This thesis examines the history of collaborations between poets and photographers in the Anglophone world, from 1845 to 2015, and argues for a new form of art distinct from the photobook. It identifies a new body of work, ‘photopoetry', and develops this discovery into a critical exegesis of its forms and potentials. Proceeding chronologically, this thesis explores photopoetic history from its nineteenth-century roots to modern-day collaborations between renowned poets and photographers. Chapter I examines early experiments in photopoetic form, including scrapbooks and stereographs, and identifies two thematic trends characterising photopoetic history to the present day: the picturesque and the theatrical. The second chapter focuses on the identity politics of photopoetic books in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, exploring how the relationship between poem and photograph can both perpetuate and subvert representations of the objectified other, from British India to the American South. Chapter III theorises Imagism from a photographic perspective, examining how, in the absence of any discernibly modernist photopoetry book, the most important dialogue between poem and photograph was enacted within Imagist verse. It proceeds to examine the introduction of urban environments into early-to-mid-twentieth-century photopoetry. Chapter IV analyses the reinterpretation of photopoetic topography in mid-to-late-twentieth-century collaborations, exploring how picturesque landscapes in nineteenth-century photopoetry were reinvented as immersive environments that echoed the rise of photopoetic co-authorship and the development of more symbiotic, less literal photopoetic relationships. The fifth chapter expands upon ideas analysed in Chapter IV, arguing how, in narrowing both poetic and photographic focus to objects rather than picturesque vistas, twenty-first-century photopoetry encourages a non-linear approach to reading and viewing, abandoning the ‘journey' paradigm of earlier photopoetry. Overall, this thesis represents the first book-length history of photopoetry, and expounds both a new area of analysis for scholars of text and image, and a new critical discourse for such analyses.

Fernand Léger a vilipendé la peinture "littéraire" et "narrative", mais n'a jamais cessé de côtoyer la poésie. En cela, il s'inscrit dans une tradition qui, depuis Manet, a affirmé l'autonomie de l'art par rapport à une culture reçue pour développer une attention extrême aux manifestations de la vie qui lui est contemporaine. C'est sur cette base, dans la séparation nette de l'art avec la culture bourgeoise, que s'est épanoui le rapprochement des peintres et des poètes depuis cette époque. Mais la "vie moderne" dont parle Léger est différente de celle à laquelle sont confrontés les artistes du XIXe siècle. Guerre, chaîne de montage et métropoles industrielles sont la toile de fond de sa collaboration avec Blaise Cendrars, de son interprétation des Illuminations de Rimbaud, ou encore de la création de son propre livre illustré, Cirque, que la thèse propose d'analyser. / Fernand Léger has long reviled "literary" and "narrative" painting, but never has ceased to cross words with poetry. In that regard he falls within a tradition in which, since Manet, the autonomy of art has been clearly asserted in relation to the imposed hierarchy and values of bourgeois culture, so that it can wholly focus on the manifestations of life of its time. It is on that basis, in the clear split separating art and bourgeois culture, that the bond between poets and painters has flourished since then. But what Fernand léger refers to as "modern life" has nothing to do with what the 19th century artists were exposed to. War, assembly lines and industrial metropolis compose the background of his collaboration with Blaise Cendrars, his rendering of Rimbaud's Illuminations or the making of his own illustrated book, Cirque, that this thesis proposes to study.