The purpose of this study was to develop an experimental technique to objectively measure the deviation between an individual's perception of his body image and his actual image. In addition, this technique was utilized to compare the accuracy of perception of body image between institutionalized and non-institutionalized individuals. Half of each subject category was also compared in terms of performance on an additional perceptual task unrelated to body image.

In this research, multi-perspective image registration using LiDAR and visual images was considered. 2D-3D image registration is a difficult task because it requires the extraction of different semantic features from each modality. This problem is solved in three parts. The first step involves detection and extraction of common features from each of the data sets. The second step consists of associating the common features between two different modalities. Traditional methods use lines or orthogonal corners as common features. The third step consists of building the projection matrix. Many existing methods use global positing system (GPS) or inertial navigation system (INS) for an initial estimate of the camera pose. However, the approach discussed herein does not use GPS, INS, or any such devices for initial estimate; hence the model can be used in places like the lunar surface or Mars where GPS or INS are not available. A variation of the method is also described, which does not require strong features from both images but rather uses intensity gradients in the image. This can be useful when one image does not have strong features (such as lines) or there are too many extraneous features.

Abstract SIMULATION, MEASUREMENT AND IMAGE ANALYSIS OF CORROSION INITIATION AND GROWTH RATE OF ALUMIUM 2024 AND STEEL 304 By Yan Fang, MS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M.S. of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Major Director: Dr. Brian Hinderliter, Ph. D Associate professor, Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Time: 11 a.m. Place: Room E3210 Engineering East Hall Date: Friday August 12, 2011 Corrosion initiation and growth rate are important properties in maintaining structural integrity, especially for surface and pit corrosion of common infrastructure and transportation metals. In this study, the surface corrosion pit initiation and growth rate on Aluminum 2024(common aerospace alloy) and Steel 304(common alloy for infrastructure) in different pH solutions was measured and values were analyzed by image analysis over a scheduled time. A MATLAB algorithm was developed for detecting the initiation and growth rate of pits as a function of time. The developed algorithm was validated with simulated specimen as well as experiments conducted corrosion specimen. Based on the result of obtained, the MATLAB algorithm predicts the right trends and power law radial corrosion pit growth rates and should be useful for corrosion initiation and growth predictions in various metals.

This thesis deals with the development of a microprocessor controlled CCD based camera for digital imaging of the nightglow. A brief description of the techniques used to image the nightglow is given and the reasons for choosing a CCD as the detector are discussed. The fundamentals of CCD operation are then described with particular emphasis on buried channel CCD image sensors as the P8603 CCD used in the camera is of this type. A major part of the thesis is devoted to the detailed design of the camera electronics which consists of three main sections; (i) a MC6802 based microprocessor controller with 4 K of ROM and 64 K of dynamic RAM; (ii) a display interface which allows an on-line display of the images to be produced on an oscilloscope for monitoring purposes while observing; and (iii) the CCD interface which consists of the drive pulse buffers for the image, store and readout sections of the CCD, the bias voltage generators for the CCD on-chip charge amplifier, and the signal processing electronics which has a choice of four software selectable gains and uses correlated double sampling to achieve low noise levels. The design of a digital cassette system for recording the image data is also described. The system, which is based on a low cost stereo cassette recorder, accepts and produces data in the same RS232 serial format used by the camera and is capable of operating at up to 9600 baud on two channels. A further section deals with the optical, structural and cryogenic design. This includes a description of the camera optical system which is based on a commercial FI.4 CCTV lens, theoretical calculations of the expected response of the camera to a range of nightglow emissions, the design of the liquid nitrogen cryostat which is used to cool the CCD, the design of the camera chassis, and calculations to determine (i) the CCD temperature required to reduce the dark current to an acceptable level; and (ii) the capacity of the liquid nitrogen reservoir which is necessary to allow a whole night's observing without refilling. The detailed operation of the camera control program, which is written in 6800 assembly language, is then described with the aid of flowcharts. Currently the control program is set up to give a one minute integration period using half-frame imaging and a 3 x 2 pixel amalgamation. The final section of the thesis deals with the testing and performance of the camera. Several experiments were carried out including the measurement of the various possible ampilifier gains, the noise performance of the system, the angular response of the camera optics, and the calibration of the camera using a standard light to allow the absolute intensity of nightglow emissions to be calculated. Theoretical calculations of the expected noise levels and the expected response of the camera to the standard light are also included. A suite of image processing programs, written in Pascal for an Apple II microcomputer, are then described. These programs allow various operations to be performed such as scanning the images stored on tape, and correcting for the defective columns on the CCD and the angular response of the camera optics. Lastly, the performance of the camera in the field is discussed and the results of observations made locally, which include photographs of images believed to show hydroxyl airglow structure, are presented.

