計算機超聲引導針放置模擬系統近年受到醫學界密切關注。在過去十年，為應付各種需要，大量模擬系統被研發。與傳統訓練方法比較，使用計算機模擬系統作訓練擁有多種優點。例如：可控訓練環境，能重複使用的數據庫，以及客觀評核。至今，研究的主要方向依然是物理建構的模擬。雖然，更真實及更仔細的模擬系統能引發新的教學概念，系統開發的重點應該著眼於對訓練的影響。 / 本論文研究計算機超聲引導針放置模擬系統的最新發展。首先，我們會介紹計算機模擬系統的各個範疇及於醫學訓練的基本應用。使用計算機模擬系統作訓練用途的成效會被討論。然後，我們會討論幾種針對訓練成效的改進技術。這些技術包括一個動態訓練場景生成框架，綜合遊戲概念的方法，以及一種以臨床技術為本的穿刺提示規劃法則。它們對訓練的影響利用實驗作驗證。接著，我們介紹一個評核穿刺軌跡可視化技術的框架。我們的研究發現，穿刺軌跡的可視化技術對用家放置針的準確度有顯著的影響。這意味著模擬系統中穿刺軌跡的可視化技術需要經過非常小心的設計。最後，我們介紹一個超聲材質的描述器。這個描述器針對超聲材質的比較而設計。超聲材質的比較不止是在超聲模擬系統中重要的一環，更能被應用在各種醫學圖像的研究中。 / Computer-based ultrasound guided needle placement simulators have gained extensive attention of the medical society. In the last decade, a lot of simulators have been proposed to suit different purposes. Advantages of using computer-based simulators over traditional training include controlled training environment, reusable case database and objective evaluation. Yet, the most studied aspect of computer-based simulators remains the simulation of physical situations. Though a more realistic and detailed simulation enables new training concepts, the origin of any development shall be its effect on training. / This thesis studies the latest development of computer-based ultrasound guided needle placement simulators. We first introduce basic aspects of computer-based simulators and their applications on medical training. The effects on computer-based training over traditional methods are discussed. Secondly, we present various techniques that aim for effective training. These techniques include a framework for dynamic case generation, an integration of serious game concepts, and a recommendation scheme based on clinical practices. Their impacts on training are evaluated through various experiments. Thirdly, we present an evaluation framework for the visualization of needle access pathway. Our study shows that the adoption of visualization techniques significantly affects users' performance of needle alignment. This implies that a careful design of the visual effect inside a simulator is necessary. Lastly, we present a descriptor for ultrasound textures. This descriptor is designed for ultrasound textural comparison which is an important step for not only ultrasound simulators but also other medical imaging applications. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chan, Wing Yin. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-114). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Chan, Wing Yin.