleus and the axoneme accessory microtubes ending before the other ones. However, the male reproductive system and the sperm presented morphologic characteristics that allowed differentiating themselves, as the form of the accessory glands and the mitochondrial derivatives. In L. dieloceri, the glands have an oval shape and the mitochondrial derivatives are symmetrical, no longer, in the M. atramentarius parasitoid, the glands have a spherical shape and asymmetrical derivatives. Therefore, this work shows that, in Hymenoptera, the male reproductive system and the spermatozoa supply morphologic characters that can be used in phylogenetic analyses in different taxonomic levels. / O sistema reprodutor masculino de Lymeon dieloceri, parasitóide do Symphyta Digelasinus diversipes e do parasitóide do Vespidae Myschocyttarus atramentarius é formado por um par de testículos com um folículo cada, um par de glândulas acessórias, um par de ductos deferentes e um ducto ejaculatório. Os ductos deferentes são finos, longos, sem dilatação característica de vesícula seminal, e se enovelam na base do folículo testicular. As glândulas acessórias desembocam nos ductos deferentes e, em Lymeon dieloceri elas são ovaladas e no parasitóide de M. atramentarius, esférica. Os espermatozóides desses dois Ichneumonidae são semelhantes àqueles descritos para os demais Hymenoptera, apresentando: (1) o acrossomo formado pela vesícula acrossômica revestindo o perforatorium, o qual tem sua base inserida em uma cavidade na ponta do núcleo; (2) núcleo fino, longo e de cromatina eletrondensa; (3) um adjunto do centríolo eletrondenso e localizado entre o núcleo e um dos dois derivados mitocondriais; (4) axonema com arranjo 9 + 9 + 2 microtúbulos; (5) dois derivados mitocondriais longos com cristas periféricas e; (6) dois corpos acessórios localizados entre os dois derivados mitocondriais e o axonema. Os espermatozóides também apresentam características estruturais comuns apenas às vespas parasíticas, como uma camada de material extracelular envolvendo o acrossomo e parte do núcleo e os microtúbulos acessórios do axonema terminado antes dos demais. Entretanto, tanto o sistema reprodutor como os espermatozóides apresentaram características morfológicas que permitiram diferenciá-las entre si, como a forma das glândulas acessórias e dos derivados mitocondriais. Onde em L. dieloceri as glândulas são ovaladas e os derivados mitocondriais são simétricos, já no parasitóide de M. atramentarius as glândulas são esféricas e os derivados assimétricos. Portanto, esse trabalho confirma que, em Hymenoptera, tanto o sistema reprodutor masculino como os espermatozóides fornecem caracteres morfológicos que podem ser usados em análises filogenéticas em diferentes níveis taxonômicos.

The Hymenoptera family Ichneumonidae is yet to be fully known and understood, we still expect that there are new species to be discovered in this family. Cylloceria, a genus within Ichneumonidae, is a genus with a lot of species names both synonymous and currently in use. How sure can we be that those species actually are different enough to be considered true species? In this study a part of the determined collection at the NHM in London was examined morphologically with focus on four known species (C. borealis (Roman, 1925), C.caligata (Gravenhorst, 1829), C. melancholica (Gravenhorst, 1820) and C.sylvestris (Gravenhorst 1829)) and one assumed to be a new species, to see if specimens of the five focus species are most similar within the species or if they are closer to specimens determined to other species. The other species present at the NHM of London (C. alvaradoi (Gauld 1991), C. arizonica (Dasch 1992), C. aquilonia (Dasch 1992), C. barbouraki (Gauld 1991), C. imperspicua (Rossem 1987), C. impolita (Dasch 1992), C. striatula (Dasch 1992), C. trishae (Gauld 1991) and C. ugaldevi (Gauld 1991)) were used as outgroups which made it possible to see if the five species keeps together in their species. In total 31 specimens of 15 species were examined using morphological characters. The data of collection sites and collection times of the specimens investigated morphologically enabled me to conclude approximately when and where both the five focus species and the genus Cylloceria are flying during the year. The five focus species flies from around May to September where only the species C. melancholica might have two generations. Cylloceria as a whole were found to have one generation from in April to July and one second flight period in November to January in South Mexico and Costa Rica, specimens collected north of there had only one generation in May to September. A cluster analysis was made based on eight of the morphological characters, the ones that were categorical excluding the ambiguous and constant characters. None of the five focus species formed species unique clusters but grouped with specimens from other speciesin the tree, although C. borealis was much more separated according to species than the rest. The result of the morphological analysis shows that there are much more to be done to get a clear definition of the five focus species including whether or not the possibly new species actually is a new species. I would believe that a future study with a genetic analysis in combination with morphological characters to know definitely which specimens that belongs to the same species, followed by a study of type specimens so that the found species gets the correct species name could make the uncertainties in the genera (Cylloceria) almost disappear. If the morphological characters analysed are later used to find out which characters that should be used in future morphological species determination then all current questions regarding the genus taxonomy will be solved.