Zebrafish swimming behavior is used in a new, automated drug assay system as a biomarker to measure drug efficiency to prevent or restore hearing loss. This system records video of zebrafish larvae under infrared lighting using Raspberry Pi cameras and measures fish swimming behavior. This automated system significantly reduces the operator time required to process experiments in parallel. Multiple tanks, each consisting of sixteen experiments are operated in parallel. Once a set of experiments starts, all data transfer and processing operations are automatic. A web interface allows the operator to configure, monitor and control the experiments and review reports. Ethernet connects the various hardware components, allowing loose coupling of the distributed software used to schedule and run the experiments. The operator can configure the data processing to be done on the local computer or offloaded to a high-performance computer cluster to achieve even higher throughput. Computationally efficient image processing algorithms provided automated zebrafish detection and motion analysis. Quantitative assessment of error in the position and orientation of the detected fish uses manual data analysis by human observers as the reference. The system error in orientation and position is comparable to human inter-operator error.

Determining the intrinsic dimension of a hyperspectral image is an important step in the spectral unmixing process, since under- or over- estimation of this number may lead to incorrect unmixing for unsupervised methods. In this thesis we introduce a new method for determining the intrinsic dimension, using recent advances in Random Matrix Theory (RMT). This method is not sensitive to non-i.i.d. and correlated noise, and it is entirely unsupervised and free from any user-determined parameters. The new RMT method is mathematically derived, and robustness tests are run on synthetic data to determine how the results are a ected by: image size; noise levels; noise variability; noise approximation; spectral characteristics of the endmembers, etc. Success rates are determined for many di erent synthetic images, and the method is compared to two principal state of the art methods, Noise Subspace Projection (NSP) and HySime. All three methods are then tested on twelve real hyperspectral images, including images acquired by satellite, airborne and land-based sensors. When images that were acquired by di erent sensors over the same spatial area are evaluated, RMT gives consistent results, showing the robustness of this method to sensor characterisics.

University of Macau / Faculty of Science and Technology. / Department of Computer and Information Science

by Ringo Wai-kit Lam. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / ABSTRACT / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.i / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1-1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1-1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Transform Coding Theory --- p.1-2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Image Transform Coder and Decoder --- p.1-2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Transformation --- p.1-4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Bit Allocation --- p.1-5 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Quantization --- p.1-7 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Entropy Coding --- p.1-8 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Error of Transform Coding --- p.1-9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of The Thesis --- p.1-10 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- 2D INTEGER COSINE TRANSFORM CHIP SET --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Integer Cosine Transform (ICT) --- p.2-2 / Chapter 2.3 --- LSI Implementation --- p.2-4 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- ICT Chip --- p.2-4 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Data Sequencer --- p.2-7 / Chapter 2.4 --- Design Considerations --- p.2-8 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- ICT chip --- p.2-9 / Chapter 2.4.1.1 --- Specifications --- p.2-9 / Chapter 2.4.1.2 --- I/O Bit Length Consideration --- p.2-10 / Chapter 2.4.1.3 --- Selection of The Transform Matrix --- p.2-12 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Data Sequencer --- p.2-16 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Normal Operation --- p.2-16 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Low-pass Filtering Operation --- p.2-16 / Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- Subsampling Operation --- p.2-17 / Chapter 2.5 --- Architecture --- p.2-18 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- ICT chip --- p.2-18 / Chapter 2.5.1.1 --- Input Stage --- p.2-18 / Chapter 2.5.1.2 --- Control Block --- p.2-19 / Chapter 2.5.1.3 --- Multiplier --- p.2-19 / Chapter 2.5.1.4 --- Accumulator --- p.2-20 / Chapter 2.5.1.5 --- Output Stage --- p.2-21 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Data Sequencer --- p.2-21 / Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Input Stage --- p.2-22 / Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- Control Logic --- p.2-22 / Chapter 2.5.2.3 --- Internal Storage --- p.2-23 / Chapter 2.5.2.4 --- Output Stage --- p.2-24 / Chapter 2.6 --- 2D Integer Cosine Transform System --- p.2-24 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Hardware Architecture --- p.2-24 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Timing --- p.2-26 / Chapter 2.7 --- Conclusion --- p.2-27 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- A PC/AT-BASED IMAGE ARCHIVING SYSTEM --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.2 --- Design Consideration --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Specifications --- p.3-2 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Operations Supported --- p.3-2 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Image Formats --- p.3-3 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Software --- p.3-6 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Storage Format of the Coded Image --- p.3-6 / Chapter 3.3 --- Hardware Architecture --- p.3-8 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Input Stage --- p.3-11 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Inverse Transform Address Generator --- p.3-11 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Input Memory --- p.3-13 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Address Map --- p.3-14 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Bit Map --- p.3-14 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Class Map --- p.3-15 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- ICT Processor --- p.3-15 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Output Memory --- p.3-16 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Address Generator --- p.3-16 / Chapter 3.3.6.1 --- Address Generator 1 (AG1) --- p.3-17 / Chapter 3.3.6.2 --- Address Generator 2 (AG2) --- p.3-21 / Chapter 3.3.6.3 --- Address Generator 3 (AG3) --- p.3-22 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Control Register --- p.3-22 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Interface Consideration --- p.3-23 / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Frame Buffer --- p.3-23 / Chapter 3.4 --- Software Structure --- p.3-23 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Main Menu --- p.3-24 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Forward Transform --- p.3-25 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Inverse Transform --- p.3-25 / Chapter 3.4.3.1 --- Normal --- p.3-26 / Chapter 3.4.3.2 --- Subsampling --- p.3-26 / Chapter 3.4.3.3 --- Filtering --- p.3-26 / Chapter 3.4.3.4 --- Album --- p.3-27 / Chapter 3.4.3.5 --- Display and System --- p.3-28 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.3-29 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- SYSTEM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.2 --- Result of Image Display --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.3 --- Computation Time Requirement --- p.4-12 / Chapter 4.4 --- Comparison to Other Transform Chips and Image Transform Systems --- p.4-16 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.4-20 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONCLUSION --- p.5-1 / Chapter 5.1 --- Further Development --- p.5-1 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Employment of JPEG Scheme --- p.5-1 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- ICT Chip Set --- p.5-5 / Chapter 5.2 --- Summary of the Image Archiving System --- p.5-6 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- REFERENCES --- p.6-1 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- APPENDIX --- p.7-1

