Submitted by PPG Filosofia (filosofia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-02-14T20:02:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Anna Paula Bagetti Zeifert.pdf: 1019814 bytes, checksum: f6e1bd5d69c2600dbb6641bd7be8750a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-02-16T11:53:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Anna Paula Bagetti Zeifert.pdf: 1019814 bytes, checksum: f6e1bd5d69c2600dbb6641bd7be8750a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T11:58:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Anna Paula Bagetti Zeifert.pdf: 1019814 bytes, checksum: f6e1bd5d69c2600dbb6641bd7be8750a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-22 / In this thesis we analyze the elements that involve the theory of social justice in Rawls, covering the three main works of the author - Theory of Justice, Political Liberalism and The Law of Peoples - with the aim of identifying, from the beginning, a social ideal social ideal), with a view to a full conception of justice. As a basis for the development of the research, the fundamental elements - basic structure and just social institutions, principles of justice and the idea of cooperation - that guide the conception of justice in Rawls, first for national societies and later in defense of a Peoples' Society. We have shown that throughout Rawlsian theory, implicitly or explicitly, both in national societies and in the Peoples' Society, a social ideal has always been present as a project for a full conception of justice. However, we note that The Law of Peoples's proposed social justice system faced even greater challenges because of pluralism and the need to architect a parallel process of justice (national and international). In the thesis, we argue that the social ideal that permeated the discussions at the national level was extended to the Peoples' Society as a way of promoting justice among peoples and bringing together societies that are in an unfavorable (burdened) situation. The Duty of Assistance, a principle built to govern relations between peoples, is the new element introduced by Rawls to guarantee and make feasible his social ideal within the framework of international society. We consider that this social ideal is anchored in the notion of basic structure and in the benefit of social cooperation, fundamental ideas of Rawlsian thought since A Theory. We argue that the idea of assistance among peoples does not pretend to be a global distributive justice project based on the principle of difference for national societies, but that the Duty of Assistance is the expression of the Rawlsian social ideal, now extended to Society of Peoples. / Na presente tese analisamos os elementos que envolvem a teoria da justi?a social em Rawls, perpassando as tr?s principais obras do autor - A Theory of Justice, Political Liberalism e The Law of Peoples ? com intuito de identificarmos, desde o princ?pio, um ideal social (social ideal), com vistas a uma concep??o plena de justi?a. Tomamos como base, para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, os elementos fundamentais ? estrutura b?sica e institui??es sociais justas, princ?pios de justi?a e a ideia de coopera??o - que orientam a concep??o de justi?a em Rawls, primeiramente para as sociedades nacionais e, posteriormente, na defesa de uma Sociedade dos Povos. Demonstramos que ao longo da teoria rawlsiana, impl?cita ou explicitamente, tanto nas sociedades nacionais quanto na Sociedade dos Povos, sempre esteve presente um ideal social enquanto projeto para uma concep??o plena de justi?a. Todavia, constatamos que o The Law of Peoples o projeto de justi?a social proposto por Rawls enfrentou desafios ainda maiores devido ao fato do pluralismo e a necessidade de arquitetar um processo paralelo de justi?a (nacional e internacional). Na tese defendemos que o ideal social que permeou as discuss?es na esfera nacional foi estendido para a Sociedade dos Povos como forma de promover a justi?a entre os povos e aproximar sociedades que se encontram em situa??o desfavor?vel (oneradas). O Dever de Assist?ncia, princ?pio constru?do para reger as rela??es entre os povos, ? o elemento novo introduzido por Rawls para garantir e viabilizar o seu ideal social no ?mbito da sociedade internacional. Consideramos que esse ideal social est? ancorado na no??o de estrutura b?sica e no benef?cio da coopera??o social, ideias fundamentais do pensamento rawlsiano desde A Theory. Sustentamos como tese, que a ideia de assist?ncia entre os povos n?o tem como pretens?o um projeto de justi?a distributiva global nos moldes do princ?pio da diferen?a para as sociedades nacionais, mas que o Dever de Assist?ncia ? a express?o do ideal social rawlsiano, agora estendido a Sociedade dos Povos.

In this thesis, I provide and argue for the Minimalist Declaration View on Art. In short, this institutional understanding of art is that something is art if, and only if, it has been declared art. I argue this by showing first, the strengths and weaknesses of the best available institutional account of art, that is Cathrine Abell’s. I then provide an alternative minimalistic view that keeps Abell’s fruitful use of a Searlean framework and combines it with the recent non-ideal critique directed toward Searle. This novel approach avoids Abell’s problems arising from her pluralist view on art institutions while it, unlike previous institutional accounts, can account for solitary artists. After answering three possible objections concerning the view's empty concept of art, possession of authority, and the value of art, I conclude this view is both a plausible and the preferable institutional account of art.

Research question: To examine what aspects affect some consumers to avoid e-bikes and others to desire them. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to see if e-bikes have a symbolic value. We aim to see if e-bikes is associated as an environmentally friendly product. We will examine stereotypes and brand avoidance. Further we will see what attributes consumers associate with typical users of e-bikes. Theory: To test our research question we chose our main theory of the matching process between self-image and typical user. Prior studies on e-bikes in areas as typical users and environment were analyzed. Previous studies on e-bikes were analyzed in areas such as environment and typical users. Methodology: A survey was made on two groups who are underrepresented in sales of ebikes. Students aged 21-30 and cycling enthusiasts. Results and conclusions: • We found that e-bikes have symbolic value. • Many respondents perceive e-bike users as environmentally friendly, comfortable and lazy. • E-bikes being perceived as environmentally friendly can be a pre-purchase indicator for students, but not for cycling enthusiasts • Different groups of students have conflicting user imagery, one group describe e-bikers as lazy, and another group describe e-bike users as healthy • The stereotype that e-bike users are old is not very frequent • Viewing e-bike users as lazy influences impacts the perceived value and are likely to lead to brand avoidance