by Chun-tat See. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / NOTATIONS --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1-1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1-1 / Chapter 1.2 --- A Basic Transform Coding System --- p.1-2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Organization --- p.1-5 / Chapter 2. --- DYADIC MATRICES AND THEIR APPLICATION --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.2 --- Theory of Dyadic Matrix --- p.2-2 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Basic Definitions --- p.2-3 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Maximum Size of Dyadic Matrix --- p.2-8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Application of Dyadic Matrix in Generating Orthogonal Transforms --- p.2-13 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Transform Performance Criteria --- p.2-14 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- "[T1] = [P]Diag([DM2(4)],[A(4)])[Q]" --- p.2-19 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- "[T2] = [P]Diag([DM2(4)],[DM2(4)])[Q]" --- p.2-21 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.2-26 / Chapter 3. --- LOW SEQUENCY COEFFICIENT TRUNCATION (LSCT) CODING SCHEME --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.2 --- DC Coefficient Estimation Schemes --- p.3-2 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Element Estimation --- p.3-2 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Row Estimation --- p.3-4 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Plane Estimation --- p.3-7 / Chapter 3.3 --- LSCT Coding Scheme 1 and Results --- p.3-11 / Chapter 3.4 --- LSCT Coding Scheme 2 and Results --- p.3-17 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussions and Conclusions --- p.3-21 / Chapter 4. --- VARIABLE BLOCK SIZE (VBS) CODING SCHEME --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.2 --- Chen's VBS Coding Scheme and Its Limitation --- p.4-3 / Chapter 4.3 --- VBS Coding Scheme With Block Size Determined Using Edge Discriminator --- p.4-6 / Chapter 4.4 --- Simulation Results --- p.4-8 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussions and Conclusions --- p.4-12 / Chapter 5. --- ENHANCEMENT OF JPEG INTERNATIONAL STANDARD --- p.5-1 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.5-1 / Chapter 5.2 --- The Basic JPEG International Standard --- p.5-2 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Level Shift and Discrete Cosine Transform --- p.5-4 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Uniform Quantization --- p.5-5 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Coefficient Coding --- p.5-7 / Chapter 5.3 --- Efficient DC Coefficients Encoding --- p.5-8 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- The Minimum Edge Difference (MED) Predictor --- p.5-8 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Simulation Results --- p.5-9 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Pixel Domain Predictors --- p.5-13 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.5-15 / Chapter 5.4 --- JPEG Scheme Using Variable Block Size Technique --- p.5-15 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Scheme 1 --- p.5-16 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Scheme 2 --- p.5-25 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Scheme 3 --- p.5-27 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Scheme 4 --- p.5-29 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- Scheme 5 --- p.5-32 / Chapter 5.4.6 --- Discussions and Conclusions --- p.5-32 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusions --- p.5-33 / Chapter 6. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of Research Work --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.2 --- Contributions of Work --- p.6-2 / Chapter 6.3 --- Suggestions for Further Research --- p.6-3 / Chapter 7. --- REFERENCES --- p.7-1 / RESULTS

by Francis Fuk-sing Wu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves [90]-[94] / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / NOTATIONS --- p.x / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1-1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Properties of Orthonormal Transforms --- p.1-4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Some Considerations of a Transform System --- p.1-5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Motivation of Work --- p.1-7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.1-9 / Chapter 2 --- COVARIANCE ESTIMATION SCHEMES AND PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE KLT'S / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.2 --- Statistics of an Image --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.3 --- Mathematical Covariance Functions --- p.2-3 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- One-Dimensional : First-Order Markov Model --- p.2-3 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Two-Dimensional : Separable and Non-Separable Isotropic Models --- p.2-3 / Chapter 2.4 --- Goviance Estimation Schemes --- p.2-5 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Scheme 1 --- p.2-5 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Scheme 2 --- p.2-7 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Scheme 3 --- p.2-8 / Chapter 2.5 --- KLT's of Different Random Processes --- p.2-11 / Chapter 2.6 --- Transform Comparison Based on Real Images --- p.2-14 / Chapter 2.7 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.2-18 / Chapter 3 --- DC TRANSFORMED ENERGY PACKING ABILITY OF KLT AND DCT / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.2 --- Analysis of DC Transformed Energy Using Mathematical Covariance Models --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- First-Order Markov Process --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Separable Model --- p.3 -3 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Non-Separable Isotropic Model --- p.3-4 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Results --- p.3-5 / Chapter 3.3 --- Chen and Smith Method and Experimental Results --- p.3-7 / Chapter 3.4 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.3-15 / Chapter 4 --- COMPATIBILITY OF THE DCT AND ICT / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) --- p.4 -2 / Chapter 4.3 --- The Family of Interger Cosine Transforms (ICT) --- p.4 -3 / Chapter 4.4 --- Analysis of Error Due to Different Forward and Inverse Transforms --- p.4 -8 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- First-Order Markov Process --- p.4-8 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Separable Model --- p.4-10 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Non-Separable Isotropic Model --- p.4-12 / Chapter 4.5 --- Results --- p.4-14 / Chapter 4.6 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.4 -18 / Chapter 5 --- ERROR BEHAVIOUR OF THE DCT AND THE ICT / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.5 -1 / Chapter 5.2 --- Problem Identification --- p.5 -1 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Error Distribution and Energy Due to Rounding Operation --- p.5-2 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Error Distribution and Energy Due to Linear Transformation --- p.5-3 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Estimation of Residual Error Energy --- p.5-6 / Chapter 5.3 --- Error Energy in the One-Dimensional Order-8 DCT System --- p.5-8 / Chapter 5.4 --- Error Energy in the One-Dimensional Order-8 ICT(4) System --- p.5-11 / Chapter 5.5 --- Error Energy in the Two-Dimensional Order-8 DCT System --- p.5-13 / Chapter 5.6 --- Error Energy in the Two-Dimensional Order-8 ICT(4) System --- p.5-16 / Chapter 5.7 --- Error Energy in Other Transform Systems --- p.5-19 / Chapter 5.7.1 --- Error Energy in the Two-Dimensional Order-16 DCT System --- p.5-20 / Chapter 5.7.2 --- Error Energy in the One-Dimensional Order-16 ICT(7) System --- p.5-21 / Chapter 5.7.3 --- Error Energy in the Two-Dimensional Order-16 ICT(7) System --- p.5 -21 / Chapter 5.8 --- Results --- p.5 -22 / Chapter 5.9 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.5 -24 / Chapter 6 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of Work --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.2 --- Contribution of the Work --- p.6-2 / Chapter 6.3 --- Recommendation for Further Work --- p.6-3 / Chapter 7 --- REFERENCES --- p.7 -1 / Chapter 8 --- APPENDIX / Chapter A.1 --- Separability of KLTs --- p.A -1 / Chapter A.2 --- Derivation of DCT and KLT DC Transformed Energy --- p.A -2 / First-Order Maikov Process --- p.A -2 / Separable Model --- p.A -3 / Non-Separable Isotropic Model --- p.A -4 / RESULTS